Measuring disagreement in groups facing limited-choice problems

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Whitworth ◽  
Roy Felton
Keyword(s):  
Limited Choice

scholarly journals Coopetition in temporary contexts: examining swift trust and swift distrust in humanitarian operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1449-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schiffling ◽  
Claire Hannibal ◽  
Yiyi Fan ◽  
Matthew Tickle
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Humanitarian Relief ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trust Theory ◽  
Humanitarian Operations ◽  
Swift Trust ◽  
Limited Choice ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeBy drawing on commitment-trust theory, we examine the role of swift trust and distrust in supporting coopetition under conditions of uncertainty and interdependence in the setting of humanitarian disaster relief organisations.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents findings from case studies of 18 international humanitarian relief organisations based on 48 interviews and the analysis of publicly available documents.FindingsWe find that both swift trust and swift distrust support coopetition. As coopetition is simultaneous cooperation and competition, in this study we show how swift trust and swift distrust also occur simultaneously in coopetitive contexts.Research limitations/implicationsCoopetition as a strategic choice is well-researched in the private sector, yet has received less attention in the nonprofit sector, particularly in contexts that are shaped by interdependence and uncertainty. We show the importance of swift trust and swift distrust in coopetitive relationships by drawing on commitment-trust theory.Practical implicationsIn focusing on a competitive environment in which cooperation is essential, we find limited choice of coopetitive partners. Humanitarian relief organisations must often simply work with whichever other organisations are available. We highlight how trust and distrust are not opposite ends of a spectrum and detail how both contribute to coopetitive relationships.Originality/valueOur findings contribute to commitment-trust theory by explaining the important role of distrust in forging coopetitive relationships. Furthermore, we contribute to prior work on coopetition by focusing on an uncertain and interdependent nonprofit environment.

scholarly journals How trainee physical education teachers in England write, use and evaluate lesson plans

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 964-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Capel ◽  
Sophy Bassett ◽  
Julia Lawrence ◽  
Angela Newton ◽  
Paula Zwozdiak-Myers
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Lesson Planning ◽  
Lesson Plans ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Trainee Teachers ◽  
Initial Teacher Training ◽  
School Based ◽  
Limited Choice ◽  
Insight Into

Traditionally, all physical education initial teacher training (PEITT) courses in England, and in many other countries, require trainee teachers to complete detailed lesson plans for each lesson they teach in their school-based practicum and then to evaluate those lessons. However, there has been a limited amount of research on lesson planning in PEITT generally or in England specifically. The purpose of this study therefore was to gain an initial insight into how trainee physical education teachers write, use and evaluate lesson plans. Two-hundred-and-eighty-nine physical education trainees in England completed a questionnaire about lesson planning after finishing a block school-based practicum. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the limited-choice questions on the questionnaires and open-ended questions were analysed using thematic analysis. Results showed mixed responses, with no one method followed by all trainees. Some trainees stated they planned and/or evaluated lessons as taught. Some stated they completed the plan and/or evaluation proforma to ‘tick a box’. The highest percentage of trainees stated it took between half an hour and one-and-a-half hours to plan each lesson. Although most trainees stated they found the plan useful in the lesson, others stated they found it too detailed to use. Some stated they did not deviate from the plan in the lesson, whereas others adapted the plan. The majority of trainees stated that evaluation enabled them to see if objectives had been achieved. Results are discussed in relation to teaching trainees how to plan lessons in PEITT in England.

Engineering choices into animal environments

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Heterogeneous Environment ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Individual Choices ◽  
Limited Choice ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Feeding Systems ◽  
Livestock Husbandry

AbstractThe means by which choice can be engineered into farm animal environments are described, focusing upon intensive systems of husbandry where choices are the most limited. Choice is assumed to be both necessary and desirable.The principal components of choice are: (i) environmental choice; (ii) nutritional choice; and (iii) social choice. The management of herds rather than individuals and the persistent trend towards increased intensification generally reduces the opportunities for animals to exercise their environmental and social choices. However, extensive systems can also restrict choice and provide an environment that may, in some cases, be equally barren.Several common problems may make the provision of choice difficult, including variability and precision of individual choices and the conflicts between the interests of individual animals (as distinct from groups) and farmers themselves.The availability of choice can be improved by modifying existing systems or developing new systems of livestock husbandry. The choice of physical environments may be made by self selection by an individual animal in a heterogeneous environment; active animal control of an environmental modifier, or automatic control with continual monitoring of physiological and behavioural states. The enrichment of barren environments could also embrace artificial stimulation of the senses. Improving the choice of space for its many social and other uses is likely to be difficult given the financial constraints of livestock husbandry. There are few technical difficulties to improving nutritional choices available to livestock, e.g. automated feeding systems which provide multiple rations.

Buying In to Social Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 644 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Political Engagement ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Greater Good ◽  
Buying In ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Limited Choice

Drawing on depth interviews with eight socially conscious consumers, this study explores the way socially conscious consumer orientations can help to foster the kinds of prosocial orientations, such as a concern for others, that facilitate civic and political engagement. The data suggest that these consumers reap several private benefits from their socially conscious choices (authenticity, social embeddedness, empowerment, and self-actualization) while also helping to secure broader public virtues, such as a clean environment or workers’ rights. In so doing, they face certain costs (such as inconvenience and limited choice), but these sacrifices are reframed as pleasurable. This perspective challenges conventional, republican views of citizenship that see individuals as selfless and sacrificing for the sake of a common, greater good. Instead, these socially conscious consumers embody an alternative kind of citizenship in which the acquisition of private, self-serving benefits is inextricably linked to the pursuit of broader, collective virtues.

Measuring Dissent in Electoral Authoritarian Societies

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1557-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik S. Herron
Keyword(s):  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
Citizen Preferences ◽  
Authoritarian Elections ◽  
Limited Choice ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Choice Set

Although authoritarian regimes assert control over electoral processes, election returns can yield valuable information about dissent. Using election data from two votes in Azerbaijan, this article assesses hypotheses about the sources of antiregime results. The analysis indicates that dissenting votes may be produced by a combination of elite interference at the national and local levels, and through the expression of citizen preferences under the conditions of a limited choice set. Although results must be interpreted with care, authoritarian elections may provide useful insights into hidden elite conflict and/or citizen grievances. The approach to assessing dissenting votes described in the article not only yields information about Azerbaijan’s internal politics but also could be applied to elections in other electoral authoritarian states.

scholarly journals Insurance Protection of Agricultural Producers of Ukraine: A Review of Insurance Companies and Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (519) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
N. M. Rubtsova ◽  
◽  
N. H. Radchenko ◽  
N. V. Trusova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
Insurance Mechanism ◽  
Entire Amount ◽  
Limited Choice

The article is aimed at analyzing the work of insurance companies in the agricultural insurance market, evaluating their services for insurance protection of agricultural producers and studying the State’s efforts in supporting farmers in the sphere of agricultural insurance. In the course of the study, it is defined that the current system of agricultural insurance is unsatisfactory, and every year regressive processes are observed in the agricultural insurance market. The low demand for agricultural insurance in Ukraine is associated with the high cost of the service, limited choice of counter-parties, complexity of the insurance mechanism. The carried out analysis of the work of insurers in the agricultural insurance market indicates their partial participation in this type of insurance: for example, out of 64 insurers licensed for agricultural insurance, only less than a third provide services in this direction. As a result of the study of the line of insurance products for agricultural insurance, it is determined that complex and index insurance and insurance of animals and poultry are in great demand. It is found out that the extanrt system of agricultural insurance with the State support, even under the conditions of its functioning, would not have gained much popularity. The main reasons are a complex insurance mechanism, a one-time payment of 100% insurance premiums and the insecurity of the agricultural producer in obtaining the entire amount of subsidies belonging to him further on. In the future, in order to improve the situation in this industry, it is necessary to make certain amendments to the current legislation, which will revitalize the domestic sphere of agricultural insurance while providing confidence to agricultural producers in the continuity and reproduction of their output.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE GROWTH OF INVESTMENT – A STUDY ON THE LIBYAN MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulbaset Ali Alhaj ◽  
Abdullah Mohammed Awn ◽  
Al Taher Khalifa Abdusalam Alaswed
Keyword(s):  
Output Growth ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Investment Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Limited Choice ◽  
Made In

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between Financial instruments and growth of investment. Design/Methodology/Approach: The distributed questionnaires include 300 clients from banks and companies represented in Tripoli. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS- SEM. Results: The obtained results showed that indicated that, despite the modest progress made in a very short time regarding all indicators which the paper calculated, however, it can be said that Libyan stock market remain largely underdeveloped, small and relatively inefficient. Its market capitalization to GDP is very low and investors have no access to long-term capital. In addition, the market still has very low liquidity and investors still have a limited choice of financial instruments and face liquidity problems. Originality/Value: This study contributes significantly to the importance of diversity in the use of financial instruments that help in the growth of investment. The study added a new discussion, which is the disclosure that financial instruments affect the growth of domestic investment, especially by easing financing restrictions, which allows companies to increase investment in response to increased demand for production. The main finding is that the structure of the financial system does not have an independent effect on investment growth, in the sense that it does not enhance the response of investment to changes in production, whereas financial development makes investment more responsive to output growth. Thus, instead of promoting a specific type of financial instrument, countries should implement policies that reduce transaction costs in financial intermediation and enforce the rights of creditors and investors. This will facilitate the development of banks and stock markets, which will stimulate the growth of domestic investment. JEL: D53; G14; O16

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