scholarly journals Efficient Data Communication Using Distributed Ledger Technology and IOTA-Enabled Internet of Things for a Future Machine-to-Machine Economy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4354
Author(s):  
Mohd Majid Akhtar ◽  
Danish Raza Rizvi ◽  
Mohd Abdul Ahad ◽  
Salil S. Kanhere ◽  
Mohammad Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
The Internet Of Things

A potential rise in interest in the Internet of Things in the upcoming years is expected in the fields of healthcare, supply chain, logistics, industries, smart cities, smart homes, cyber physical systems, etc. This paper discloses the fusion of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the so-called “distributed ledger technology” (DLT). IoT sensors like temperature sensors, motion sensors, GPS or connected devices convey the activity of the environment. Sensor information acquired by such IoT devices are then stored in a blockchain. Data on a blockchain remains immutable however its scalability still remains a challenging issue and thus represents a hindrance for its mass adoption in the IoT. Here a communication system based on IOTA and DLT is discussed with a systematic architecture for IoT devices and a future machine-to-machine (M2M) economy. The data communication between IoT devices is analyzed using multiple use cases such as sending DHT-11 sensor data to the IOTA tangle. The value communication is analyzed using a novel “micro-payment enabled over the top” (MP-OTT) streaming platform that is based on the “pay-as-you-go” and “consumption based” models to showcase IOTA value transactions. In this paper, we propose an enhancement to the classical “masked authenticated message” (MAM) communication protocol and two architectures called dual signature masked authenticated message (DSMAM) and index-based address value transaction (IBAVT). Further, we provided an empirical analysis and discussion of the proposed techniques. The implemented solution provides better address management with secured sharing and communication of IoT data, complete access control over the ownership of data and high scalability in terms of number of transactions that can be handled.

scholarly journals Leveraging Constrained Devices for Custom Code Execution in the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Pisani ◽  
Edson Borin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

With the ever-growing scale of the IoT, transmitting a massive volume of sensor data through the network will be too taxing. However, it will be challenging to include resource-constrained IoT devices as processing nodes in the fog computing hierarchy. To allow the execution of custom code sent by users on these devices, which are too limited for many current tools, we developed a platform called LibMiletusCOISA (LMC). Moreover, we created two models where the user can choose a cost metric (e.g., energy consumption) and then use it to decide whether to execute their code on the cloud or on the device that collected the data. We employed these models to characterize different scenarios and simulate future situations where changes in the technology can impact this decision.

scholarly journals Distributed ledger technology: State-of-the-art and current challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Maria Gorbunova ◽  
Pavel Masek ◽  
Mikhail Komarov ◽  
Aleksandr Ometov
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Heterogeneous Architectures ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
And Task

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is making the first steps toward becoming a solution for the growing number of various decentralized systems worldwide. Unlike pure Blockchain, DLT finds many uses across different industries, including eHealth, finance, supply chain monitoring, and the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the vital DLT features is the ability to provide an immutable and commonly verifiable ledger for larger-scale and highly complex systems. Today?s centralized systems can no longer guarantee the required level of availability and reliability due to the growing number of the involved nodes, complicated heterogeneous architectures, and task load, while the publicly available distributed systems are still in their infancy. This paper aims to provide an exhaustive topical review of the state-of-theart of Distributed Ledger Technology applicability in various sectors. It outlines the importance of the practical integration of technology-related challenges, as well as potential solutions.

scholarly journals Big Data Integration with IoT to Achieve the Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S3) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
V. Bhagyasree ◽  
K. Rohitha ◽  
K. Kusuma ◽  
S. Kokila
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real World ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Future ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things anticipates the combination of physical gadgets to the Internet and their access to wireless sensor data which makes it useful to restrain the physical world. Big Data convergence has many aspects and new opportunities ahead of business ventures to get into a new market or enhance their operations in the current market. The existing techniques and technologies is probably safe to say that the best solution is to use big data tools to provide an analytical solution to the Internet of Things. Based on the current technology deployment and adoption trends, it is visioned that the Internet of Things is the technology of the future; while to-day’s real-world devices can provide best and valuable analytics, and people in the real world use many IOT devices. In spite of all the advertisements that companies offer in connection with the Internet of Things, you as a liable consumer, have the right to be suspicious about IoT advertisements. This paper focuses on the Internet of things concerning reality and what are the prospects for the future.

scholarly journals A survey on approaches to the protection of personal data gathered by IoT devices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Tranter
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Is Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Security is always at the forefront of developing technologies. One can seldom go a week without hearing of a new data breach or hacking attempt from various groups around the world, often taking advantage of a simple flaw in a system’s architecture. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of these developing technologies which may be at risk of such attacks. IoT devices are becoming more and more prevalent in everyday life. From keeping track of an individual’s health, to suggesting meals from items available in an individual’s fridge, these technologies are taking a much larger role in the personal lives of their users. With this in mind, how is security being considered in the development of these technologies? Are these devices that monitor individual’s personal lives just additional vectors for potential data theft? Throughout this survey, various approaches to the development of security systems concerning IoT devices in the home will be discussed, compared, and contrasted in the hope of providing an ideal solution to the problems this technology may produce.

scholarly journals It’s only the beginning: Metadata Retention laws and the Internet of Things

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Clinton Fernandes ◽  
Vijay Sivaraman
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Data Retention ◽  
User Control ◽  
The Law ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
The Way

This article examines the implications of selected aspects of the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015, which was passed by the Australian Parliament in March 2015. It shows how the new law has strengthened protections for privacy. However, focusing on the investigatory implications, it shows how the law provides a tactical advantage to investigators who pursue whistleblowers and investigative journalists. The article exposes an apparent discrepancy in the way ‘journalist’ is defined across different pieces of legislation. It argues that although legislators’ interest has been overwhelmingly focused on communications data, the explosion of data generated by the so-called Internet-of-Things (IoT) is as important or more. It shows how the sensors in selected IoT devices lead to a loss of user control and will enable non-stop, involuntary and ubiquitous monitoring of individuals. It suggests that the law will need to be amended further once legislators and investigators’ knowledge of the potential of IoT increases. 

scholarly journals Design a blockchain-based middleware layer in the Internet of Things Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In next-generation computing, the role of cloud, internet and smart devices will be capacious. Nowadays we all are familiar with the word smart. This word is used a number of times in our daily life. The Internet of Things (IoT) will produce remarkable different kinds of information from different resources. It can store big data in the cloud. The fog computing acts as an interface between cloud and IoT. The extension of fog in this framework works on physical things under IoT. The IoT devices are called fog nodes, they can have accessed anywhere within the range of the network. The blockchain is a novel approach to record the transactions in a sequence securely. Developing a new blockchains based middleware framework in the architecture of the Internet of Things is one of the critical issues of wireless networking where resolving such an issue would result in constant growth in the use and popularity of IoT. The proposed research creates a framework for providing the middleware framework in the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our main contribution links a new study that integrates blockchains to the Internet of things and provides communication security to the internet of smart devices.

scholarly journals A survey on approaches to the protection of personal data gathered by IoT devices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Tranter
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Is Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Security is always at the forefront of developing technologies. One can seldom go a week without hearing of a new data breach or hacking attempt from various groups around the world, often taking advantage of a simple flaw in a system’s architecture. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of these developing technologies which may be at risk of such attacks. IoT devices are becoming more and more prevalent in everyday life. From keeping track of an individual’s health, to suggesting meals from items available in an individual’s fridge, these technologies are taking a much larger role in the personal lives of their users. With this in mind, how is security being considered in the development of these technologies? Are these devices that monitor individual’s personal lives just additional vectors for potential data theft? Throughout this survey, various approaches to the development of security systems concerning IoT devices in the home will be discussed, compared, and contrasted in the hope of providing an ideal solution to the problems this technology may produce.

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