Reproduction and productivity of semidomesticated reindeer in northern Finland

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Kumpula ◽  
Alfred Colpaert ◽  
Mauri Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
High Level

The increase in the Finnish semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) stock and the high level of meat production during the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s were mainly due to reindeer-management practices. However, the continuing deterioration of winter-range quality has now forced reindeer managers to invest increasingly in supplementary feeding. At the same time, carrying-capacity models for semidomesticated- reindeer ranges have proved difficult to develop. This study deals with reproduction and productivity of the reindeer stock in northern Finland during the period 1987-1995. The results reveal that reproduction and productivity of reindeer in the study area are largely regulated by density-dependent factors related to the quantity and quality of winter ranges. Reindeer densities on total rangeland had the strongest effect on the slaughter body masses of reindeer, which indicates the special importance of summer and autumn pastures for growth and autumn condition of reindeer. Through intensive calf slaughtering, the natural mortality rate was minimised and reproduction rates and reindeer meat production were increased, although winter ranges were heavy grazed. Developing semidomesticated-reindeer husbandry to be more economical in the future by keeping sustainable meat production at a sufficiently high level while maintaining reindeer rangeland in adequate condition and supplementary feeding quite marginal in Finland involves consideration of both ecological and management factors. One way of looking at the economic carrying capacity of Finnish semidomesticated-reindeer ranges is to develop a model based on dependence among the factors presented in this study. Sustainable net incomes from reindeer husbandry could then be optimised by studying and modelling the economy of reindeer management itself with respect to stock density.

scholarly journals Russian-Chinese Treaties: Milestones and Zigzags of History. II. 1945 – 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury TAVROVSKIY
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
The West ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
High Level ◽  
Expert Community

Continuing with the review of the most significant treaties between the USSR/Russia and China, the author highlights the distinctiveness and positive impact of the treaties of 1945 and 1950. The departure from them and the ideological rift of the 1960s and 1980s had dramatic implications for both powers. The author attributes special importance to the currently valid 2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation that mounted bilateral relations to an unprecedented high level. This even stimulated ideas either to supplement it with new articles or to conclude a new alliance treaty. While the idea produced discussions in the expert community and the media of both countries, the two parties have not shown readiness so far to enshrine in a legal act the newly acquired quality of bilateral relations. However, the escalation of U.S.-Chinese confrontation and the new "cold war" the West launched against Russia are calling for such a step, for the geopolitical prospects for Russia and for China are as closely linked as their past.

scholarly journals Detecting trends in the quality and productivity of grasslands by analyzing the historical vegetation relevés: A case study from Southeastern Carpathians, Vlădeasa Mountains (Romania)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 12378
Author(s):  
Teodor MARUȘCA ◽  
Anamaria ROMAN ◽  
Elena TAULESCU ◽  
Tudor M. URSU ◽  
Răzvan D. POPA
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Romanian Carpathians ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Pastoral Value

Grassland ecosystems are essential for biomass production but are prone to degradation if management practices are inappropriate. Thus, it is necessary to optimize grazing management since the grazing practices and grassland status are interconnected. Herbage mass production and forage quality of the plant species are among the most important factors for grazing livestock performance, grassland carrying capacity, and their sustainable management. We employed optimized methods for the analysis of two historical vegetation datasets (from 1970 and 2008), along with the statistical data on livestock numbers and types from three administrative units within the Vlădeasa Mountains area, in the Romanian Carpathians. We looked for trends in grassland quality and productivity and explored their connections to grazing management descriptors and practices. We identified a small but statistically significant decreasing trend between the two periods in both pastoral value (from 63.80 to 61.43) and productivity (from 10.80 t ha-1 to 9.18 t ha-1). The decline in grassland quality and productivity may be associated with the sharp decrease in livestock numbers (from 9,688 LU to 5,085 LU) and the replacement of cattle by sheep as the dominant livestock type. The abandonment of grasslands and traditional practices also increased the deviation from the optimum of the actual stocking rate. This approach can be used as a model for other areas where time-series vegetation data are available from phytosociological literature and/or databases. These insights can be used to design adaptive grazing management plans to optimize grazing management according to the carrying capacity of the grassland ecosystems.

scholarly journals Management Practices Affecting Calves Welfare on Farms in Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152
Author(s):  
Jožica Ježek ◽  
Petra Grabnar ◽  
Barbara Beci ◽  
Martina Klinkon ◽  
Marija Nemec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
Feeding Protocol ◽  
Calf Rearing

Calf rearing practices in Slovenian herds were investigated with questionnaire-based survey. The data was obtained from 293 farms in Slovenia about their management, especially milk and colostrum feeding protocol, manner of weaning, housing, hygiene on the farm and biosecurity measures. Majority of respondents think the colostrum supply is very important. In 77% of farms, calves receive the first colostrum meal within 2 hours after birth. Quality of colostrum is not considered in 59% of farms. The temperature of colostrum and milk check 73% of farmers, however majority do it manually without using thermometer. Farmers weans calves gradually, mostly considering the age at weaning (45%). Calves are weaned at mean age of 14.18 weeks. In 57.3% of farms, newborn calves are housed in individual pens. Thirty four percent of farmers are cleaning pens for newborn calves after each calf. Half of farmers observe their calves more than 15 minutes daily. Different biosecurity measures are used in 98% of farms. Many farmers are well aware that calf rearing management bear on later milk and meat production and some would need more persuasion to follow the appropriate management practices.

The effects of a number of management practices on chiller beef production in Victoria

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Robinson ◽  
NG Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Angus Cattle

Data are presented from a detailed factorial experiment conducted on a private property in the Western District of Victoria and involving 72 grade Aberdeen Angus cattle and their dams. The relative contribution to daily liveweight increase and economy of production of sex (steer v. spayed heifer), sire (stud v. grade bull), level of supplementary feeding (high v. moderate v. low), season of birth (autumn v. spring), and year of birth (1954 v. 1955 control v. 1955 stilboestrol-implanted) was determined. Season of birth (autumn>>spring, P < 0.001) was easily the greatest single factor affecting daily liveweight gain, carcass beef production per week, and cash value of beef produced per week, followed in order of importance by sex (steers>>heifers, P < 0.001), and level of supplementary feeding (high >moderate = low, P<0 .001). Quality of the sire had no demonstrable effect on any factor studied. Year of birth slightly affected cash value of beef produced per week (P<0.05), but only because of yearly price fluctuations. Interactions between the main variates were relatively unimportant, but the spring-born calf was much more dependent on heavy supplementary feeding than was the autumn-born. Economy of production was dependent on calving at the correct time (autumn) and the reduction of supplementary feeding to a minimum. The value of the factorial experimental design for field studies of this type is briefly discussed.

THE ROLE OF SELF-MANAGED FIRMS IN THE INTELLECTUAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
R. I. KHABIBULLIN ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Level ◽  
System Intelligence ◽  
A Company

The article examines the intelligence of the company as the main factor and the result of the socio-economic activity of the enterprise. It is noted that the intelligence of a company depends on the quality of the subjects of the nano-level - the employees of the enterprise. In this regard, the role of modern forms of organization of economic activity and promising management practices, on the basis of which a new type of industrial relations is formed, which determines the system intelligence of enterprises, is analyzed. Self-managed (collective) enterprises are one of these perspective forms of management. It is shown that the development of intelligence is characterized by the formation of emancipative values of participants in democratic governance. At the same time, a high level of development of the company's employees participating in self-man-agement enhances the intelligence of the enterprise and reduces the transaction costs of conducting economic activities.

DESIGNING E-LEARNING RESOURCES FOR TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL WITH ADOBE FLASH AND HTML5 SYSTEMS

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
N. A. Gluzman
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Multimedia Presentations ◽  
Adobe Flash ◽  
E Learning ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Training ◽  
Training Practice

In the modern educational space regarding the realities of the information society special importance is attached to issues related to the provision of a high level of informatization of education, which implies teachers’ mastering the necessary competencies and the ability to introduce e-learning resources into educational and training practice. Adobe Flash as one of the platforms for creating web applications and multimedia presentations enjoys greatest popularity with users including teachers. However, in connection with the announcement of discontinuing Adobe Flash support in 2020, the issue of choosing an analog to create web applications and presentations for use in teaching purposes is becoming particularly relevant. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of developing electronic educational resources by teachers using Adobe Flash and HTML5 for teaching math in primary school.

Heart Rate Recovery Changes during Competition Period in High-Level Basketball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Gocentas ◽  
Anatoli Landõr ◽  
Aleksandras Kriščiūnas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Coeffi Cients ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
Monitoring Training ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
High Level

Research background and hypothesis. Replete schedule of competitions and intense training are features of contemporary team sports. Athletes, especially the most involved ones, may not have enough time to recover. As a consequence, aggregated fatigue can manifest in some undesirable form and affect athlete’s performance and health.Research aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in heart rate recovery (HRR) and investigate possible relations with sport-specifi c measures of effi cacy in professional basketball players during competition season.Research methods. Eight male high-level basketball players (mean ± SD, body mass, 97.3 ± 11.33 kg; height 2.02 ± 0.067 m, and age 23 ± 3.12 years) were investigated. The same basketball specifi c exercise was replicated several times from September till April during the practice sessions in order to assess the personal trends of HRR. Heart rate monitoring was performed using POLAR TEAM SYSTEM. Investigated athletes were ranked retrospectively according to the total amount of minutes played and the coeffi cients of effi cacy. Research results. There were signifi cant differences in the trends of HRR between the investigated players. The most effective players showed decreasing trends of HRR in all cases of ranking.Discussion and conclusions. Research fi ndings have shown that the quality of heart rate recovery differs between basketball players of the same team and could be associated with sport-specifi c effi cacy and competition playing time.Keywords: adaptation, autonomic control, monitoring training.

About Innovative Content of Subject-Oriented Pedagogical Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
R. M. Asadullin
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
High Level ◽  
Competencies Development

The continuous modernization of the education system makes the problems of the quality of teacher training increasingly relevant. Moreover, the measures taken to improve the system of teacher education are largely confined to the introduction of new organizational and managerial mechanisms and practically do not affect the internal content and technological structure of the teacher training process.Modern pedagogical universities are constantly looking for innovative models of training teachers that will be able to solve non-standard social and professional tasks. However, recent studies in this area do not fully take into account the nature of pedagogical activity and conditions of its formation. Thus, the need arises for a special study of the processes and means of updating the content and technologies of teacher training in order to control the level of students’ professional competencies development, as required by educational and professional standards. This means the creation of a special educational system in a pedagogical university, which can provide a harmonious and synchronous mastering by future specialists of both subject knowledge and methods of pedagogical activity.The article provides a theoretical study aimed at identifying key patterns of designing a new content for teacher education, the basis of which is the formation of a future teacher as a subject of his own professional activity. The author describes the experience of using a subject-oriented model of education, implemented at Bashkir State Pedagogical University n.a. M. Akmulla. The effectiveness of this model is confirmed by the high level of students’ mastery of designing methods and constructing the educational process, as well as their positive experience in the implementation of educational activities.

Analisis Soal Matematika Tipe Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Tingkat SMP

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-129
Author(s):  
Lelly Oktafiana ◽  
Iis Holisin ◽  
Himmatul Mursyidah
Keyword(s):  
Power Level ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Higher Order Thinking Skills ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Valid Test ◽  
Grade Material ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
High Level

This study aims to describe the quality of the 2018 Mathematics National Examination (UN) in the HOTS types at the junior high level in terms of the level of validity, reliability, problem differentiation power, level of difficulty and distractor. This type of research is a descriptive study. The research was conducted at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya and SMP Negeri 13 Surabaya for students in class VIII. The data collection technique used is a test. The test was taken from the 2018 math UN questions in odd semester VIII grade material including HOTS type. The number of UN mathematics questions in 2018 in the odd semester VIII class material consisted of 12 questions with 25% including LOTS types and 75% including HOTS types. The results showed: (1) 100% valid test questions, (2) high question reliability, (3) good problem differentiation power, (4) the difficuly level of the question 77,77% categorized as moderate and 2 question 22,23% are categorized as difficult, (5) there are 2 questions with one of the answer options do not work.

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