Applications of Distributed Ledger Technologies to the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyi Zhu ◽  
Seng W. Loke ◽  
Rolando Trujillo-Rasua ◽  
Frank Jiang ◽  
Yong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Concept of Blockchain Technology and Its Emergence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Padmavathi U. ◽  
Narendran Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Authentication And Authorization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Blockchain refers to a distributed ledger technology that helps people to regulate and manage their information without any intermediaries. This technology emerges as a promising panacea for authentication and authorization with potential for use in every possible domain including financial, manufacturing, educational institutions, etc. Blockchain has its birth through the concept of Bitcoin, a digital cryptocurrency by Satoshi Nakamoto, called as Blockchain 1.0. Blockchain 2.0 came into existence in 2014 with Ethereum and smart contracts. The challenges such as scalability, interoperability, sustainability, and governance led to the next generation of Blockchain also called as IOTA, a blockchainless cryptocurrency for the internet of things runs on the top of their own ledger called Tangle, which is immune towards quantum computers. This disruptive technology evolved to provide cross chain support and more security through Blockchain 4.0. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing the various applications of this technology and its advantages and security issues.

Part II Trade Finance Technology, 10 Digitalisation of Shipping and Insurance Documents: Implications for Trade Finance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goldby Miriam
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The inefficiencies inherent in processing pieces of paper manually down a cross-border chain of sales have prompted the international trade community to attempt to replace bills of lading with digital alternatives. These efforts have been ongoing for thirty years, but the recent availability of new technologies, particularly distributed-ledger technology (‘DLT’), which can be used in combination with ‘smart contracts’, the internet of things (‘IoT’) and machine-learning, has given these efforts a new impetus. Digitalisation holds many promises, including the creation of a context wherein new and cheaper financing options may be developed that do not involve manual checking of large volumes of paper documents. However, doing away with the paper-based documents of title creates uncertainties in terms of the bank’s position as secured creditor. Similarly, while cargo insurance certificates have been issued over electronic platforms for many years now, their transfer by endorsement is still effected by printing the certificate out and endorsing the paper-based certificate. In order for the benefits of digitalisation to be reaped in full, cargo insurance certificates also need to be fully digitalised, which would in turn raise questions as to the bank’s position as assured under the insurance contract. This chapter will examine the options available for making the bank’s position more certain. These options include legislative intervention and the development of contractual frameworks governed by English law.

scholarly journals Accelerating Health Data Sharing: A Solution Based on the Internet of Things and Distributed Ledger Technologies

10.2196/13583 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. e13583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zheng ◽  
Shengjing Sun ◽  
Raghava Rao Mukkamala ◽  
Ravi Vatrapu ◽  
Joaquín Ordieres-Meré
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Health Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
The Internet Of Things

scholarly journals Efficient Data Communication Using Distributed Ledger Technology and IOTA-Enabled Internet of Things for a Future Machine-to-Machine Economy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4354
Author(s):  
Mohd Majid Akhtar ◽  
Danish Raza Rizvi ◽  
Mohd Abdul Ahad ◽  
Salil S. Kanhere ◽  
Mohammad Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
The Internet Of Things

A potential rise in interest in the Internet of Things in the upcoming years is expected in the fields of healthcare, supply chain, logistics, industries, smart cities, smart homes, cyber physical systems, etc. This paper discloses the fusion of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the so-called “distributed ledger technology” (DLT). IoT sensors like temperature sensors, motion sensors, GPS or connected devices convey the activity of the environment. Sensor information acquired by such IoT devices are then stored in a blockchain. Data on a blockchain remains immutable however its scalability still remains a challenging issue and thus represents a hindrance for its mass adoption in the IoT. Here a communication system based on IOTA and DLT is discussed with a systematic architecture for IoT devices and a future machine-to-machine (M2M) economy. The data communication between IoT devices is analyzed using multiple use cases such as sending DHT-11 sensor data to the IOTA tangle. The value communication is analyzed using a novel “micro-payment enabled over the top” (MP-OTT) streaming platform that is based on the “pay-as-you-go” and “consumption based” models to showcase IOTA value transactions. In this paper, we propose an enhancement to the classical “masked authenticated message” (MAM) communication protocol and two architectures called dual signature masked authenticated message (DSMAM) and index-based address value transaction (IBAVT). Further, we provided an empirical analysis and discussion of the proposed techniques. The implemented solution provides better address management with secured sharing and communication of IoT data, complete access control over the ownership of data and high scalability in terms of number of transactions that can be handled.

scholarly journals Distributed ledger technology: State-of-the-art and current challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Maria Gorbunova ◽  
Pavel Masek ◽  
Mikhail Komarov ◽  
Aleksandr Ometov
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Heterogeneous Architectures ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
And Task

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is making the first steps toward becoming a solution for the growing number of various decentralized systems worldwide. Unlike pure Blockchain, DLT finds many uses across different industries, including eHealth, finance, supply chain monitoring, and the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the vital DLT features is the ability to provide an immutable and commonly verifiable ledger for larger-scale and highly complex systems. Today?s centralized systems can no longer guarantee the required level of availability and reliability due to the growing number of the involved nodes, complicated heterogeneous architectures, and task load, while the publicly available distributed systems are still in their infancy. This paper aims to provide an exhaustive topical review of the state-of-theart of Distributed Ledger Technology applicability in various sectors. It outlines the importance of the practical integration of technology-related challenges, as well as potential solutions.

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