scholarly journals Secure Equality Testing Protocols in the Two-Party Setting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Nateghizad ◽  
Thijs Veugen ◽  
Zekeriya Erkin ◽  
Reginald L. Lagendijk
Keyword(s):  
Testing Protocols

scholarly journals Review of the Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell in Long-Term Operation: Main Influencing Parameters and Testing Protocols

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4048
Author(s):  
Huu Linh Nguyen ◽  
Jeasu Han ◽  
Xuan Linh Nguyen ◽  
Sangseok Yu ◽  
Young-Mo Goo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Transportation Applications ◽  
Testing Protocols

Durability is the most pressing issue preventing the efficient commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stationary and transportation applications. A big barrier to overcoming the durability limitations is gaining a better understanding of failure modes for user profiles. In addition, durability test protocols for determining the lifetime of PEMFCs are important factors in the development of the technology. These methods are designed to gather enough data about the cell/stack to understand its efficiency and durability without causing it to fail. They also provide some indication of the cell/stack’s age in terms of changes in performance over time. Based on a study of the literature, the fundamental factors influencing PEMFC long-term durability and the durability test protocols for both PEMFC stationary and transportation applications were discussed and outlined in depth in this review. This brief analysis should provide engineers and researchers with a fast overview as well as a useful toolbox for investigating PEMFC durability issues.

scholarly journals A novel metric of reliability in pressure pain threshold measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Liew ◽  
Ho Yin Lee ◽  
David Rügamer ◽  
Alessandro Marco De Nunzio ◽  
Nicola R. Heneghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Testing Protocols

AbstractThe inter-session Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a commonly investigated and clinically important metric of reliability for pressure pain threshold (PPT) measurement. However, current investigations do not account for inter-repetition variability when calculating inter-session ICC, even though a PPT measurement taken at different sessions must also imply different repetitions. The primary aim was to evaluate and report a novel metric of reliability in PPT measurement: the inter-session-repetition ICC. One rater recorded ten repetitions of PPT measurement over the lumbar region bilaterally at two sessions in twenty healthy adults using a pressure algometer. Variance components were computed using linear mixed-models and used to construct ICCs; most notably inter-session ICC and inter-session-repetition ICC. At 70.1% of the total variance, the source of greatest variability was between subjects ($${\sigma }_{subj}^{2}$$ σ subj 2 = 222.28 N2), whereas the source of least variability (1.5% total variance) was between sessions ($${\sigma }_{sess}^{2}$$ σ sess 2 = 4.83 N2). Derived inter-session and inter-session-repetition ICCs were 0.88 (95%CI: 0.77 to 0.94) and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.53 to 0.84) respectively. Inter-session-repetition ICC provides a more conservative estimate of reliability than inter-session ICC, with the magnitude of difference being clinically meaningful. Quantifying individual sources of variability enables ICC construction to be reflective of individual testing protocols.

scholarly journals Methods, Protocols, Guidance and Standards for Performance Evaluation for Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technologies: History, Current Status, Future Needs and Directions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Emily S. Bailey ◽  
Nikki Beetsch ◽  
Douglas A. Wait ◽  
Hemali H. Oza ◽  
Nirmala Ronnie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
Testing Protocols

It is estimated that 780 million people do not have access to improved drinking water sources and approximately 2 billion people use fecally contaminated drinking water. Effective point-of-use water treatment systems (POU) can provide water with sufficiently reduced concentrations of pathogenic enteric microorganisms to not pose significant health risks to consumers. Household water treatment (HWT) systems utilize various technologies that physically remove and/or inactivate pathogens. A limited number of governmental and other institutional entities have developed testing protocols to evaluate the performance of POU water treatment systems. Such testing protocols are essential to documenting effective performance because inferior and ineffective POU treatment technologies are thought to be in widespread use. This critical review examines specific practices, procedures and specification of widely available POU system evaluation protocols. Testing protocols should provide standardized and detailed instructions yet be sufficiently flexible to deal with different treatment technologies, test microbe priorities and choices, testing facility capabilities and public health needs. Appropriate infectivity or culture assays should be used to quantify test enteric bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasites, or other appropriate surrogates or substitutes for them, although processes based on physical removal can be tested by methods that detect microbes as particles. Recommendations include further research of stock microbe production and handling methods to consistently yield test microbes in a realistic state of aggregation and, in the case of bacteria, appropriately physiologically stressed. Bacterial quantification methods should address the phenomenon of bacterial injury and repair in order to maximally recover those that are culturable and potentially infectious. It is only with harmonized national and international testing protocols and performance targets that independent and unbiased testing can be done to assure consumers that POU treatment technologies are able to produce water of high microbial quality and low health risk.

scholarly journals Efficiency Accreditation and Testing Protocols for Particulate Photocatalysts toward Solar Fuel Production

Joule ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiliang Wang ◽  
Takashi Hisatomi ◽  
Rengui Li ◽  
Kazuhiro Sayama ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Testing Protocols

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of Cycle Profile on the Durability of Commercial Lithium Ion Power Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Radhakrishnan ◽  
T. Coupar ◽  
D. J. Nelson ◽  
M. W. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Wave Profile ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Capacity Fade ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Discharge Profile ◽  
Testing Protocols

The effect of the charge/discharge profile on battery durability is a critical factor for the application of batteries and for the design of appropriate battery testing protocols. In this work, commercial high-power prismatic lithium ion cells for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) were cycled using a pulse-heavy profile and a simple square-wave profile to investigate the effect of cycle profile on battery durability. The pulse-heavy profile was designed to simulate on-road conditions for a typical HEV, while the simplified square-wave profile was designed to have the same total charge throughput, but with lower peak currents. The 5 Ah batteries were cycled for 100 kAh with periodic performance tests to monitor the state of the batteries. Results indicate that, for the batteries tested, the capacity fade for the two profiles was very similar and was 11±0.5% compared to beginning of life (BOL). The change in internal resistance of the batteries during testing was also monitored and found to increase 21% and 12% compared to BOL for the pulse-heavy and square-wave profiles, respectively. The results suggest that simplified testing protocols using square-wave cycling may provide adequate insight into capacity fade behavior for more complex hybrid vehicle drive cycles.

Agreement between Compass Fundus Perimeter New Grid and 10-2 Testing Protocols for Detecting Central Visual Field Defects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin W. El-Nimri ◽  
Rafaella C. Penteado ◽  
Christopher Bowd ◽  
James A. Proudfoot ◽  
Huiyuan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Testing Protocols ◽  
Field Defects

The Optimum Power Load: A Simple and Powerful Tool for Testing and Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Irineu Loturco ◽  
Antonio Dello Iacono ◽  
Fábio Y. Nakamura ◽  
Tomás T. Freitas ◽  
Daniel Boullosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects ◽  
Testing Protocols ◽  
And Training

Purpose: The optimal power load is defined as the load that maximizes power output in a given exercise. This load can be determined through the use of various instruments, under different testing protocols. Specifically, the “optimum power load” (OPL) is derived from the load–velocity relationship, using only bar force and bar velocity in the power computation. The OPL is easily assessed using a simple incremental testing protocol, based on relative percentages of body mass. To date, several studies have examined the associations between the OPL and different sport-specific measures, as well as its acute and chronic effects on athletic performance. The aim of this brief review is to present and summarize the current evidence regarding the OPL, highlighting the main lines of research on this topic and discussing the potential applications of this novel approach for testing and training. Conclusions: The validity and simplicity of OPL-based schemes provide strong support for their use as an alternative to more traditional strength–power training strategies. The OPL method can be effectively used by coaches and sport scientists in different sports and populations, with different purposes and configurations.

Age Dependent and Anisotropic Material Properties of Immature Porcine Sclera

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jami M. Saffioti ◽  
Brittany Coats
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Anisotropic Material ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Anisotropic Properties ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Testing Protocols

Current finite element (FE) models of the pediatric eye are based on adult material properties [2,3]. To date, there are no data characterizing the age dependent material properties of ocular tissues. The sclera is a major load bearing tissue and an essential component to most computational models of the eye. In preparation for the development of a pediatric FE model, age-dependent and anisotropic properties of sclera were evaluated in newborn (3–5 days) and toddler (4 weeks) pigs. Data from this study will guide future testing protocols for human pediatric specimens.

Testing Protocols in the Intensive Care Unit

JAMA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Daniel Chiche ◽  
Derek C. Angus
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Testing Protocols
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