scholarly journals The distribution of Recent Radiolaria in surficial sediments of the continental margin off northern Namibia

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Robson
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
Benguela Current ◽  
Salinity Water

Abstract. 47 Species of radiolaria have been identified from 30 surface sediment samples collected along transects across the continental margin of northern Namibia between the Kunene River and Walvis Bay. From the distribution patterns of the 24 most abundant species, it was possible to identify a warm water, high salinity population and a cold water, low salinity population. The distribution patterns of each population shows a close correspondence with the known positions of the Angola Current (warm, high salinity water) and the Benguela Current (cold, low salinity water) respectively. Two other trends are apparent from the overall radiolaria distribution; dilution of the nearshore samples by terrigeneous input and a strong preference for open ocean conditions. There is no apparent correlation with upwelling.

scholarly journals Yield and ion content in maize irrigated with saline water in a continuous or alternating system

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1731-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe de Sousa Barbosa ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Gabriel Castro Farias ◽  
Ricardo José da Costa Silva Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Maize Plants

Irrigation with water containing salt in excess can affect crop development. However, management strategies can be used in order to reduce the impacts of salinity, providing increased efficiency in the use of good quality water. The objective of this research was to study the effects of use of high salinity water for irrigation, in continuous or cyclic manner, on vegetative growth, yield, and accumulation of ions in maize plants. Two experiments were conducted during the months from October to January of the years 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, in the same area, adopting a completely randomized block design with four replications. Irrigation was performed with three types of water with electrical conductivities (ECw) of 0.8 (A1), 2.25 (A2) and 4.5 (A3) dS m-1, combined in seven treatments including the control with low salinity water (A1) throughout the crop cycle (T1). Saline waters (A2 and A3) were applied continuously (T2 and T5) or in a cyclic way, the latter being formed by six irrigations with A1 water followed by six irrigations by eitherA2 or A3 water, starting with A1 at sowing (T3 and T6) or 6 irrigations with A2 or A3 water followed by 6 irrigations with A1 water (T4 and T7) . The use of low and high salinity water resulted in lower accumulation of potentially toxic ions (Na and Cl) and improvement in the Na/K balance in the shoots of maize plants. Application of saline water in a cyclic way also allows the substitution of about 50% of water of low salinity in irrigation, without negative impacts on maize yield.

scholarly journals Contrasting Response of the Eastern and Western North Atlantic Circulation to an Episodic Climate Event*

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1630-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan H. Chaudhuri ◽  
Avijit Gangopadhyay ◽  
James J. Bisagni
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract Regional observational studies in the North Atlantic have noted significant hydrographical shifts in 1997–98 because of the episodic drop in the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) during 1996. Investigation using a basin-scale model finds that, although the western North Atlantic (WNA) witnessed unusually low-salinity water by 1997, the eastern North Atlantic (ENA) simultaneously evidenced intrusions of high-salinity water at intermediate depths. This study shows that a major source of high salinity in the ENA is from the northward penetration of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) that occurred concurrently with a westward shift of the subpolar front. The authors confirm that the low-salinity intrusion in the WNA is from enhanced Labrador Current flow. Results from climatological high- and low-NAO simulations suggest that the NAO-induced circulation changes that occurred in 1997–98 are a characteristic North Atlantic basin response to different forcing conditions during characteristic high- and low-NAO periods.

Comparison of evaporation rates for seawater and brine from reverse osmosis in traditional salt works: empirical correlations

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A. Rodríguez ◽  
Dunia E. Santiago ◽  
Nut Franquiz Suárez ◽  
J. A. Ortega Méndez ◽  
José M. Veza
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Evaporation Ponds ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salt Works ◽  
Low Salinity Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
The Difference

The use of evaporation ponds is one alternative to direct disposal of desalination brine. Evaporation ponds are shallow basins that expose their contents to the environment, reducing liquid volume by means of evaporation. As they resemble traditional salt works that customarily use seawater, evaporation ponds were analyzed for their use for brine desalination management. In order to numerically evaluate this modification, a comparative study of the evaporation rate achieved in both traditional salt works and in evaporation ponds was carried out. Two equations were obtained for each estimation. The numerical expressions are specific for high salinity water as opposed to those available for low salinity water. These equations show the influence of fluid nature, the effect of wind and the lower brine evaporation capacity. It was observed in this study that the difference in brine evaporation capacity through the use of seawater is low enough to indicate that the use of brine in traditional salt works allows an increase in salt production without necessarily multiplying the surface required for evaporation.

scholarly journals Mesoscale eddies and submesoscale structures of Persian Gulf Water off the Omani coast in Spring 2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2743-2782
Author(s):  
P. L'Hégaret ◽  
X. Carton ◽  
S. Louazel ◽  
G. Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Mesoscale Eddies ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Persian Gulf Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Sea Of Oman

Abstract. The Persian Gulf produces a high salinity water (Persian Gulf Water, PGW hereafter) flowing into the Sea of Oman, in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Past the Strait of Hormuz, the PGW cascades down the continental slope and spreads in the Sea of Oman under the influence of the energetic mesoscale eddies with different thermohaline signatures and pathways depending of the season. In spring 2011, the Phys-Indien experiment was carried out in the Arabian Sea an in the Sea of Oman. This study uses the results from the measurements to characterize the water masses, their thermohaline and dynamical signatures. During the spring intermonsoon, an anticyclonic eddy is often observed at the mouth of the Sea of Oman. This structure was present in 2011 and created a front between the eastern and western part of the basin. As well two energetic gyres were present along the Omani coast in the Arabian Sea. At their peripheries, injections of fresh and cold water are found in relation with the stirring of the eddies. The PGW observed below or between these eddies have a different dilution depending of the position and formation periods of the gyres. Furthermore, in the western Sea of Oman, the PGW is fragmented in filaments and submesoscale eddies. As well, recirculation of the PGW is observed, thus having the presence of salty nearby patches with two densities. Offshore, in the Arabian Sea, a submesoscale lens was recorded. The different mechanisms leading to its formation and presence are assessed here.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SESAME GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF SALINE WATER APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-499
Author(s):  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
CASSIANO NOGUEIRA DE LACERDA ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
RAILENE HÉRICA CARLOS ROCHA ARAÚJO
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Sesame Genotypes ◽  
Total Seed

ABSTRACT In semiarid areas, the scarcity of water with low salt concentration associated with irregular precipitation becomes a limiting factor to ensure agricultural production. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and production of sesame genotypes under different strategies of use of saline water. The experiment was conducted under protected environment conditions, using a randomized block design in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, and the treatments consisted of six strategies for the use of saline water in the different stages of plant development (SE = irrigation with low-salinity water throughout the cultivation cycle; VE, FL, FR, VE/FL and VE/FR - respectively, irrigation with high-salinity water at the vegetative stage, flowering, fruiting, vegetative/flowering and vegetative/fruiting) and two sesame genotypes (BRS Seda and BRS Anahí), with 4 replicates. Irrigation with high-salinity water (ECw = 2.7 dS m-1) during the vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages did not compromise sesame production. There were reductions in sesame growth when irrigation with high-salinity water was continuously applied at the vegetative/flowering stages and in sesame production when it was applied during the vegetative/flowering and vegetative/fruiting stages. The greater growth of BRS Seda sesame plants resulted in an increase in the total number of fruits and in the total seed weight.

Monthly Water Exchange through the Ryukyu Islands Revealed by Salinity Structural Changes

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2335-2339
Author(s):  
Ya Pan Liu ◽  
Jian Cheng Kang ◽  
Jiong Zhu ◽  
Qin Chen Han
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
World Ocean Atlas

Using salinity database of World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09) issued by NOAA in 2010, refer the range of high-salinity tongue to indicate the strength about high-salinity water, from the perspective of structural changes of salinity; the water exchange through Ryukyu Islands upper 500 m have been analyzed, the results show that: due to Ryukyu Trough, currents on both sides of Ryukyu Islands occur exchange, for upper 500 m, high-salinity water in east of the Ryukyu Islands mainly invade the west waterthe Kuroshio in East China Sea; the intrusion strength is powerful from the depth of 100 m to 200 m, and the 150 m layer is the core layer of high-salinity water intrusion; the high-salinity water at the east of Ryukyu Islands invades the Kuroshio are stronger in March, May, June, September, October and November, are weaker in April and December.

scholarly journals Mesoscale eddies and submesoscale structures of Persian Gulf Water off the Omani coast in spring 2011

Ocean Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre L'Hégaret ◽  
Xavier Carton ◽  
Stephanie Louazel ◽  
Guillaume Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Mesoscale Eddies ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Strait Of Hormuz ◽  
Persian Gulf Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Sea Of Oman

Abstract. The Persian Gulf produces high-salinity water (Persian Gulf Water, PGW hereafter), which flows into the Sea of Oman via the Strait of Hormuz. Beyond the Strait of Hormuz, the PGW cascades down the continental slope and spreads in the Sea of Oman under the influence of the energetic mesoscale eddies. The PGW outflow has different thermohaline characteristics and pathways, depending on the season. In spring 2011, the Phys-Indien experiment was carried out in the Arabian Sea and in the Sea of Oman. The Phys-Indien 2011 measurements, as well as satellite observations, are used here to characterize the circulation induced by the eddy field and its impact on the PGW pathway and evolution. During the spring intermonsoon, an anticyclonic eddy is often observed at the mouth of the Sea of Oman. It creates a front between the eastern and western parts of the basin. This structure was observed in 2011 during the Phys-Indien experiment. Two energetic eddies were also present along the southern Omani coast in the Arabian Sea. At their peripheries, ribbons of freshwater and cold water were found due to the stirring created by the eddies. The PGW characteristics are strongly influenced by these eddies. In the western Sea of Oman, in 2011, the PGW was fragmented into filaments and submesoscale eddies. It also recirculated locally, thus creating salty layers with different densities. In the Arabian Sea, a highly saline submesoscale lens was recorded offshore. Its characteristics are analyzed here and possible origins are proposed. The recurrence of such lenses in the Arabian Sea is also briefly examined.

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the potential for mangrove oyster cultivation in Piraquê-açu river estuary (Aracruz, ES)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Alvarenga ◽  
Rosebel Cunha Nalesso
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Fouling Organisms ◽  
Oyster Cultivation

At Piraquê-açu river estuary, Aracruz, ES, the technical viability of Crassostrea rhizophorae cultivation was determined through monthly measures in shell length and weight. Seeds of C. rhizophorae were put in cages and suspended in rafts. Increase in height and weight (flesh and dry) of the oysters was measured. During ten months (July/98 to May/99), oyster shell reached an average of 37.6 mm in shell height and 3.0 g in flesh weight (the whole animal). High mortality rates were registered and could be related to the high salinity water and to high predation observed, especially by flatworms Stylochophana divae and snails Cymatium parthenopeum, as well as fouling organisms such as barnacles, Serpulidae polychaetes and seed of the same species.

Effective removal of 60Co from high-salinity water by Ca–Mg phosphate sorbents

2018 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 2341-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Ivanets ◽  
Natalja Kitikova ◽  
Irina Shashkova ◽  
Artem Radkevich ◽  
Lyudmila Shemet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Salinity Water
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