Session details: Session 4: New interactions

Only recently it became possible to expand scanning electron microscopy to low vacuum and atmospheric pressure through the introduction of several new technologies. In principle, only the specimen is provided with a controlled gaseous environment while the optical microscope column is kept at high vacuum. In the specimen chamber, the gas can generate new interactions with i) the probe electrons, ii) the specimen surface, and iii) the specimen-specific signal electrons. The results of these interactions yield new information about specimen surfaces not accessible to conventional high vacuum SEM. Several microscope types are available differing from each other by the maximum available gas pressure and the types of signals which can be used for investigation of specimen properties.Electrical non-conductors can be easily imaged despite charge accumulations at and beneath their surface. At high gas pressures between 10-2 and 2 torr, gas molecules are ionized in the electrical field between the specimen surface and the surrounding microscope parts through signal electrons and, to a certain extent, probe electrons. The gas provides a stable ion flux for a surface charge equalization if sufficient gas ions are provided.

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The Interactome of Cancer-Related Lysyl Oxidase and Lysyl Oxidase-Like Proteins

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13010071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Sylvain D. Vallet ◽

Coline Berthollier ◽

Romain Salza ◽

Laurent Muller ◽

Sylvie Ricard-Blum

Keyword(s):

Protein Folding ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Lysyl Oxidase ◽

Chaperone Activity ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Binding Assays ◽

Vessel Development ◽

New Interactions

The members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family are amine oxidases, which initiate the covalent cross-linking of the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulate ECM stiffness, and contribute to cancer progression. The aim of this study was to build the first draft of the interactome of the five members of the LOX family in order to determine its molecular functions, the biological and signaling pathways mediating these functions, the biological processes it is involved in, and if and how it is rewired in cancer. In vitro binding assays, based on surface plasmon resonance and bio-layer interferometry, combined with queries of interaction databases and interaction datasets, were used to retrieve interaction data. The interactome was then analyzed using computational tools. We identified 31 new interactions and 14 new partners of LOXL2, including the α5β1 integrin, and built an interactome comprising 320 proteins, 5 glycosaminoglycans, and 399 interactions. This network participates in ECM organization, degradation and cross-linking, cell-ECM interactions mediated by non-integrin and integrin receptors, protein folding and chaperone activity, organ and blood vessel development, cellular response to stress, and signal transduction. We showed that this network is rewired in colorectal carcinoma, leading to a switch from ECM organization to protein folding and chaperone activity.

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Highly boosted Higgs bosons and unitarity in vector-boson fusion at future hadron colliders

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep05(2021)198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Wolfgang Kilian ◽

Sichun Sun ◽

Qi-Shu Yan ◽

Xiaoran Zhao ◽

Zhijie Zhao

Keyword(s):

Pair Production ◽

Vector Boson ◽

New Physics ◽

Higgs Bosons ◽

Vector Boson Fusion ◽

Final State ◽

Proton Proton ◽

Effective Lagrangian ◽

Discovery Potential ◽

New Interactions

Abstract We study the observability of new interactions which modify Higgs-pair production via vector-boson fusion processes at the LHC and at future proton-proton colliders. In an effective-Lagrangian approach, we explore in particular the effect of the operator $$ {h}^2{W}_{\mu \nu}^a{W}^{a,\mu \nu} $$ h 2 W μν a W a , μν , which describes the interaction of the Higgs boson with transverse vector-boson polarization modes. By tagging highly boosted Higgs bosons in the final state, we determine projected bounds for the coefficient of this operator at the LHC and at a future 27 TeV or 100 TeV collider. Taking into account unitarity constraints, we estimate the new-physics discovery potential of Higgs pair production in this channel.

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Dark matter-deficient dwarf galaxies form via tidal stripping of dark matter in interactions with massive companions

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stab093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 502 (2) ◽

pp. 1785-1796

Author(s):

R A Jackson ◽

S Kaviraj ◽

G Martin ◽

J E G Devriendt ◽

A Slyz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Galaxy Evolution ◽

Cold Dark Matter ◽

Dwarf Galaxies ◽

Stellar Mass ◽

Matter Content ◽

Mass Relation ◽

Potential Wells ◽

Tidal Interactions ◽

New Interactions

ABSTRACT In the standard ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) paradigm, dwarf galaxies are expected to be dark matter-rich, as baryonic feedback is thought to quickly drive gas out of their shallow potential wells and quench star formation at early epochs. Recent observations of local dwarfs with extremely low dark matter content appear to contradict this picture, potentially bringing the validity of the standard model into question. We use NewHorizon, a high-resolution cosmological simulation, to demonstrate that sustained stripping of dark matter, in tidal interactions between a massive galaxy and a dwarf satellite, naturally produces dwarfs that are dark matter-deficient, even though their initial dark matter fractions are normal. The process of dark matter stripping is responsible for the large scatter in the halo-to-stellar mass relation in the dwarf regime. The degree of stripping is driven by the closeness of the orbit of the dwarf around its massive companion and, in extreme cases, produces dwarfs with halo-to-stellar mass ratios as low as unity, consistent with the findings of recent observational studies. ∼30 per cent of dwarfs show some deviation from normal dark matter fractions due to dark matter stripping, with 10 per cent showing high levels of dark matter deficiency (Mhalo/M⋆ < 10). Given their close orbits, a significant fraction of dark matter-deficient dwarfs merge with their massive companions (e.g. ∼70 per cent merge over time-scales of ∼3.5 Gyr), with the dark matter-deficient population being constantly replenished by new interactions between dwarfs and massive companions. The creation of these galaxies is therefore a natural by-product of galaxy evolution and their existence is not in tension with the standard paradigm.

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Multiple Approaches for Individualized Fertility Protective Therapy in Cancer Patients

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2012/961232 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

I. Demeestere ◽

F. Moffa ◽

F. Peccatori ◽

C. Poirot ◽

E. Shalom-Paz

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Fertility Preservation ◽

Ovarian Tissue ◽

Major Field ◽

New Interactions

In the last decade, fertility preservation has risen as a major field of interest, creating new interactions between oncologists and gynecologists. Various options, such as cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, have been developed and are currently routinely proposed in many centers. However, many of the options remain experimental and should be offered to patients only after adequate counseling. This paper addresses the efficiency and the potential of the different fertility preservation approaches.

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Dancing Queer Tango: An Experience of Queer Pedagogy in PESTE

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education ◽

10.1123/jtpe.2020-0097 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Sofía Pereira-García ◽

Elena López-Cañada ◽

Agnes Elling-Machartzki

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Physical Education ◽

University Students ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Pedagogical Practices ◽

Gender Performances ◽

New Interactions ◽

Mainstream Students ◽

Queer Pedagogy ◽

Opening Up

Purpose: The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and queer/questioning students normally occupy a marginalized and at-risk position in classes and especially in physical education. In this paper, the authors explore the ways in which queer tango can contribute to counteracting heteronormativity and opening up students to new interactions and identifications through the performance of different gender performances in Physical Education and Sport Tertiary Education. Method: A queer tango session was carried out with 111 university students (91 men and 19 women aged 19–22 years). Data were obtained from interviews, video records, and open questionnaires about the practice. Results: The findings reveal that the performance of dance roles that are contrary to the heteronormative order reinforced both heteronormativity and queer embodiments in Physical Education and Sport Tertiary Education. Conclusion: An isolated activity is not enough, and more queer pedagogical practices should be introduced in order to make meaningful changes to mainstream students’ ideology and behaviors.

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A systematic scan of interactions with tyrosine motifs in the erythropoietin receptor using a mammalian 2-hybrid approach

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2004-07-2733 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 105 (11) ◽

pp. 4264-4271 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Tony Montoye ◽

Irma Lemmens ◽

Dominiek Catteeuw ◽

Sven Eyckerman ◽

Jan Tavernier

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Interaction Analysis ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Erythropoietin Receptor ◽

Cytokine Signaling ◽

Natural Setting ◽

Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽

Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

New Interactions

Abstract Signaling via the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) depends on the interaction of several proteins with phosphorylated tyrosine-containing motifs in its cytosolic domain. Detailed mapping of these interactions is required for an accurate insight into Epo signaling. We recently developed a mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT), a cytokine receptor-based 2-hybrid method that operates in intact Hek293-T mammalian cells. As baits, we used intracellular segments of the EpoR containing 1 or 2 tyrosines. Several known signaling molecules, including cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS), suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS2), phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3-K), phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) were used as prey. We also extended the MAPPIT method to enable interaction analysis with wild-type EpoR. In this relay MAPPIT approach, instead of using isolated EpoR fragments as bait, we used the full-length EpoR itself as a “receptor bait.” Finally, we introduced MAPPIT in the erythroleukemic TF-1 cell line, which is a more natural setting of the EpoR. With these strategies several known interactions with the EpoR were analyzed and evidence for new interactions was obtained.

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Non-standard interactions in $\tau^- \to (\pi^-\eta,\pi^-\pi^0)\nu_{\tau}$ decays

10.21468/scipostphysproc.1.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Lopez Castro

Keyword(s):

Weak Interactions ◽

High Energy ◽

New Physics ◽

Tau Lepton ◽

Tau Decays ◽

Set Constraints ◽

Belle Ii ◽

Lepton Decays ◽

Energy Processes ◽

New Interactions

Originally thought as clean processes to study the hadronization of the weak currents, semileptonic tau lepton decays can be useful to set constraints on non-standard (NS) weak interactions. We study the effects of new interactions in \tau^- \to (\pi^-\eta,\pi^-\pi^0)\nu_{\tau}τ−→(π−η,π−π0)ντ decays and find that they are sensitive probes of these New Physics effects in the form of scalar and tensor interactions, respectively. Further improved measurements at Belle II will set limits on these scalar interactions that are similar to other low and high energy processes.

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Espaços deslocados: poéticas de interação entre arte e tecnologia

REPERTÓRIO ◽

10.9771/r.v0i28.25012 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Regina Miranda

Keyword(s):

Performing Arts ◽

Empty Space ◽

Scenic Design ◽

The Body ◽

Theoretical Contribution ◽

Art And Technology ◽

Geometric Configurations ◽

The Creation ◽

New Interactions ◽

The Relationship

Resumo:Ao tomar como contexto teórico as pesquisas em Harmonias Espaciais desenvolvidas pelo teórico de movimento Rudolf Laban na primeira metade do século XX, este artigo considera o longo predomínio da visão de um alguém que habitava um espaço vazio separado do corpo e aponta perspectivas contemporâneas, que tornaram o espaço entre/em ambos mais fluido e plástico. A contribuição teórica aqui apresentada indicou a necessidade da inclusão de configurações geométricas mais instáveis no campo Labaniano e também a criação de percursos para a encarnação de conceitos, que pudessem representar essas novas interações. Como um dos territórios da pesquisa artística que fundamenta esta narrativa, o encontro com a tecnologia foi explorado, inicialmente, como uma forma de ampliar a experiência corpo-espacial dos atuantes formais e informais de uma performance, oferecendo a possibilidade de um desenho cênico que incluía a articulação entre espaços físicos e virtuais e de conexões espaciais de livre escolha. Mais recentemente, a relação se ampliou em uma experiência interdisciplinar de criação cênica e coreográfica em interatividade com processos computacionais. Nos exemplos apontados, o que rege a escolha das tecnologias é o interesse artístico e conceitual de investigar como cada tecnologia pode colaborar na criação, deslocamento e distorção de espaços performáticos.Palavras-chave: Arte e tecnologia. Artes cênicas. Campo labaniano. Corpo-espaço. Performance imersiva. SHIFTING SPACES: POETICS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ART AND TECHNOLOGYAbstract:Embracing as theoretical context the Space Harmonies’ research developed by movement theorist Rudolf Laban during the first half of the 20th century, this paper considers the long predominance of the vision of someone who inhabited an empty space separated from the body, and points toward contemporary perspectives, which have made the space between/in both more fluid and plastic. The theoretical contribution presented here indicated the need to include more unstable geometric configurations in the Labanian field and the creation of paths for the incarnation of concepts, which could represent these new interactions. As one of the areas of artistic research that underlies this narrative, the encounter with technology was initially explored as a way to broaden the body-space experience of the formal and informal participants of a performance. It offered the possibility of a scenic design that included the articulation between physical and virtual spaces and free-choice spatial connections. More recently, the relationship expanded in an interdisciplinary experience of scenic and choreographic creation in interactivity with computational processes. In the mentioned examples, what defines the choice of the technologies is the artistic and conceptual interest to investigate how each technology can collaborate in the creation, displacement and distortion of performative spaces.Keywords: Art and technology. Performing arts. Labanian field. Body-space. Immersive performance.

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New interactions of invadopodia scaffold protein TKS5 with proteins that take part in actin cytoskeleton reorganization, endo-/exocytosis and membrane remodeling

Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv ◽

10.7124/visnyk.utgis.16.2.1056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 183-189

Author(s):

Y. M. Nemesh ◽

S. V. Kropyvko

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Actin Cytoskeleton ◽

Scaffold Protein ◽

Scaffold Proteins ◽

Membrane Remodeling ◽

Sh3 Domains ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

Cytoskeleton Reorganization ◽

New Interactions ◽

Cytoskeleton Rearrangement

Aim. TKS5 is a key scaffold protein of invadopodia. In its absence, the cells completely lose the ability to form invadopodia. This fact makes TKS5 a potential target for cancer cure and one of the central proteins in the investigation of cancer cell invasion. Additionally, the question remains about the function of TKS5 in normal cells. Therefore, in order to extend knowledge about TKS5 role in healthy and invasive cells, we tested the TKS5 interaction with the proteins involved in signal transduction: PLCγ1, SRC, CRK, CSK; the proteins involved in plasma membrane remodeling: AMPH1, BIN1, CIN85, ITSN1, ITSN2; the protein involved in the actin cytoskeleton rearrangement: CTTN. Methods. We used the GST Pull-down assay to identify the protein-protein interaction. Results. We revealed that TKS5 SH3 domains interact with CIN85. There were identified TKS5 interactions with SH3 domains of CTTN, ITSN1, ITSN2, AMPH1 and BIN1. Conclusions. TKS5 interacts with CIN85, CTTN, ITSN1, ITSN2, AMPH1 and BIN1, which take part in membrane remodeling, endo-/exocytosis and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Keywords: TKS5, scaffold proteins, actin cytoskeleton, plasma membrane.

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