General considerations and highlights of low-lying coastal zones: passive continental margins from the poles to the tropics

2014 ◽  
Vol 388 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Peter Martini
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margins ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
The Tropics

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL BOULDERS BY TSUNAMI AND HIGH WAVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kiso ◽  
Tomohiro Yasuda ◽  
Nobuhito Mori ◽  
Andrew Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zones ◽  
The Past ◽  
Storm Waves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Laboratory Flume ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Observational Record

Boulders made of coral limestone transported shoreward have been observed many times in the tropics and subtropical coastal zones, and are called storm boulders or tsunami boulders. They can become lasting evidence of historical mega-tsunami or super typhoon occurrence during the past hundreds to thousands of years, even if no literature record remains. In recent years, a large number of surveys have been conducted worldwide, and the existence of large boulders has been found in several areas such as the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and other regions. Since there is limited observational record of their detailed motion, movement limit, and spatial distribution of transport by gigantic tsunami or storm waves, detailed movement mechanisms are still poorly known. This increases the difficulty of developing a model of boulder transport, and interpreting field observations. These hydrodynamic conditions are also directly related to structural loads of interest to engineers and planners. This study aims to measure transport characteristics of coastal boulders through a series of experiments in a tsunami-wave laboratory flume.

scholarly journals Seismic and Acoustic Monitoring of Submarine Landslides: Ongoing Challenges, Recent Successes and Future Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Clare ◽  
D. Gwyn Lintern ◽  
Ed Pope ◽  
Meg Baker ◽  
Sean Ruffell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Passive Seismic ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Global Data

Submarine landslides pose a hazard to coastal communities due to the tsunamis they can generate, and can damage critical seafloor infrastructure, such as the network of cables that underpin global data transfer and communications. These mass movements can be orders of magnitude larger than their onshore equivalents and are found on all of the world’s continental margins; from coastal zones to hadal trenches. Despite their prevalence, and importance to society, offshore monitoring studies have been limited by the largely unpredictable occurrence of submarine landslide and the need to cover large regions of extensive continental margins. Recent subsea monitoring has provided new insights into the preconditioning and run-out of submarine landslides using active geophysical techniques, but these tools only measure a very small spatial footprint, and are power and memory intensive, thus limiting long duration monitoring campaigns. Most landslide events therefore remain entirely unrecorded. Here we first show how passive acoustic and seismologic techniques can record acoustic emissions and ground motions created by terrestrial landslides. We then show how this terrestrial-focused research has catalysed advances in the detection and characterisation of submarine landslides, using both onshore and offshore networks of broadband seismometers, hydrophones and geophones. We then discuss some of the new insights into submarine landslide preconditioning, timing, location, velocity and their down-slope evolution that is arising from these advances. We finally outline some of the outstanding challenges, in particular emphasising the need for calibration of seismic and acoustic signals generated by submarine landslides and their run-out. Once confidence can be enhanced in submarine landslide signal detection and interpretation, passive seismic and acoustic sensing has strong potential to enable more complete hazard catalogues to be built, and opens the door to emerging techniques (such as fibre-optic sensing), to fill key, but outstanding, knowledge gaps concerning these important underwater phenomena.

scholarly journals Vulnerability to watershed erosion and coastal deposition in the tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor N. Browning ◽  
Derek E. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Land Development ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Watershed Erosion ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Global Population

AbstractOver half of the global population is projected to live in the tropics by 2050. Sustainable land development will be challenged by enhanced sediment erosion and deposition, which can negatively impact water quality and ecosystem services in inland and coastal waterways. Existing erosion assessments treat watersheds and coastal zones separately, but we connect them in a two-part vulnerability index to watershed erosion and coastal deposition at 0.0004° (~ 45 m) resolution throughout the tropics. We use open-source datasets and a simple, GIS-based method geared toward tropical, novice end-users. Part 1 of the index reveals a majority of the tropics is vulnerable to erosion. Vulnerability is highest where there are co-occurrences of earthquakes, steep slopes, and high precipitation such as the Caribbean and Southeast Asia. In Part 2, we assess erosion vulnerability at 4 watersheds and include their coastal systems, which can enhance or diminish vulnerability of the entire system to coastal deposition.

Pathology of Renal Diseases in the Tropics

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijitr Boonpucknavig ◽  
Virawudh Soontornniyomkij
Keyword(s):  
Renal Diseases ◽  
The Tropics

Assessment of land-use change in coastal areas through geographical information systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Karla Teresa González-Figueroa ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Jesús Montoya-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Computer Based

Objective: This article describes and analyzes the main concepts of coastal ecosystems, these as a result of research concerning land-use change assessments in coastal areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: Scientific articles were searched using keywords in English and Spanish. Articles regarding land-use change assessment in coastal areas were selected, discarding those that although being on coastal zones and geographic and soil identification did not use Geographic Information System (GIS). Results: A GIS is a computer-based tool for evaluating the land-use change in coastal areas by quantifying variations. It is analyzed through GIS and its contributions; highlighting its importance and constant monitoring. Limitations of the study/Implications: This research analyzes national and international scientific information, published from 2007 to 2019, regarding the land-use change in coastal areas quantified with the digital GIS tool. Findings/Conclusions: GIS are useful tools in the identification and quantitative evaluation of changes in land-use in coastal ecosystems; which require constant evaluation due to their high dynamism.

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