THE ROLE OF INNOVATION LEADERS IN DEVELOPING LONG-TERM PRODUCTS

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN TOPALIAN
Keyword(s):  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Management Of Innovation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Continuous Stream

Leadership and innovation attract increasing attention as business enterprises enter the 21st century. There is a considerable volume of published material on both these topics, yet virtually nothing on the contribution of innovation leaders to the effective management of innovation. A prime duty of innovation leaders is to deliver a continuous stream of profitable innovations over time, by harnessing internal and external resources. This paper explores the role of these individuals in evolving a more systematic approach to enhance innovative performance within their organisations. The perspective adopted is that of radical step change required when planning "long-term" products and services that are at least two generations ahead of those currently on the market. For most organisations, this represents a planning horizon of at least ten years. The discussion draws on the findings of a research survey carried out in the United Kingdom for the British Standards Institution which guided the content of the new British Standard BS7000 Part 1 Guide to Managing Innovation.

Social Cohesion, Breaks, and Transformations in Italy, 535–600

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Pohl
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Classical Culture

When the Gothic War began in Italy in 535, the country still conserved many features of classical culture and late antique administration. Much of that was lost in the political upheavals of the following decades. Building on Chris Wickham’s work, this contribution sketches an integrated perspective of these changes, attempting to relate the contingency of events to the logic of long-term change, discussing political options in relation to military and economic means, and asking in what ways the erosion of consensus may be understood in a cultural and religious context. What was the role of military entrepreneurs of more or less barbarian or Roman extraction in the distribution or destruction of resources? How did Christianity contribute to the transformation of ancient society? The old model of barbarian invasions can contribute little to understanding this complex process. It is remarkable that for two generations, all political strategies in Italy ultimately failed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 related mortality in post-operative cardiac surgical patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Hussain ◽  
Amina Khalil ◽  
Priyanka Kolvekar ◽  
Prity Gupta ◽  
Shyamsunder Kolvekar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Elective Cardiac Surgery ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Cardiac Operations ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic of unprecedented proportions. Elective cardiac surgery has been universally postponed with only urgent and emergency cardiac operations being performed. The National Health Service in the United Kingdom introduced national measures to conserve intensive care beds and significantly limit elective activity shortly after lockdown. Case presentation We report two cases of early post-operative mortality secondary to COVID-19 infection immediately prior to the implementation of these widespread measures. Conclusion The role of cardiac surgery in the presence of COVID-19 is still very unpredictable and further studies on both short term and long term outcomes are warranted.

Reflection on Political Representation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-655
Author(s):  
Isabel Kusche
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Parliamentary Debate ◽  
Constituency Service ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Positive Light

Abstract This article compares how Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom and Ireland reflect on constituency service as an aspect of political representation. It differs from existing research on the constituency role of mps in two regards. First, it approaches the question from a sociological viewpoint that emphasizes the process character of role-taking and its need for validation by others. Second, instead of relying on interviews and surveys it analyses how mps refer to aspects of constituency work in parliamentary debate. This choice of empirical material opens up a long-term view on reflections of constituency service that either validate or question understandings of the constituency role. Although mps in both countries are heavily engaged in constituency work, the analysis reveals important differences in this regard, with Irish mps recurrently criticizing their own role in the constituency, while British mps unequivocally see it in a positive light.

scholarly journals Cardiotoxicity and Chemotherapy—The Role of Precision Medicine

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Thyla Viswanathan ◽  
Chim C. Lang ◽  
Russell D. Petty ◽  
Mark A. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Short And Long Term

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the United Kingdom. Many systemic anticancer treatments are associated with short- and long-term cardiotoxicity. With improving cancer survival and an ageing population, identifying those patients at the greatest risk of cardiotoxicity from their cancer treatment is becoming a research priority and has led to a new subspecialty: cardio-oncology. In this concise review article, we discuss cardiotoxicity and systemic anticancer therapy, with a focus on chemotherapy. We also discuss the challenge of identifying those at risk and the role of precision medicine as we strive for a personalised approach to this clinical scenario.

scholarly journals Top Management Capabilities and Firm Efficiency: Relationship via Resources Acquisition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-118
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sualeh Khattak ◽  
Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Management Capabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Considering the deficiency of resources in SMEs, a number of studies have been shown interest in the determinants of external resources acquisition but the results are fragmented. Particularly, the role of Top Management Capabilities (TMC) in resource acquisition and efficiency in the SME sector has been neglected. This study discusses the role of TMC—being intangible resources in SMEs’ efficiency with a mediating role of resource acquisition. This research is quantitative in nature and collected cross-sectional data through a structured questionnaire from 311 owners and managers of Pakistani SMEs. After analyzing the model using AMOS, the results indicate that TMC significantly facilitate firms in resource acquisition and enhance their efficiency; however, resource acquisition partially mediates the relationship between TMC and SMEs efficiency. This research recommends that SMEs should focus on TMC (instead of blindly investing money in other strategies) in order to acquire valuable tangible and intangible that are necessary for long term survival and efficiency. Further implications are discussed for owners, managers and practitioners.

Role of Cancer Treatment in Long-Term Overall and Cardiovascular Mortality After Childhood Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1308-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markhaba Tukenova ◽  
Catherine Guibout ◽  
Odile Oberlin ◽  
Françoise Doyon ◽  
Abdeddahir Mousannif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Cardiac Mortality ◽  
The United Kingdom

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the role of treatment in long-term overall and cardiovascular mortality after childhood cancer. Patients and Methods We studied 4,122 5-year survivors of a childhood cancer diagnosed before 1986 in France and the United Kingdom. Information on chemotherapy was collected, and the radiation dose delivered to the heart was estimated for 2,870 patients who had received radiotherapy. Results After 86,453 person-years of follow-up (average, 27 years), 603 deaths had occurred. The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 8.3-fold higher (95% CI, 7.6-fold to 9.0-fold higher) in relation to the general populations in France and the United Kingdom. Thirty-two patients had died as a result of cardiovascular diseases (ie, 5.0-fold [95% CI, 3.3-fold to 6.7-fold] more than expected). The risk of dying as a result of cardiac diseases (n = 21) was significantly higher in individuals who had received a cumulative anthracycline dose greater than 360 mg/m2 (relative risk [RR], 4.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 15.3) and in individuals who received an average radiation dose that exceeded 5 Gy (RR, 12.5 and 25.1 for 5 to 14.9 Gy and > 15 Gy, respectively) to the heart. A linear relationship was found between the average dose of radiation to the heart and the risk of cardiac mortality (estimated excess RR at 1 Gy, 60%). Conclusion This study is the first, to our knowledge, to establish a relationship between the radiation dose received by the heart during radiotherapy for a childhood cancer and long-term cardiac mortality. This study also confirms a significant excess risk of cardiac mortality associated with a high cumulative dose of anthracyclines.

A Preliminary Chemical Toxicity Assessment for the Nirex Disposal Concept

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Askarieh ◽  
R. Atkinson ◽  
A. J. Baker ◽  
A. V. Chambers ◽  
T. G. Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
Term Management

ABSTRACTThe role of Nirex is to provide the United Kingdom with safe, environmentally sound and publicly acceptable options for the long-term management of all intermediate level and some low level radioactive waste. Nirex has developed its Phased Disposal Concept as one option for the long-term management of radioactive materials. The Phased Disposal Concept represents a stepwise and reversible approach to the disposal of radioactive waste within a deep geological repository that involves the immobilisation of wastes in containers (mainly fabricated from stainless steel) that are surrounded by a cementitious backfill.The wastes for potential disposal contain materials that may require consideration on the basis of their potential non-radiological hazards. This paper describes a preliminary two-stage methodology for assessing the post-closure impact of the disposal of chemically toxic materials to a conceptual Nirex repository. The study suggests some materials either exceeded current estimates of safe levels, or their impact could not be quantified at this stage but was considered to be of concern. These materials included beryllium, phenol, benzene, and nitrite.

Competitive Clientelism and the Political Economy of Mining in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Bebbington ◽  
Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai ◽  
Denise Humphreys Bebbington ◽  
Marja Hinfelaar ◽  
Cynthia A. Sanborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mineral Rents

This chapter highlights the centrality of clientelist political pressures in explaining why over 100 years of mineral resource extraction has failed to translate into broad-based development in Ghana. Contrary to studies that highlight the role of inclusive political settlements for the effective management of mineral rents, we find that broad-based elite inclusion also risks undermining the effective management of rents for long-term development in contexts where rents are deployed with the aim of ‘buying-off’ elites who can potentially undermine the stability of ruling coalitions. All ruling coalitions have allocated significant shares of mineral rents to chiefs not necessarily for the socio-economic development of mineral-rich communities, but mainly because political elites want to avoid provoking resistance from a group that brokers land and votes in rural areas. Under such circumstances, inclusive political settlements may at best result in unproductive peace, as substantial mineral resources are shared for consumption rather than development.

The Role of the Government Actuary's Department in Social Security in the United Kingdom

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Daykin
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

ABSTRACTThe Government Actuary's Department (GAD) came into being in 1919, originally arising from the perceived importance of applying actuarial skills to the financing of the United Kingdom social security system. Whilst the GAD has changed considerably over the years, and now operates as a publicly owned consulting firm, social security and related policy and regulatory advice remain at the core of the Government Actuary's role. This paper explores the nature of the role of the GAD in the social security area, and provides examples of the scope of GAD reports on the long-term finances of the National Insurance Fund. A brief description is given of some of the other areas of GAD's work.

scholarly journals Crossing and Conversion among North Korean Refugee-Migrants

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Jin-Heon Jung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
The South ◽  
North Korean Refugee ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Role Of Religion

While pivotal in the lives of North Korean refugee-migrants, the role of religion has been largely neglected in most studies. After being exposed to Protestant missionary networks, either while dwelling in Northeast China or en route to the South, about 80 percent of North Korean refugee-migrants arriving in South Korea affiliate themselves with Protestant churches. This implies that they are exposed to Protestant missionary networks either while dwelling in Northeast China or en route to the South. Some who leave South Korea for other countries or seek asylum in non-Korean societies develop their religiosity in various ways and for various reasons, as part of their aspirations, adjustment to new homes, and search for meaning. The present study aims to address this literature gap. Based on long-term ethnographic research with North Korean refugee-migrants living in South Korea, China, and Europe, the two ethnographic vignettes presented in this article represent those who are in Germany and the United Kingdom by discussing the religious encounters and conversions through which North Korean refugee-migrants make their lives and futures. It draws attention to religion as a lens through which the migrants’ negotiation of meanings, new selves and homelands, and hopes for the future can be better illuminated. The findings of this study suggest that when North Korean Christians experience religious conversion during their perilous journeys, it not only helps them to negotiate a new sense of belonging in their host societies, but it also mobilizes them to contest the existing order of things.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document