scholarly journals Self-calibration and Collaborative Localization for UWB Positioning Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Matteo Ridolfi ◽  
Abdil Kaya ◽  
Rafael Berkvens ◽  
Maarten Weyn ◽  
Wout Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Collaborative Localization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Localization Systems

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a Radio Frequency technology that is currently used for accurate indoor localization. However, the cost of deploying such a system is large, mainly due to the need for manually measuring the exact location of the installed infrastructure devices (“anchor nodes”). Self-calibration of UWB reduces deployment costs, because it allows for automatic updating of the coordinates of fixed nodes when they are installed or moved. Additionally, installation costs can also be reduced by using collaborative localization approaches where mobile nodes act as anchors. This article surveys the most significant research that has been done on self-calibration and collaborative localization. First, we find that often these terms are improperly used, leading to confusion for the readers. Furthermore, we find that in most of the cases, UWB-specific characteristics are not exploited, so crucial opportunities to improve performance are lost. Our classification and analysis provide the basis for further research on self-calibration and collaborative localization in the deployment of UWB indoor localization systems. Finally, we identify several research tracks that are open for investigation and can lead to better performance, e.g., machine learning and optimized physical settings.

scholarly journals A Review of Antennas for Indoor Positioning Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Brás ◽  
Nuno Borges Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Pinho ◽  
Lukasz Kulas ◽  
Krzysztof Nyka
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Direction Of Arrival ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Received Signal Strength ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Localization Systems

This paper provides a review of antennas applied for indoor positioning or localization systems. The desired requirements of those antennas when integrated in anchor nodes (reference nodes) are discussed, according to different localization techniques and their performance. The described antennas will be subdivided into the following sections according to the nature of measurements: received signal strength (RSS), time of flight (ToF), and direction of arrival (DoA). This paper intends to provide a useful guide for antenna designers who are interested in developing suitable antennas for indoor localization systems.

scholarly journals Static and Dynamic Evaluation of an UWB Localization System for Industrial Applications

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Delamare ◽  
Remi Boutteau ◽  
Xavier Savatier ◽  
Nicolas Iriart
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Localization Systems ◽  
Do So

Many applications in the context of Industry 4.0 require precise localization. However, indoor localization remains an open problem, especially in complex environments such as industrial environments. In recent years, we have seen the emergence of Ultra WideBand (UWB) localization systems. The aim of this article is to evaluate the performance of a UWB system to estimate the position of a person moving in an indoor environment. To do so, we implemented an experimental protocol to evaluate the accuracy of the UWB system both statically and dynamically. The UWB system is compared to a ground truth obtained by a motion capture system with a millimetric accuracy.

scholarly journals Static and Dynamic Evaluation of an UWB Localization System for Industrial Applications

Sci ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickael Delamare ◽  
Remi Boutteau ◽  
Xavier Savatier ◽  
Nicolas Iriart
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Localization Systems ◽  
Do So

Many applications in the context of Industry 4.0 require precise localization. However, indoor localization remains an open problem, especially in complex environments such as industrial environments. In recent years, we have seen the emergence of Ultra WideBand (UWB) localization systems. The aim of this article is to evaluate the performance of a UWB system to estimate the position of a person moving in an indoor environment. To do so, we implemented an experimental protocol to evaluate the accuracy of the UWB system both statically and dynamically. The UWB system is compared to a ground truth obtained by a motion capture system with a millimetric accuracy.

scholarly journals Hybrid Indoor Localization Using IMU Sensors and Smartphone Camera

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwin Poulose ◽  
Dong Seog Han
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Simultaneous Localization And Mapping ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Localization Error ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Localization Systems

Smartphone camera or inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor-based systems can be independently used to provide accurate indoor positioning results. However, the accuracy of an IMU-based localization system depends on the magnitude of sensor errors that are caused by external electromagnetic noise or sensor drifts. Smartphone camera based positioning systems depend on the experimental floor map and the camera poses. The challenge in smartphone camera-based localization is that accuracy depends on the rapidness of changes in the user’s direction. In order to minimize the positioning errors in both the smartphone camera and IMU-based localization systems, we propose hybrid systems that combine both the camera-based and IMU sensor-based approaches for indoor localization. In this paper, an indoor experiment scenario is designed to analyse the performance of the IMU-based localization system, smartphone camera-based localization system and the proposed hybrid indoor localization system. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid system and the results show that the proposed hybrid system exhibits significant position accuracy when compared to the IMU and smartphone camera-based localization systems. The performance of the proposed hybrid system is analysed in terms of average localization error and probability distributions of localization errors. The experiment results show that the proposed oriented fast rotated binary robust independent elementary features (BRIEF)-simultaneous localization and mapping (ORB-SLAM) with the IMU sensor hybrid system shows a mean localization error of 0.1398 m and the proposed simultaneous localization and mapping by fusion of keypoints and squared planar markers (UcoSLAM) with IMU sensor-based hybrid system has a 0.0690 m mean localization error and are compared with the individual localization systems in terms of mean error, maximum error, minimum error and standard deviation of error.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of UWB Indoor Positioning for Indoor Track Cycling

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Minne ◽  
Nicola Macoir ◽  
Jen Rossey ◽  
Quinten Van den Brande ◽  
Sam Lemey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Communication Range ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Track Cycling ◽  
Localization Systems

Accurate radio frequency (RF)-based indoor localization systems are more and more applied during sports. The most accurate RF-based localization systems use ultra-wideband (UWB) technology; this is why this technology is the most prevalent. UWB positioning systems allow for an in-depth analysis of the performance of athletes during training and competition. There is no research available that investigates the feasibility of UWB technology for indoor track cycling. In this paper, we investigate the optimal position to mount the UWB hardware for that specific use case. Different positions on the bicycle and cyclist were evaluated based on accuracy, received power level, line-of-sight, maximum communication range, and comfort. Next to this, the energy consumption of our UWB system was evaluated. We found that the optimal hardware position was the lower back, with a median ranging error of 22 cm (infrastructure hardware placed at 2.3 m). The energy consumption of our UWB system is also taken into account. Applied to our setup with the hardware mounted at the lower back, the maximum communication range varies between 32.6 m and 43.8 m. This shows that UWB localization systems are suitable for indoor positioning of track cyclists.

scholarly journals Using Smart Virtual-Sensor Nodes to Improve the Robustness of Indoor Localization Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3912
Author(s):  
Guilherme Pedrollo ◽  
Andréa Aparecida Konzen ◽  
Wagner Ourique de Morais ◽  
Edison Pignaton de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Virtual Sensors ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Security Monitoring ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Localization Systems

Young, older, frail, and disabled individuals can require some form of monitoring or assistance, mainly when critical situations occur, such as falling and wandering. Healthcare facilities are increasingly interested in e-health systems that can detect and respond to emergencies on time. Indoor localization is an essential function in such e-health systems, and it typically relies on wireless sensor networks (WSN) composed of fixed and mobile nodes. Nodes in the network can become permanently or momentarily unavailable due to, for example, power failures, being out of range, and wrong placement. Consequently, unavailable sensors not providing data can compromise the system’s overall function. One approach to overcome the problem is to employ virtual sensors as replacements for unavailable sensors and generate synthetic but still realistic data. This paper investigated the viability of modelling and artificially reproducing the path of a monitored target tracked by a WSN with unavailable sensors. Particularly, the case with just a single sensor was explored. Based on the coordinates of the last measured positions by the unavailable node, a neural network was trained with 4 min of not very linear data to reproduce the behavior of a sensor that become unavailable for about 2 min. Such an approach provided reasonably successful results, especially for areas close to the room’s entrances and exits, which are critical for the security monitoring of patients in healthcare facilities.

scholarly journals Static and Dynamic Evaluation of an UWB Localization System for Industrial Applications

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Mickaël Delamare ◽  
Remi Boutteau ◽  
Xavier Savatier ◽  
Nicolas Iriart
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Localization Systems ◽  
Do So

Many applications in the context of Industry 4.0 require precise localization. However, indoor localization remains an open problem, especially in complex environments such as industrial environments. In recent years, we have seen the emergence of Ultra WideBand (UWB) localization systems. The aim of this article is to evaluate the performance of a UWB system to estimate the position of a person moving in an indoor environment. To do so, we implemented an experimental protocol to evaluate the accuracy of the UWB system both statically and dynamically. The UWB system is compared to a ground truth obtained by a motion capture system with a millimetric accuracy.

scholarly journals Self-Calibration for the Time Difference of Arrival Positioning

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2079
Author(s):  
Juri Sidorenko ◽  
Volker Schatz ◽  
Dimitri Bulatov ◽  
Norbert Scherer-Negenborn ◽  
Michael Arens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Optimization ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Position Measurement ◽  
Time Difference Of Arrival ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
Localization Systems

The time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) self-calibration is an important topic for many applications, such as indoor navigation. One of the most common methods is to perform nonlinear optimization. Unfortunately, optimization often gets stuck in a local minimum. Here, we propose a method of dimension lifting by adding an additional variable into the l 2 norm of the objective function. Next to the usual numerical optimization, a partially-analytical method is suggested, which overdetermines the system of equations proportionally to the number of measurements. The effect of dimension lifting on the TDOA self-calibration is verified by experiments with synthetic and real measurements. In both cases, self-calibration is performed for two very common and often combined localization systems, the DecaWave Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and the Abatec Local Position Measurement (LPM) system. The results show that our approach significantly reduces the risk of becoming trapped in a local minimum.

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