A DEDICATED TORSION BALANCE TO DETECT NEUTRINOS BY COHERENT SCATTERING ON HIGH DEBYE TEMPERATURE MONOCRYSTALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1719-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CRUCERU ◽  
G. NICOLESCU ◽  
O. G. DULIU
Keyword(s):  
Debye Temperature ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Torsion Balance ◽  
Molybdenum Wire ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Small Rotation

The possibility of detecting neutrinos by coherent scattering on high Debye temperature monocrystals such as sapphire is presented and discussed. Preliminary estimations showed that 1 MeV neutrinos with a fluency density of 1012 cm-2 s-1 could interact with a force of about 10-6 dyn with a 100 g sapphire monocrystal. A torsion balance provided with 1 m length molybdenum wire and an optical autocollimator able to measure small rotation angles of about 0.1 arcsec could give positive results. The design of a high sensitivity torsion balance under construction provided with such a detector is presented and discussed.

DETECTION OF SOLAR NEUTRINOS BY COHERENT SCATTERING IN HIGH-DEBYE TEMPERATURE MONOCRYSTALS

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 2773-2782 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADALINA CRUCERU ◽  
G. NICOLESCU ◽  
O. G. DULIU ◽  
I. CRUCERU
Keyword(s):  
Debye Temperature ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Solar Neutrinos ◽  
Torsion Balance ◽  
Experimental Results

The possibility of detecting solar neutrinos by coherent scattering in high-Debye temperature monocrystals such as sapphire is presented and discussed. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the solar neutrinos flux (0–430 keV) produces an observable torque of a high-sensitive torsion balance. Our experiments give a result for the diurnal force as predicted by Weber's theory of enhanced solar neutrinos coherent scattering.

scholarly journals High Sensitivity Torsion Balance Tests for LISA Proof Mass Modeling

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schlamminger ◽  
C. A. Hagedorn ◽  
M. G. Famulare ◽  
S. E. Pollack ◽  
J. H. Gundlach
Keyword(s):  
Proof Mass ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Torsion Balance ◽  
Balance Tests

scholarly journals Clinical Value of Multiplexed Bead-Based Immunoassays for Detection of Autoantibodies to Nuclear Antigens

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Avaniss-Aghajani ◽  
Sophia Berzon ◽  
Arlen Sarkissian
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Test System ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Relative Specificity ◽  
Positive Results

ABSTRACT The advent of multiplexed bead assays in recent years has introduced a new dimension of testing for complex diseases such as lupus, which can involve multiple autoantibodies. The ability to rapidly identify multiple autoantibodies, with high sensitivity and specificity in an automated fashion, is highly attractive. The aim of this study was to assess the performance and clinical value of multiplexed bead-based (AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA-II test system) immunoassays both by comparing the results with those achieved by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (IFA) or conventional enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and by independent identification of autoantibodies in well-characterized samples. To achieve this goal, 984 samples were tested for seven analytes (SS/A, SS/B, Sm, RNP, Scl-70, double-stranded DNA [dsDNA], and centromere B) in both traditional and bead-based assays. The average concordance for the different analytes was 91%, ranging from 81% (dsDNA) to 97% (centromere B). The average relative specificity and sensitivity for the analytes were also high, 92% and 81%, respectively. An examination of 93 “normal controls” demonstrated a 7% false-positive rate, which was comparable to IFA. Percentages of different autoantibodies found in patients with a variety of disease conditions (34 with calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia; 41 with mixed connective tissue disease; 24 with scleroderma; and 35 with Sjogren's syndrome) were well within the range expected from each group. A scrutiny of results from AtheNA and EIA and Farr results for 185 systemic lupus erythematosus samples revealed comparable results by both methods, with the exception of SS/A and dsDNA, where AtheNA had a higher percentage of SS/A-positive results compared to EIA (51% versus 29%) and a lower percentage of dsDNA-positive results (18% versus 28% at a cutoff of 5 IU/ml).

scholarly journals The Use of Cryogenic Techniques to Achieve High Sensitivity in Gravitational Wave Detectors

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Boughn ◽  
W. M. Fairbank ◽  
M. S. McASHAN ◽  
H. J. Paik ◽  
R. C. Taber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cryogenic Detectors ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Gravitational Wave Detectors ◽  
Low Temperature Performance ◽  
Under Construction

Cryogenic detectors for gravitational wave astronomy promise greatly improved sensitivity over room temperature detectors. The 3 mK detector which we have under construction should give an improvement of 106 over existing detectors. The cryogenic antennae are described and the calculated low temperature performance is detailed. New superconducting instrumentation is described.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-SENSITIVITY TORSION BALANCE TO INVESTIGATE THE THERMAL CASIMIR FORCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
TODD GRAVESON ◽  
CHARLES RACKSON ◽  
WOO-JOONG KIM
Keyword(s):  
Casimir Force ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Torsion Balance ◽  
Surface Patch ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Electric Force ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Actual Contribution

We report development of a high-sensitivity torsion balance to measure the thermal Casimir force. Special emphasis is placed on experimental investigations of a possible surface electric force originating from surface patch potentials that have been recently noticed by several experimental groups. By gaining a proper understanding of the actual contribution of the surface electric force in real materials, we aim to undertake precision force measurements to resolve the Casimir force at finite temperature in real metals, as well as in other semiconducting materials, such as graphene.

scholarly journals Easily Performed Functional Flow Cytometry Assay for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (HIT): Correlation with Clinical Presentation, Immunoassay and Serotonin-Release Assay

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2601-2601
Author(s):  
Michal Cipok ◽  
Varda R Deutsch ◽  
Ismail Elalamy ◽  
Ilya Kirgner ◽  
Sigi Kay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Functional Assays ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background: Reliable diagnosis of HIT is mandatory for patient management. Commonly used antibody-detecting immunoassays carry certain limitations compared to functional assays which determine antibody-mediated platelet activation. However, current functional assays are limited by feasibility. The functional test for detecting platelet-activating antibodies is the [14C] serotonin-release (14C-SRA), considered the gold standard assay, (Sheridan D et al, Blood1986;67:27), is not commonly performed as it includes the use of a radiolabeled C14 and requires expertise to obtain reliable. Aims: We aimed to overcome these limitations by developing a simple functional flow cytometric assay (FCA) and assess its sensitivity and specificity as compared to a widely used immunoassay and the radioactive serotonin-release assay (SRA) in correlation with clinical presentation of HIT. Methods: Samples from patients clinically suspected for HIT were routinely tested by the PF4/H-PaGIA immunoassay (DiaMed, Switzerland), followed by the functional FCA which determines the capacity of the patient's serum to induce platelet activation in the presence of heparin, and the results were compared to those of the SRA. The assays results were correlated with the HIT presentation based on the 4Ts score. Results: Of 649 samples sent to the routine coagulation laboratory , 99 (15.3%) were positive by the H/PF4-PaGIA and 31 (4.8%) by the FCA. Out of 23 double positive samples that were further tested, 19 were positive by the radioactive SRA (82.6%, relative sensitivity). Of 32 PaGIA-positive but FCA-negative samples, 30 (93.8%) were also negative by the SRA, and 10 samples negative by both tests were all negative by the SRA. Overall, of 42 negative samples by FCA, 40 were negative by the SRA showing relative specificity of 95.2%. Following sample dilution of 1:32 (Nellen V. et al, Haematologica 2012;97:89), the H/PF4-PaGIA-positive results decreased to 29 (4.5%), constituting a 70.6% reduction, whereas the number of FCA-positive results (4.8%) remained consistent, indicating the specificity and the high sensitivity of the assay following high dilution. Forty normal samples were all negative by both assays.The overall agreement between the FCA and the PF4/H-PaGIA immunoassay following dilution was 93.1% for positive (sensitivity) and 94.3% for negative results (specificity). Overall, the FCA showed significantly higher correlation with the clinical presentation of HIT (4Ts score) compared to the PF4/H-PaGIA (ROC-plot analysis, AUC 0.93 vs. 0.63, p<0.001). At a cut-off level of 92% sensitivity, the respective specificity of the FCA was 96%. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the easily performed functional FCA is practical for routine daily use, providing reliable results for initial diagnosis, as well as confirmation of HIT. Disclosures Kirgner: Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center: Consultancy. Tomer:Aaron Tomer: Patents & Royalties: Pending patent.

scholarly journals Benzene Derivatives from Ink Lead to False Positive Results in Neonatal Hyperphenylalaninemia Screening with Ninhydrin Fluorometric Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Shuren Feng ◽  
Joanne Mei ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Ping Luo ◽  
Xiaonan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Benzene Derivatives ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Positive Results

Ninhydrin-based fluorometric quantification of phenylalanine is one of the most widely used methods for hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) screening in neonates due to its high sensitivity, high accuracy, and low cost. Here we report an increase of false positive cases in neonatal HPA screening with this method, caused by contamination of blood specimen collection devices during the printing process. Through multiple steps of verification, the contaminants were identified from ink circles printed on the collection devices to indicate the positions and sizes of blood drops. Blood specimens from HPA-negative persons collected on these contaminated collection devices showed positive results in the fluorometric tests, but negative results in tandem mass spectroscopy (MS/MS) experiments. Contaminants on the collection devices could be extracted by 80% ethanol and showed an absorption peak around 245 nm, suggesting that these contaminants may contain benzene derivatives with similar structure to phenylalanine. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the ethanol extracts from contaminated collection devices identified two prominent peaks specifically from the devices. Methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate (MBB, CAS#606-28-0) was found as one of the major chemicals from contaminated collection devices. This report aims to remind colleagues in the field of this potential contamination and call for tighter regulation and quality control of specimen collection devices.

scholarly journals A Clinical TB Detection Method Based on Molecular Typing Technique with Quality Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tienan Feng ◽  
Yan Cheng ◽  
Suwen Yu ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Min Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Quality Control Scheme ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Typing Technique

The gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is the detection of tubercle bacillus in patient sputum samples. However, current methods either require long waiting times to culture the bacteria or have a risk of getting false-positive results due to cross-contamination. In this study, a method to detect tubercle bacillus based on the molecular typing technique is presented. This method can detect genetic units, variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR), which are the characteristic of tuberculosis (TB), and performs quality control using a mathematical model, ensuring the reliability of the results. Compared to other methods, the proposed method was able to process and diagnose a large volume of samples in a run time of six hours, with high sensitivity and specificity. Our method is also in the pipeline for implementation in clinical testing. Reliable and confirmed results are stored into a database, and these data are used to further refine the model. As the volume of data processed from reliable samples increases, the diagnostic power of the model improves. In addition to improving the quality control scheme, the collected data can be also used to support other TB research, such as that regarding the evolution of the tubercle bacillus.

scholarly journals DARK MATTER SEARCHES WITH SUB-keV GERMANIUM DETECTOR

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (11n12) ◽  
pp. 944-950
Author(s):  
HENRY T. WONG
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Underground Laboratory ◽  
Germanium Detectors ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Under Construction

The theme of the TEXONO research program is on the studies of low energy neutrino and dark matter physics. The current goals are on the development of germanium detectors with sub-keV sensitivities to realize experiments on neutrino magnetic moments, neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, as well as WIMP dark matter searches. A threshold of 100–200 eV was achieved with prototype detectors at the Kuo-Sheng Neutrino Laboratory. New limits were placed for low-mass WIMPs. The dark matter program will move to a new underground laboratory currently under construction in Sichuan, China.

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