Developmental stability in perch (Perca fluviatilis) in acidic aluminium-rich lakes

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjartan Østbye ◽  
Sigurd A. Øxnevad ◽  
Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Developmental Noise

Fluctuating asymmetry is defined as random deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry resulting from environmental or genetic disturbances (termed developmental noise) during early embryonic development. Developmental instability is defined as the inability of an organism to follow the a priori defined growth trajectory that results in perfect bilateral symmetry, owing to insufficient buffering of the disruptive effects of developmental noise during development. Fluctuating asymmetry has been proposed for use as a measure of developmental instability. In this study we tested whether fluctuating asymmetry can be an early indication of acidification stress. Samples were taken from 10 perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations exposed to varying pH levels and aluminium concentrations. We scored 13 bilateral meristic and morphometric characters to assess fluctuating asymmetry. The level of fluctuating asymmetry in the mandibular pores and one index summarizing three of the meristic characters were significantly correlated with the acidification level. When the lakes were split into two groups, "acidified" and "control," each consisting of five lakes, the same pattern emerged. The variance of fluctuating asymmetry estimates was larger in the acidified lakes than in the control lakes. These findings imply that perch in acidic environments experience developmental perturbations during early embryogenesis, resulting in deviating bilateral morphology. The variation in fluctuating asymmetry among lakes was at the same level as previously found among age groups within one acidified lake. Based on these findings, the use of fluctuating asymmetry as a management tool to evaluate the viability of fish populations in acidified waters is of limited value unless a more comprehensive approach is used.

scholarly journals Nature, Nurture, and Noise: Developmental Instability, Fluctuating Asymmetry, and the Causes of Phenotypic Variation

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
John H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Nonlinear Feedback ◽  
Developmental Variation ◽  
Sewall Wright ◽  
Developmental Noise ◽  
And Behavior

Phenotypic variation arises from genetic and environmental variation, as well as random aspects of development. The genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) components of this variation have been appreciated since at least 1900. The random developmental component (noise) has taken longer for quantitative geneticists to appreciate. Here, I sketch the historical development of the concepts of random developmental noise and developmental instability, and its quantification via fluctuating asymmetry. The unsung pioneers in this story are Hugo DeVries (fluctuating variation, 1909), C. H. Danforth (random variation between monozygotic twins, 1919), and Sewall Wright (random developmental variation in piebald guinea pigs, 1920). The first pioneering study of fluctuating asymmetry, by Sumner and Huestis in 1921, is seldom mentioned, possibly because it failed to connect the observed random asymmetry with random developmental variation. This early work was then synthesized by Boris Astaurov in 1930 and Wilhelm Ludwig in 1932, and then popularized by Drosophila geneticists beginning with Kenneth Mather in 1953. Population phenogeneticists are still trying to understand the origins and behavior of random developmental variation. Some of the developmental noise represents true stochastic behavior of molecules and cells, while some represents deterministic chaos, nonlinear feedback, and symmetry breaking.

Monitoring of the ecological state of the city lake of Chita

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Zvyagintsev ◽  
Olga Yu. Zvyagintseva ◽  
Vadim K. Chernyshov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Gibel Carp ◽  
European Perch ◽  
Lake Kenon ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
The City

Introduction. The paper presents the results of the studies on assessing the quality of the aquatic ecosystem of a lake located within the city. The European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and the Gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) were used as an indicator for determining the quality of the aquatic ecosystem by the method of fluctuating asymmetry. Problem Statement. The aim of the work was to conduct monitoring with the subsequent assessment of the quality of the ecosystem of the city lake using the method of fluctuating asymmetry (hereinafter FA). Theoretical and Practical Part. The quality of the urban lake aquatic ecosystem was assessed using the FA method (indicators: the European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), 1758 and the Gibel carp (Carassius auratus Bloch), 1783). To identify the reasons for the high PFA values, a chemical analysis (in an accredited laboratory) of the gills of the Gibel carp for heavy metals was performed. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the FA indicators values for these indicators were obtained. According to the results of a laboratory study of the content of heavy metals in the gill arches of the Gibel carp, an excess of the maximum permissible concentration of 8 out of 10 analyzed elements was revealed. It has been established that the ecosystem of the city lake Kenon is experiencing a significant anthropogenic load (5 points — the critical quality of the aquatic environment) and it continues to increase towards the deterioration of the habitat.

Levels of dose-forming radionuclides in the young perch (Perca fluviatilis) in the Zaporizke Reservoir

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Zoia Shapovalenko ◽  
Tamila Ananieva
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Artificial Radionuclide ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Radionuclide Activity ◽  
Accumulation Coefficients

It had been investigated the content levels and the coefficients of accumulation from water of the main dose-forming radionuclides (137Cs, 90Sr, 226Ra, 232Th, 40К) in different-age Perca fluviatilis from the Samara Bay and the lower part of the Zaporizke Reservoir. The three age groups of fish were used: one-summer old (0+), two summers old (1+), and three summers old (2+). The obtained data on consecutive reduction of radionuclide activity values in juvenile perch showed that maximal 137Cs content was found in individuals of age (0+), and the minimal one – in individuals aged (1+) from Samara Bay. The maximal accumulation of radioisotopes 90Sr was in individuals aged (0+) in the lower part of the Zaporizke Reservoir, and the minimal one in the perch of age (1+) in the Samara Bay. The highest levels of 226Ra and 40K were found in the (0+) fish from the Samara Bay, and the lowest contents were in individuals aged (2+) in the lower part of the reservoir. The value of the 232Th content level was maximal in the two-summer-olds from the lower part of the reservoir, and the minimal one – in (0+) fish from the Samara Bay. Artificial radionuclide 137Cs was accumulated in the largest amount by perch (0+) from the Samara Bay, and 90Sr – by fish from the lower part of the Zaporizke Reservoir. By values of accumulation coefficients, 232Th was in second place after 137Cs, indicating its significant contribution to the formation of the total dose of radiation. Majority of radioisotopes investigated were more intensively accumulated by the juvenile perch in the Samara Bay compared to the lower part of the Zaporizke Reservoir. The highest level of radionuclide accumulation at both studied sites of the Zaporizke Reservoir has been observed in (0+) fish.

scholarly journals Dilp8 controls a time window for tissue size adjustment in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Boulan ◽  
D. Blanco-Obregon ◽  
K. El Marzkioui ◽  
F. Brutscher ◽  
D.S. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Systemic Mechanism ◽  
Tissue Size ◽  
Developmental Noise ◽  
Size Adjustment

ABSTRACTThe control of organ size mainly relies on precise autonomous growth programs. However, organ development is subject to random variations, called developmental noise, best revealed by the fluctuating asymmetry observed between bilateral organs. The developmental mechanisms ensuring bilateral symmetry in organ size are mostly unknown. In Drosophila, null mutations for the relaxin-like hormone Dilp8 increase wing fluctuating asymmetry, suggesting that Dilp8 plays a role in buffering developmental noise. Here we show that size adjustment of the wing primordia involves a peak of Dilp8 expression that takes place sharply at the end of juvenile growth. Wing size adjustment relies on a crossorgan communication involving the epidermis as the source of Dilp8. We identify ecdysone signaling as both the trigger for epidermal dilp8 expression and its downstream target in the wing primordia, thereby establishing reciprocal feedback between the two hormones as a systemic mechanism controlling organ size precision. Our results reveal a hormone-based time window ensuring fine-tuning of organ size and bilateral symmetry.

scholarly journals Development Stability and Cytogenetic Homeostasis of Perca Fluviatilis (Perciformes, Percidae) in the Rivers of Rivne Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
M. O. Klimenko ◽  
O. O. Biedunkova
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
European Perch ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Development Stability ◽  
Average Damage

Abstract The article presents the results of the study on nuclear damages or injuries of red blood cells (RBCs) and asymmetry of meristic characters of the European perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758) that lives in small and medium rivers of Rivne Region. The research has found that the species representatives living in the small rivers demonstrated worse cytogenetic homeostasis indicators compared to the fish from the medium rivers: the lowest frequency of P. fluviatilis’ nuclear damages appeared to be 4.25 times higher for the individuals living in the small rivers given the noticeable excess of spontaneous mutations by average damage frequency. Fish morphological homeostasis demonstrates a tendency to injuries in small rivers as well. The functional relationships between the studied parameters which have been established by the author were “close” for the fish from the small rivers and primary “moderate” for the fish from the medium rivers. It is concluded that the enhanced activity of the stressors existing in the water environment affects the physiological state of the P. fluviatilis species.

Fluctuating asymmetry in fishes inhabiting acidified and unacidified lakes

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Jagoe ◽  
Terry A. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Random Deviation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Decreasing Ph

Fluctuating asymmetry, the random deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry owing to developmental perturbation, has been used in a number of studies to quantify stress during early life. Decreasing pH and related changes in aquatic environments owing to input of anthropogenic acids have been demonstrated to be physiologically stressful to many fish species. Therefore, a link between environmental acidification and fluctuating asymmetry was postulated. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and lake chub (Couesis plumbeus) were collected from lakes over a wide range of pH values. Use of several species allowed separate consideration of environmental and genetic effects. Depending on species, 15 to 20 paired meristic and morphometric characters were scored for the left and right sides of each individual. Differences between sides were calculated and analyzed by a variety of statistical methods. Most characters examined were not significantly more asymmetric in acidified lakes. However, one or two characters in each species were more asymmetric in lakes of lower pH. Relative overall asymmetry in brook trout was related to parameters that changed with acidification. The small number of locations sampled precluded such an analysis in the other two species. The results are consistent with the hypothetical link between environmental stress by acidification and increased fluctuating asymmetry, but the connection is much weaker than expected. This finding, the need for large sample sizes, and the lack of a definite causal link, severely limits the utility of this type of analysis in assessing the level of stress in fish populations.

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