Effect of Ion Source Current on the Microstructure and Properties of Cr-DLC Coatings Prepared by Ion Beam-Assisted Arc Ion Plating

NANO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750053
Author(s):  
Yao Cai ◽  
Huidong Liu ◽  
Ye Ma ◽  
Qiang Wan ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Arc Ion Plating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Plating ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
And Performance

Cr-containing diamond-like carbon (Cr-DLC) nanocomposite coatings were synthesized by ion beam-assisted arc ion plating with varying hollow cathode ion source (HCIS) currents. The morphologies, compositions and microstructures were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-Ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Hardness and friction coefficient were investigated by using nanoindentation and ball-on-disc tribometer, respectively. With no HCIS current, the coating exhibits the maximal growth rate and a rough surface, as well as lower hardness and elastic modulus. With the increasing HCIS current from 40[Formula: see text]A to 80[Formula: see text]A, the growth rate and the content of chromium carbide decrease obviously, the [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio increases initially to the maximum at the HCIS current of 60[Formula: see text]A, the highest hardness and elastic modulus are obtained at the HCIS current of 50[Formula: see text]A. It is also revealed that moderate HCIS current can reduce surface roughness obviously and promote tribological properties. The correlation of the HCIS current with the microstructure and performance of Cr-DLC coating has been established.

scholarly journals Design and Performance of the X-ray Polarimeter X-Calibur

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1440008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beilicke ◽  
F. Kislat ◽  
A. Zajczyk ◽  
Q. Guo ◽  
R. Endsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Field Orientation ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Detector Assembly

X-ray polarimetry promises to give qualitatively new information about high-energy astrophysical sources, such as binary black hole systems, micro-quasars, active galactic nuclei, neutron stars, and gamma-ray bursts. We designed, built and tested a X-ray polarimeter, X-Calibur, to be used in the focal plane of the balloon-borne InFOCμS grazing incidence X-ray telescope. X-Calibur combines a low-Z scatterer with a Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detector assembly to measure the polarization of 20–80 keV X-rays making use of the fact that polarized photons scatter preferentially perpendicular to the electric field orientation. X-Calibur achieves a high detection efficiency of ≃80%. The X-Calibur detector assembly is completed, tested, and fully calibrated. The response to a polarized X-ray beam was measured successfully at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source. This paper describes the design, calibration and performance of the X-Calibur polarimeter. In principle, a similar space-borne scattering polarimeter could operate over the broader 2–100 keV energy band.

The theory, manufacture, structure and performance of n.p.l. x-ray gratings

1975 ◽  
Vol 277 (1271) ◽  
pp. 503-543 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scalar Diffraction ◽  
And Performance

X-ray gratings have been developed for use in the wavelength region of 0.01-20 nm, where it is required to employ a grazing incidence configuration. The gratings have a rectangular profile and radiation is diffracted both from the tops and bottoms of the grooves. They therefore differ from blazed gratings, used at grazing incidence, in that a substantial portion of the grating participates in the diffraction process. A scalar diffraction theory has been developed which demonstrates that grating diffraction efficiency varies periodically with wavelength, pitch, groove depth and incidence angle. The theory can be used to optimize grating parameters for most efficient use in any selected region of the spectrum. The gratings are produced by processing a ruled 300 lines per millimetre master grating, so that surface profile defects introduced by ruling are eliminated. Grating performance has been assessed by means of a specially designed grating analyser in addition to spectrometers and a spectrograph. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with theory. At very short wavelengths of 0.05 nm and grazing incidence angles of about 5', the diffraction efficiency in the first order is below 1 %. The efficiency rises rapidly to between 5 and 10 % at 0.15 nm and to 20 % in the 1 nm region where the incidence angles are typically a few degrees.

Microstructural and tribological characterization of DLC coating by in-situ duplex plasma nitriding and arc ion plating

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 107473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Lan ◽  
Zhifeng Ma ◽  
Chunji Wang ◽  
Guoying Lu ◽  
Yanyan Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Arc Ion Plating ◽  
Ion Plating ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Tribological Characterization

scholarly journals Study of focused-ion-beam–induced structural and compositional modifications in nanoscale bilayer systems by combined grazing incidence x ray reflectivity and fluorescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 044324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Arac ◽  
David M. Burn ◽  
David S. Eastwood ◽  
Thomas P. A. Hase ◽  
Del Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray

Microstructure, Hardness and Oxidation Resistance of CrN and CrAlN Coatings Synthesized by Multi-Arc Ion Plating Technology

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 2430-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hai Cai ◽  
Zhang Ping ◽  
Yue Lan Di
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Arc Ion Plating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Plating ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Crn Coatings

Approximately 2 μm thick CrN and CrAlN coatings were synthesized on silicon and spring steel substrate by multi-arc ion plating technology. The nanoindentation techniques, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and oxidation furnace were used to investigate the mechanical property, oxidation resistance and microstructure of the coatings. The XRD data showed that the CrN and CrAlN coatings exhibited B1 NaCl structure. Nanoindentation measurements showed that as-deposited CrN and CrAlN coatings exhibited a hardness of 19 and 30 GPa respectively. Compared with CrN coatings, the CrAlN composite coatings show much better oxidation resistance. And the oxidation resistance ability will enhance with increasing Al content, because A12O3 will form after oxidation in high temperature condition which could reduce the diffusivity ability of oxygen.

Principles and Performance of a PC-Based Program for Simulation of Grazing Incidence X-Ray Reflectivity Profiles

1991 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wormington ◽  
D. K. Bowen ◽  
B. K. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Fringe Visibility ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selective Loss ◽  
Benchmark Tests ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACTWe describe PC- based software which calculates grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity profiles from model thin film structures, including interface grading. We discuss the mathematical principles of the model and benchmark tests for speed of operation on two PC compatible machines are presented. Curvature of the specimen results in selective loss of fringe visibility at low scattering vectors and is treated rigorously. We discuss the treatment of roughness and use a generalized formula that is valid at large and small values of the reflectivity; its effects are illustrated using the program.

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