A phylogenetic analysis of western European species of the Lasioglossum leucozonium species-group (Hymenoptera: Halictidae): sociobiological and taxonomic implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Packer
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
New World ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
World Species ◽  
European Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Western European

A data matrix of 81 characters for 23 species of the subgenus Lasioglossum sensu Michener (1999) is analysed cladistically with the primary purpose of obtaining a phylogeny for western European species of the Lasioglossum leucozonium group. Outgroup taxa were chosen on the basis of published species groupings for Old World species and a phylogeny for the New World species. Outgroup resolution was poor but results for the ingroup were consistent and indicate that (i) the social behaviour recorded for L. aegyptiellum is nested within a solitary background and therefore represents an origin of sociality independent of all others within the Halictidae, (ii) the monotypic subgenus Sericohalictus is a derived member of the leucozonium species-group, and (iii) L. laevigatum is not a member of this group.

Revision of New World Spalangiinae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2259 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY A. P. GIBSON
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
New World ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
European Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Species Groups

Spalangia Latreille and Playaspalangia Yoshimoto, the only two genera classified in Spalangiinae (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) are revised for the New World. Thirty-one species of Spalangia and a single species of Playaspalangia, P. rothi Yoshimoto, are recognized from the New World. One further name, Spalangia tarsalis Brèthes, is treated as a nomen dubium. European species of Spalangia not yet known from the New World are also discussed and illustrated relative to regional species, but are not treated formally. The following new synonymies are proposed: Spalangia erythromera brachyceps Bouček under Spalangia erythromera Förster n. syn., Spalangia bakeri Kieffer under Spalangia chontalensis Cameron n. syn., and Spalangia lanaiensis Ashmead under Spalangia impunctata Howard n. syn. Spalangia simplex Perkins is newly recorded from the New World and the following 13 species are described as new: Spalangia alyxia n. sp., Spalangia flavicrus n. sp., Spalangia imitator n. sp., Spalangia innuba n. sp., Spalangia leiopleura n. sp., Spalangia masneri n. sp., Spalangia nigroides n. sp., Spalangia noyesi n. sp., Spalangia plaumanni n. sp., Spalangia rugosifrons n. sp., Spalangia stictocephala n. sp., Spalangia stictocyla n. sp., and Spalangia xanthoscapa n. sp. The 2 genera and the 32 regional species of Spalangiinae are keyed, described and illustrated, and regional hosts and distributions are summarized for each species. Distribution maps document the known range of each of the species in the New World. For purposes of comparison of morphologically similar species, 7 informal species groups are recognized in Spalangia to include 29 of the 31 New World species: the attae-group (S. attae Burks, S. rugosifrons, S. stictocyla and S. stictocephala), the cameroni-group (S. cameroni Perkins, S. longepetiolata Bouček and S. gemina Bouček), the drosophilae- group (S. bethyloides Bouček, S. drosophilae Ashmead, S. flavicrus, S. impunctata, S. innuba, S. leiopleura and S. plaumanni), the endius group (S. endius Walker and S. nigripes), the nigra-group (S. alyxia, S. chontalensis, S. masneri, S. nigra Latreille, S. nigroides and S. nigroaenea Curtis), the noyesi-group (S. noyesi and S. xanthoscapa), and the subpunctata-group (S. erythromera, S. fuscipes, S. haematobiae Ashmead, S. imitator and S. subpunctata Förster).

REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD CHRYSOLAMPINAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 913-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Christopher Darling
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
New World ◽  
World Species ◽  
European Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Climatic Information

AbstractThe taxonomy and biology of New World species of Chrysolampinae are reviewed with diagnoses given for the subfamily, genera, and species. A key to the species of Chrysolampus and a summary of geographic distribution and information on host and floral associations are presented. Three new species are described from North America (Chrysolampus improcerus, C. luridus and C. elegans); Chrysolampus lycti Crawford is transferred to Perilampus and synonymized with the European species P. micans Dalman. The genus Chrysomalla is recorded in the New World for the first time based on the new species Chrysomalla hesperis. An explanation of the historical biogeography of the genera is proposed that is consistent with Late Cretaceous and Tertiary geological, botanical, and climatic information. It is suggested that the extant species are descendents of elements of a widely distributed arid biota.

scholarly journals Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection

2021 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar S. Molina ◽  
Leonardo H. Gil-Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Species Groups

Simulium (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934 has an unstable classification system. The broader concept of the subgenus includes five species-groups resulting from an extensive history of synonymisations, often outside of a phylogenetic framework. This concept also ignores relationship hypotheses with the Afrotropical subgenera S. (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930, S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969, S. (Xenosimulium) Crosskey, 1969, and the Oviedoi species-group, with several Neotropical species of S. (Trichodagmia). We performed a morphological phylogenetic analysis to test the monophyly of S. (Trichodagmia), its species-groups, and their relationship with the above-mentioned subgenera and Oviedoi species-group. We analysed a data matrix with 69 terminal taxa and 62 characters under parsimony implied weights, with a range of concavities (k1–100), finding three categories of k. Our analysis concludes that S. (Trichodagmia) is not monophyletic, since Oviedoi and the Afrotropical subgenera group with its species-groups Tarsatum and Orbitale. Therefore, we propose a new classification for S. (Trichodagmia) by restricting it to the Orbitale species-group, revalidating S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al., 1946, S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934, S. (Obuchovia) Rubtsov, 1947 and S. (Shewellomyia) Peterson, 1975, synonymysing S. (Xenosimulium) with S. (Anasolen), and erecting a new subgenus, S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. for Oviedoi. The geographical distribution of the groups involved is discussed.

Taxonomic revision of New World species of the genus Oosternum Sharp (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae) I. Definition of species groups and revision of the Oosternum aequinoctiale group

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2054 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN FIKÁČEK ◽  
FRANZ HEBAUER ◽  
MICHAEL HANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
World Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Definition Of

The genus Oosternum Sharp, 1882 is divided into ten species groups based on external adult characters. An identification key to the species groups and a table of diagnostic characters as well as many charater state illustrations for each group are provided. Representatives of the newly defined O. aequinoctiale species group are revised. Six species of this group are recognized, all occurring in the Neotropical region: Oosternum acutheca sp.n. (Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua), O. aequinoctiale (Motschulsky, 1855) (Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela), O. attenuatum sp. n. (Panama, Colombia, Ecuador), O. gibbicolle sp. n. (Ecuador, Panama), O. holosericeum sp. n. (Argentina), and O. latum sp. n. (Lesser Antilles: St. Vincent Island). A key to the species and drawings or SEM photographs of diagnostic characters are provided.

scholarly journals Reporting social behaviours of mixed-species troops formed by Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata (Primate, Callitrichidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Valença-Silva ◽  
FG Maciel ◽  
RL Zaganini ◽  
AS Lucindo ◽  
S Caramaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
New World ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
The State ◽  
New World Primates ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mixed Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Behaviours

In New World primates, mixed-species troops have been reported. Here, we analysed the performance of affiliative and agonistic behaviours of Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata living in mixed groups. For this purpose, we recorded the interaction of the individuals from two groups located in Bauru city, in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). Our data show that in both groups, affiliative behaviours appeared more frequently than agonistic ones. We concluded that there is cohesion inside the mixed-species troops observed. We suggest that a deeper knowledge about the social behaviour of mixed-species troop species certainly may be useful in projects linked with the management of the impact caused by them.

Revision of the New World species of Craspedochaeta (Diptera: Clusiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1291 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
OWEN LONSDALE ◽  
STEPHEN A. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
New World ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
World Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
First Time

The New World species of Craspedochaeta Czerny, 1903 are revised and the first New World representative of the C. biseta group (C. argoniae spec. nov.) is described from Ecuador and Bolivia. Ten new species (C. amazonensis spec. nov., C. apsilutea spec. nov., C. candida spec. nov., C. chela spec. nov., C. feminea spec. nov., C. melanosoma spec. nov., C. pacaraima spec. nov., C. pollostos spec. nov., C. protomis spec. nov., C. weemsi spec. nov.) are described from the C. transversa species group and eight new species (C. biloba spec. nov., C. brunneivibrissa spec. nov., C. chauliodon spec. nov., C. loreto spec. nov., C. phaios spec. nov., C. pullipleura spec. nov., C. xanthonotum spec. nov., C. zongo spec. nov.) are described from the C. concinna species group. Craspedochaeta basalis brasiliensis Sóos, 1961 syn. nov. and C. piceoflava (Sóos, 1962) syn. nov. are synonymized with Craspedochaeta annulipes (Johnson, 1913) comb. nov.; C. minuta Sóos, 1962 syn. nov., C.atra (Kertesz, 1903) syn. nov. and C. albohalteria Sóos, 1962 syn. nov., are synonymized with C. concinna (Williston, 1896). Craspedochaeta sasakawai nomen nov. is provided as a replacement name for C. pleuralis (Curran, 1936), which is a junior homonym of C. pleuralis (Williston, 1896) comb. nov. Agonistic behaviour is recorded for the first time in Craspedochaeta, with photographs showing male-male interactions in the Bolivian species C. pullipleura. A key is provided for all 31 New World Craspedochaeta species and the relationships of the C. concinna and C. transversa groups are discussed on the basis of male and female morphological characters. Species of Craspedochaeta are recorded for the first time in North America, with C. weemsi found in Florida, C. concinna found in Florida and New Mexico, and C. annulipes found in Georgia, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas.

scholarly journals Systematics of New World Curtonotum Macquart (Diptera: Curtonotidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3079 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN KLYMKO ◽  
STEPHEN A. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New World ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
World Species ◽  
Species Complexes

The New World species of the curtonotid genus Curtonotum Macquart are reviewed, and all species outside the vulpinum and murinum species complexes (as defined below) are revised. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for 24 species, including 13 newly described species: C. adusticrus sp. n., C. atlanticum sp. n., C. bivittatum sp. n., C. brunneum sp. n., C. curtispinum sp. n., C. desperatum sp. n., C. papillatum sp. n., C. gracile sp. n., C. hunkingi sp. n., C. flavisetum sp. n., C. floridense sp. n., C. nigrum sp. n., and C. scambum sp. n. Curtonotum nigripalpe Hendel is proposed as a new junior synonym of C. hendelianum (Enderlein). A key to these New World species is presented and the phylogenetic relationships between them are discussed. Lectotypes are designated for C. tumidum Enderlein, C. bathmedum Hendel, C. taeniatum Hendel, C. trypetipenne Hendel, C. impunctatum Hendel, 1913, nec impunctatum Hendel, 1932 and C. apicale Hendel. Curtonotum perplexum nom. n., is given as the replacement name for C. impunctatum Hendel, 1932 nec impunctatum Hendel, 1913. Two species complexes are left untreated at the species level (the C. murinum species complex, including C. murinum Hendel, C. coriaceum Hendel, C. perplexum nom. n., and C. decumanum Bezzi; and the C. vulpinum species complex including C. vulpinum Hendel and C. fumipenne Hendel). Both complexes are included in the phylogenetic analysis and key.

Phylogeny of Utetheisa s. str. (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae:Arctinae) with comments on the evolution of colour, hind wing scales and origin of New World species

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. DaCosta
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
New World ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
World Species ◽  
Male Wing ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Wing Scales

Species of Utetheisa Hübner incorporate pyrrolizidine alkaloids into their defence strategy where they are protective against both invertebrate and vertebrate predators, and courtship behaviours by males incorporate the alkaloids into their pheromones. Although Utetheisa’s chemical ecology is well understood, the systematics is less clear. A phylogeny of Utetheisa was constructed based on adult morphology. The final data matrix consisted of 29 species and 105 characters (268 states) from adults scored from both nongenitalic and genitalic characters as follows: 3 head (8 states), 4 leg (8 states), 21 wing (49 states), 44 male abdominal and genitalic characters (124 states), and 33 female abdominal and genitalic characters (79 states). The resulting parsimony and Bayesian analyses demonstrated that Utetheisa s. str. is monophyletic and sister to U. Pitasila (Moore). UtetheisaAtasca (Swinhoe) is more closely related to outgroup taxa than it is to other Utetheisa species. Monophyly of Utetheisa s. str. is strongly supported by a posterior probability of 0.98. Colour was lost once and male wing androconia evolved independently in several species, all of which feed on hosts in Boraginaceae. Forbes’ hypothesis of an Old World origin for the genus is corroborated and two origins for New World species are supported.

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