Parvalbumin content in striated muscles of the common shrew (Sorex araneus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2194-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Savolainen ◽  
M Vornanen
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Common Shrew ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
The Common ◽  
Isometric Twitch

The parvalbumin content of mammalian muscles correlates positively with isometric relaxation rate and fiber type IIB frequency of the muscles but negatively with animal size. Since shrews are small-bodied animals with a relatively low number of type IIB fibers, it is of some interest to know how the parvalbumin content of shrew muscle correlates with the above factors. Parvalbumin content in heart, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius muscle of the common shrew, mouse, and rat was determined electrophoretically. Parvalbumin was not found in heart muscle of any species. Shrew diaphragm (0.29 ± 0.04 g/kg) had significantly less parvalbumin than mouse (0.63 ± 0.11 g/kg) or rat (0.54 ± 0.09 g/kg) diaphragm. Similarly, the parvalbumin content of shrew gastrocnemius muscle (0.28 ± 0.04 g/kg) was significantly lower than in that of mouse (2.88 ± 0.38 g/kg) or rat (0.96 ± 0.25 g/kg) gastrocnemius muscle. The isometric twitch of the gastrocnemius muscle was somewhat faster than the twitch of the diaphragm in all three species. The isometric contractions of shrew and mouse skeletal muscles were generally very similar in duration, with the exception of the relaxation time of the gastrocnemius muscle, which was shorter in the mouse. Diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscle of the rat were clearly slower than the respective muscles in the mouse or shrew with regard to both the contraction and relaxation phases. The half-relaxation time of isometric contractions correlated relatively weakly with parvalbumin content of the muscles (r = 0.40) but more strongly with their fiber IIB content (r = 0.81). The unexpectedly low parvalbumin content and relatively slow rate of contraction in shrew skeletal muscles are attributed to the exceptional fiber type composition, i.e., a high proportion of type IID fibers.

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in different rat hindlimb skeletal muscles

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1777-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Muscle Groups

Few studies have examined potential for endothelium-dependent vasodilation in skeletal muscles of different fiber-type composition. We hypothesized that muscles composed of slow oxidative (SO)- and/or fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG)-type fibers have greater potential for endothelium-dependent vasodilation than muscles composed of fast glycolytic (FG)-type fibers. To test this hypothesis, the isolated perfused rat hindlimb preparation was used with a constant-flow, variable-pressure approach. Perfusion pressure was monitored continuously, and muscle-specific flows were determined by using radiolabeled microspheres at four time points: control, at peak effect of acetylcholine (ACh I; 1–2 × 10−4 M), at peak effect of ACh after infusion of an endothelial inhibitor (ACh II), and at peak effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 4–5 × 10−4 M). Conductance was calculated by using pressure and flow data. In the SO-type soleus muscle, conductance increased with ACh and SNP, but the increase in conductance with ACh was partially abolished by the endothelial inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (control, 0.87 ± 0.19; ACh I, 2.07 ± 0.29; ACh II, 1.32 ± 0.15; SNP, 1.76 ± 0.19 ml · min−1 · 100 g−1 · mmHg−1; P < 0.05, ACh I and SNP vs. control). In the FOG-type red gastrocnemius muscle, similar findings were obtained (control, 0.64 ± 0.11; ACh I, 1.36 ± 0.21; ACh II, 0.73 ± 0.16; SNP, 1.30 ± 0.21 ml · min−1 · 100 g−1 · mmHg; P < 0.05, ACh I and SNP vs. control). In the FG-type white gastrocnemius muscle, neither ACh nor SNP increased conductance. Similar findings were obtained when muscles were combined into high- and low-oxidative muscle groups. Indomethacin had no effect on responses to ACh. These data indicate that endothelium-dependent vasodilation is exhibited by high-oxidative, but not low-oxidative, rat skeletal muscle. Furthermore, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in high-oxidative muscle appears to be primarily mediated by nitric oxide.

In vitro O2 uptake and histochemical fiber type of resting hamster muscles

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Sullivan ◽  
R. N. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Pattern Number ◽  
Fast Twitch

In vitro oxygen consumption (VO2), histochemical fiber type, capillary arrangement, and muscle fiber geometry were measured in three hamster striated muscles. These muscles varied markedly in their histochemical fiber type composition (% by number): retractor (70% FG, fast-twitch, glycolytic; 16% FOG, fast-twitch, oxidative-glycolytic; 14% SO, slow-twitch, oxidative); soleus (57% FOG, 43% SO), and sartorius (98% FG, 2% FOG). Sartorius VO2 [0.80 +/- 0.034 (SE) ml O2 X min-1 X 100 g-1] was significantly different (P less than 0.01) from VO2 of retractor (0.89 +/- 0.038) and soleus (1.00 +/- 0.048).The number of capillaries around a fiber and the surface area/volume were greater for FOG and SO fibers than for FG fibers. Fibers of all types appeared to be roughly elliptical in shape. Capillaries were uniformly distributed around fibers in the soleus, but they were located more toward the ends of the major diameter in the retractor and sartorius. The results suggest a relationship among a fiber's oxidative capacity (based on its histochemical staining pattern), number of surrounding capillaries and surface area/volume. Furthermore, results suggest that VO2 and capillary spacing around a fiber may depend on fiber type.

Na+-K+-ATPase properties in rat heart and skeletal muscle 3 mo after coronary artery ligation

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Barr ◽  
H. J. Green ◽  
D. S. Lounsbury ◽  
J. W. E. Rush ◽  
J. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Left Main Coronary Artery ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Ouabain Binding ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Phosphatase Assay

This study was designed to determine whether chronic heart failure (CHF) results in changes in Na+-K+-ATPase properties in heart and skeletal muscles of different fiber-type composition. Adult rats were randomly assigned to a control (Con; n = 8) or CHF ( n = 8) group. CHF was induced by ligation of the left main coronary artery. Examination of Na+-K+-ATPase activity (means ± SE) 12 wk after the ligation measured, using the 3- O-methylfluorescein phosphatase assay (3- O-MFPase), indicated higher ( P < 0.05) levels in soleus (Sol) (250 ± 13 vs. 179 ± 18 nmol·mg protein−1·h−1) and lower ( P < 0.05) levels in diaphragm (Dia) (200 ± 12 vs. 272 ± 27 nmol·mg protein−1·h−1) and left ventricle (LV) (760 ± 62 vs. 992 ± 16 nmol·mg protein−1·h−1) in CHF compared with Con, respectively. Na+-K+-ATPase protein content, measured by the [3H]ouabain binding technique, was higher ( P < 0.05) in white gastrocnemius (WG) (166 ± 12 vs. 135 ± 7.6 pmol/g wet wt) and lower ( P < 0.05) in Sol (193 ± 20 vs. 260 ± 8.6 pmol/g wet wt) and LV (159 ± 10 vs. 221 ± 10 pmol/g wet wt) in CHF compared with Con, respectively. Isoform content in CHF, measured by Western blot techniques, showed both increases (WG; P < 0.05) and decreases (Sol; P < 0.05) in α1. For α2, only increases [red gastrocnemius (RG), Sol, and Dia; P < 0.05] occurred. The β2-isoform was decreased (LV, Sol, RG, and WG; P < 0.05) in CHF, whereas the β1 was both increased (WG and Dia; P < 0.05) and decreased (Sol and LV; P < 0.05). For β3, decreases ( P < 0.05) in RG were observed in CHF, whereas no differences were found in Sol and WG between CHF and Con. It is concluded that CHF results in alterations in Na+-K+-ATPase that are muscle specific and property specific. Although decreases in Na+-K+-ATPase content would appear to explain the lower 3- O-MFPase in the LV, such does not appear to be the case in skeletal muscles where a dissociation between these properties was observed.

scholarly journals Obesity-induced discrepancy between contractile and metabolic phenotypes in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of female obese Zucker rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz M. Acevedo ◽  
Ana I. Raya ◽  
Rafael Ríos ◽  
Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero ◽  
José-Luis L. Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fast Twitch

A clear picture of skeletal muscle adaptations to obesity and related comorbidities remains elusive. This study describes fiber-type characteristics (size, proportions, and oxidative enzyme activity) in two typical hindlimb muscles with opposite structure and function in an animal model of genetic obesity. Lesser fiber diameter, fiber-type composition, and histochemical succinic dehydrogenase activity (an oxidative marker) of muscle fiber types were assessed in slow (soleus)- and fast (tibialis cranialis)-twitch muscles of obese Zucker rats and compared with age (16 wk)- and sex (females)-matched lean Zucker rats ( n = 16/group). Muscle mass and lesser fiber diameter were lower in both muscle types of obese compared with lean animals even though body weights were increased in the obese cohort. A faster fiber-type phenotype also occurred in slow- and fast-twitch muscles of obese rats compared with lean rats. These adaptations were accompanied by a significant increment in histochemical succinic dehydrogenase activity of slow-twitch fibers in the soleus muscle and fast-twitch fiber types in the tibialis cranialis muscle. Obesity significantly increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines but did not significantly affect protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARγ or PGC1α in either muscle. These data demonstrate that, in female Zucker rats, obesity induces a reduction of muscle mass in which skeletal muscles show a diminished fiber size and a faster and more oxidative phenotype. It was noteworthy that this discrepancy in muscle's contractile and metabolic features was of comparable nature and extent in muscles with different fiber-type composition and antagonist functions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates a discrepancy between morphological (reduced muscle mass), contractile (shift toward a faster phenotype), and metabolic (increased mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity) characteristics in skeletal muscles of female Zucker fatty rats. It is noteworthy that this inconsistency was comparable (in nature and extent) in muscles with different structure and function.

Downhill Running Excessive Training Inhibits Hypertrophy in Mice Skeletal Muscles with Different Fiber Type Composition

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson L. da Rocha ◽  
Bruno C. Pereira ◽  
José R. Pauli ◽  
Claudio T. de Souza ◽  
Giovana R. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Type Composition

scholarly journals Dietary Olive Oil Intake Improves Running Endurance with Intramuscular Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1164
Author(s):  
Yusuke Komiya ◽  
Makoto Sugiyama ◽  
Masaru Ochiai ◽  
Nanako Osawa ◽  
Yuto Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Growth Profiles ◽  
Triacylglycerol Accumulation

Olive oil is a functional food shown to have a variety of bioactive effects. Therefore, we expect it to be a novel functional food with an exercise-mimetic effect on skeletal muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effect of olive oil on the endurance capacity and muscle metabolism in mice. Mice fed a 7% (w/w) olive oil diet for eight weeks showed improved treadmill running endurance and increased intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) accumulation in the gastrocnemius muscle compared to soybean oil diet-fed controls. The increase in running endurance with olive oil intake was independent of the muscle fiber type. To elucidate underlying the mechanism of elevated IMTG levels, we examined the expression levels of the genes related to lipid metabolism. We found that the expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) was significantly upregulated in the muscle of olive oil diet-fed mice. In addition, the olive oil diet-fed mice showed no metabolic impairment or differences in growth profiles compared to the controls. These results suggest that dietary olive oil intake affects muscle metabolism and muscle endurance by increasing energy accumulation.

Myosin isozyme distribution in rodent hindlimb skeletal muscle

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1923-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Thomason ◽  
K. M. Baldwin ◽  
R. E. Herrick
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Myosin Isozyme ◽  
Myofibril Atpase

The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of myosin isozymes in rodent (Rattus norvegicus) hindlimb skeletal muscles and regions of muscle known to have contrasting fiber-type composition. Muscle samples were analyzed for Ca2+-regulated myofibril adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity, myosin isozyme profile, and myosin light chain profile. Four isozymes of myosin were identified based on native protein and light chain electrophoresis patterns: one associated primarily with slow-twitch muscle (SM) and three associated primarily with fast-twitch muscle (FM). Multiple linear regression analysis of Ca2+-regulated myofibril ATPase activity (pCA 4) vs. measured isozyme profile was used to estimate the myofibril ATPase activities of the individual isozymes (FM1 = 0.86, FM2 = 0.52, FM3 = 0.31, and SM = 0.15 mumol Pi formed . mg myofibril protein-1 . min-1 at 25 degrees C, n = 180, P less than 0.001). Differences in the native isozyme profiles and myofibril ATPase activities between muscles and muscle regions of similar fiber type composition indicate that a given fiber type may not necessarily express a single isozyme profile. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that, among rodent hindlimb skeletal muscles and inherently their motor units, a range of myosin isozyme profiles exists that may provide a broad range of mechanical expression.

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