Unveiling the Mystery of Internet Packet Forwarding

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Kai Bu ◽  
Avery Laird ◽  
Yutian Yang ◽  
Linfeng Cheng ◽  
Jiaqing Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Packet Forwarding

Feasibility of Longest Prefix Matching using Learned Index Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Higuchi ◽  
Junji Takemasa ◽  
Yuki Koizumi ◽  
Atsushi Tagami ◽  
Toru Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Structure ◽  
Index Structures ◽  
Packet Forwarding ◽  
Fundamental Idea ◽  
Search Operation ◽  
Longest Prefix Matching ◽  
Ip Packet ◽  
Computation Speed

This paper revisits longest prefix matching in IP packet forwarding because an emerging data structure, learned index, is recently presented. A learned index uses machine learning to associate key-value pairs in a key-value store. The fundamental idea to apply a learned index to an FIB is to simplify the complex longest prefix matching operation to a nearest address search operation. The size of the proposed FIB is less than half of an existing trie-based FIB while it achieves the computation speed nearly equal to the trie-based FIB. Moreover, the computation speed of the proposal is independent of the length of IP prefixes, unlike trie-based FIBs.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Packet Forwarding Scheme Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making in Underwater Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4368
Author(s):  
Jitander Kumar Pabani ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Luque-Nieto ◽  
Waheeduddin Hyder ◽  
Pablo Otero
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Packet Forwarding ◽  
Node Number ◽  
The Impact

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are subjected to a multitude of real-life challenges. Maintaining adequate power consumption is one of the critical ones, for obvious reasons. This includes proper energy consumption due to nodes close to and far from the sink node (gateway), which affect the overall energy efficiency of the system. These wireless sensors gather and route the data to the onshore base station through the gateway at the sea surface. However, finding an optimum and efficient path from the source node to the gateway is a challenging task. The common reasons for the loss of energy in existing routing protocols for underwater are (1) a node shut down due to battery drainage, (2) packet loss or packet collision which causes re-transmission and hence affects the performance of the system, and (3) inappropriate selection of sensor node for forwarding data. To address these issues, an energy efficient packet forwarding scheme using fuzzy logic is proposed in this work. The proposed protocol uses three metrics: number of hops to reach the gateway node, number of neighbors (in the transmission range of a node) and the distance (or its equivalent received signal strength indicator, RSSI) in a 3D UWSN architecture. In addition, the performance of the system is also tested with adaptive and non-adaptive transmission ranges and scalable number of nodes to see the impact on energy consumption and number of hops. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs better than other existing techniques or in terms of parameters used in this scheme.

On Demand Priority Packet Forwarding for TCP Performance Enhancement in Cognitive Mobile IP Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947-1970
Author(s):  
Satish Anamalamudi ◽  
Minglu Jin ◽  
Jae Moung Kim ◽  
Chang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Mobile Ip ◽  
Ip Networks ◽  
Packet Forwarding ◽  
Tcp Performance ◽  
On Demand

scholarly journals Arithmetic Framework to Optimize Packet Forwarding among End Devices in Generic Edge Computing Environments

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Pedro Juan Roig ◽  
Salvador Alcaraz ◽  
Katja Gilly ◽  
Cristina Bernad ◽  
Carlos Juiz
Keyword(s):  
Edge Computing ◽  
Modular Arithmetic ◽  
Packet Forwarding ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Integer Division ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Multi Access

Multi-access edge computing implementations are ever increasing in both the number of deployments and the areas of application. In this context, the easiness in the operations of packet forwarding between two end devices being part of a particular edge computing infrastructure may allow for a more efficient performance. In this paper, an arithmetic framework based in a layered approach has been proposed in order to optimize the packet forwarding actions, such as routing and switching, in generic edge computing environments by taking advantage of the properties of integer division and modular arithmetic, thus simplifying the search of the proper next hop to reach the desired destination into simple arithmetic operations, as opposed to having to look into the routing or switching tables. In this sense, the different type of communications within a generic edge computing environment are first studied, and afterwards, three diverse case scenarios have been described according to the arithmetic framework proposed, where all of them have been further verified by using arithmetic means with the help of applying theorems, as well as algebraic means, with the help of searching for behavioral equivalences.

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