The effect of ice conditions in northern Hudson Bay on breeding by Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J Gaston ◽  
Mark Hipfner

We compared annual indices of breeding by Thick-billed Murres, Uria lomvia, at a colony in northern Hudson Bay with annual variation in the extent of sea-ice cover during May and June, the period when birds arrive and initiate breeding. Greater ice cover was associated with delayed breeding and lower attendance rates at the colony during the early incubation period (late June). We detected no effect on egg size, reproductive success, or adult body mass. The extent of ice cover in May was positively correlated with the proportion of Arctic cod fed to nestlings, and in June with the proportion of capelin in the rest of the diet. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of capelin in the chick diet and chick body mass at 14 days of age. We attribute the delay in laying during years of heavy ice cover to the reduced area available for foraging close to the colony. Prolonged persistence of ice, though delaying the onset of laying, may benefit the birds later in the season, as they forage preferentially in the vicinity of ice. We suggest that the strong relationships we observed between the extent of ice cover and aspects of the breeding biology of Thick-billed Murres may apply to other Arctic-nesting seabirds and may reflect conditions affecting the entire marine food web.

1952 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Mackay

The extent of ice cover in Hudson Bay was investigated during the Spring of 1948 by the RCAF and interested governmental departments. A series of reconnaissance flights over the Bay in March and April disclosed that it was virtually ice-bound from shore to shore. Large areas of open water were observed during the period May 3rd to May 6th. An inspection of the synoptic weather charts disclosed that weather conditions over the Bay both prior to and during this period were abnormal. This immediately suggests that the ice conditions observed might not be representative. For an appraisal of the observations it is necessary to determine the effects of the abnormal weather on the ice. The observed ice conditions are mentioned and the causes of open water areas briefly discussed. The severity of the winter at Churchill was investigated to determine the normalcy of the ice development. A protracted thaw over the eastern parts of Hudson Bay is disclosed by reference to the weather charts. The correlation between the mean monthly temperatures for the spring months and the date of ice clearance at Churchill Harbour is then investigated to determine the effects of a protracted thaw on the ice.


The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Hipfner ◽  
Anthony J. Gaston ◽  
H. Grant Gilchrist

Abstract We used data collected across 28 years (1975–2002) to compare how timing of laying and egg size respond to environmental variability in two low-arctic and two high-arctic Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia) populations. Ice conditions strongly affect food availability to marine birds in the Arctic, and the percentage of the sea's surface covered by ice within 300 km of the breeding colony varied more among years near the start of laying at our high-arctic study colonies (Prince Leopold and Coburg Islands, Nunavut, Canada) than at our low-arctic study colonies (Coats and Digges Islands, Nunavut). However, mean values differed little. These results indicate that Thick-billed Murres breeding in the High Arctic experience more variable ice conditions, but not necessarily more severe ice conditions, during the period of egg formation. In response, both median laying date and mean egg size varied more among years at high-arctic than at low-arctic colonies. Several lines of evidence suggested that the variation was a result of within-female effects, i.e., phenotypic plasticity rather than different individuals breeding in years in which environmental conditions differed. Previous studies have shown that Thick-billed Murres lay eggs later in years of heavier ice coverage, especially in the High Arctic where ice conditions can be severe, and only in the High Arctic was later laying associated with reduced egg size. The relationship tended towards a negative asymptote suggesting that each female may have her own minimum egg size. Our results show that Thick-billed Murres that inhabit a more variable environment display greater variability in life-history traits. More generally, they offer insight into mechanisms linking environmental heterogeneity to phenotypic variation in life-history traits. Variación en el Tamaño del Huevo y la Fecha de Puesta en Poblaciones Reproductivas de Uria lomvia en el Ártico Bajo y el Ártico Alto Resumen. Empleamos datos colectados a lo largo de 28 años (1975–2002) para determinar cómo el ajuste temporal de la puesta y del tamaño del huevo responde a la variabilidad ambiental en dos poblaciones del Ártico bajo y dos poblaciones del Ártico alto de Uria lomvia. Las condiciones del hielo afectaron fuertemente la disponibilidad de alimentos para las aves marinas en el Ártico. El porcentaje de la superficie del mar cubierta por hielo a menos de 300 km de la colonia reproductiva varió más entre años cerca del inicio de la puesta en nuestras colonias de estudio del Ártico alto (Islas Prince Leopold y Coburg, Nunavut, Canadá) que en nuestras colonias de estudio del Ártico bajo (Islas Coats and Digges, Nunavut). Sin embargo, los valores medios difirieron poco. Estos resultados indican que los individuos de Uria lomvia que crían en el Ártico alto experimentan condiciones de hielo más variables, pero no necesariamente más severas, durante el período de la formación del huevo. Como respuesta, tanto la fecha mediana de puesta y la media del tamaño del huevo variaron más entre años en las colonias del Ártico alto que en las del Ártico bajo. Varias líneas de evidencia sugirieron que esta variación fue el resultado de variaciones propias de las hembras (i.e., plasticidad fenotípica) y no de variación entre individuos diferentes que criaron en años en los cuales las condiciones ambientales difirieron. Estudios previos han mostrado que Uria lomvia realiza su puesta más tarde en los años de mucha cobertura de hielo, especialmente en el Ártico alto, donde las condiciones de hielo pueden ser severas, y sólo en el Ártico alto la demora de la puesta se asoció con una reducción del tamaño del huevo. La relación tendió hacia una asíntota negativa, sugiriendo que cada hembra podría tener su propio tamaño mínimo del huevo. Nuestros resultados muestran que los individuos de Uria lomvia que habitan un ambiente más variable muestran mayor variabilidad en los rasgos de historia de vida. De modo más general, nuestros resultados ofrecen información sobre los mecanismos que vinculan la heterogeneidad ambiental con la variación fenotípica en los rasgos de historia de vida.


Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer V. Lukovich ◽  
Shabnam Jafarikhasragh ◽  
A. Tefs ◽  
Paul G. Myers ◽  
K. Sydor ◽  
...  

In this paper, we examine sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice conditions in the Hudson Bay Complex as a baseline evaluation for the BaySys 2016–2018 field program time frame. Investigated in particular are spatiotemporal patterns in SST and sea ice state and dynamics, with rankings of the latter to highlight extreme conditions relative to the examined 1981–2010 climatology. Results from this study show that SSTs in northwestern Hudson Bay from May to July, 2016–2018, are high relative to the climatology for SST (1982–2010). SSTs are also warmer in 2016 and 2017 than in 2018 relative to their climatology. Similarly, unusually low sea ice cover existed from August to December of 2016 and July to September of 2017, while unusually high sea ice cover existed in January, February, and October of 2018. The ice-free season was approximately 20 days longer in 2016 than in 2018. Unusually high ice-drift speeds occurred in April of 2016 and 2017 and in May of 2018, coinciding with strong winds in 2016 and 2018 and following strong winds in March 2017. Strong meridional circulation was observed in spring of 2016 and winter of 2017, while weak meridional circulation existed in 2018. In a case study of an extreme event, a blizzard from 7 to 9 March 2017, evaluated using Lagrangian dispersion statistics, is shown to have suppressed sea ice deformation off the coast of Churchill. These results are relevant to describing and planning for possible future pathways and scenarios under continued climate change and river regulation.


2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico L. Rezende ◽  
Eva M. Albert ◽  
Miguel A. Fortuna ◽  
Jordi Bascompte

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy A. Lewis ◽  
Robert R. Christian ◽  
Charles W. Martin ◽  
Kira L. Allen ◽  
Ashley M. McDonald ◽  
...  

Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 331 (6013) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kruta ◽  
N. Landman ◽  
I. Rouget ◽  
F. Cecca ◽  
P. Tafforeau
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  

1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bursa

Phytoplankton samples, collected in 1953 and 1954 by the Calanus expeditions, were examined by the quantitative sedimentation method in an attempt to determine the ecological aspects of phytoplankton production in Hudson Bay and Strait. During the period July to September of both years, water temperature data, and salinity, oxygen and quantitative phytoplankton samples were collected at the surface and from depths of 10, 25, 50 and 100 metres. Numerically, the most abundant, heterogeneous phytoplankton populations were found in the mouth of Hudson Bay. The lower production of phytoplankton in the surface layer can be explained by the greater amplitude of temperature and salinity, dependent upon ice conditions and surface wind drift. The most productive layer was at a depth of 10 m. Large phytoplankton populations in waters supersaturated with oxygen were still found at 25 m, indicating light conditions favourable for photosynthesis. The relatively high plankton production in the area joining Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait is probably due to the hydrographic structure and the supply of nutrients resulting from the mixing of water masses which originate in other geographical areas. The preponderance of diatoms over flagellated groups, which is more marked in Hudson Strait than in Hudson Bay, is typical for the arctic. The composition of phytoplankton in these areas shows a great similarity in the main to that found on both sides of the Atlantic. Apart from locally produced plankton populations, there is a population exchange which follows water movements. To supplement the meagreness of existing taxonomic descriptions, attention is here focussed on the identification of plankters and their individual importance in the general ecology of the phytoplankton.


2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten B. Moysich ◽  
Julie A. Baker ◽  
Ravi J. Menezes ◽  
Vijayvel Jayaprakash ◽  
Kerry J. Rodabaugh ◽  
...  

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