Fetal development in wolves, Canis lupus, of the Keewatin District, Northwest Territories, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2211-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Hillis ◽  
Frank F. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Gravid Females

Of 205 female wolves (Canis lupus) shot by Inuit hunters between 1987 and 1989 in the Keewatin District, Northwest Territories, Canada, 97 were parous, and 16 gravid females carried 73 identifiable fetuses. Fetuses grew at a mean rate of 5.17 g/day between day 32 post coitus and parturition. During the same period, fetuses increased in length at a mean rate of 0.204 cm/day. No significant sexual dimorphism in body mass or other morphological features was found at this stage of development. Cranio-caudal length ranged from 3 mm shortly after implantation to approximately 185 mm at parturition. All correlations of morphological parameters with cranio-caudal length were significant, and with the exception of humerus length and contour length, all parameters increased faster than cranio-caudal length. The results are discussed in relation to reproductive and developmental strategies in canids.

Sexual dimorphism in wolves (Canis lupus) of the Keewatin District, Northwest Territories, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Hillis ◽  
Frank F. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Anterior Body

Twenty-two skeletal, visceral, and adipose parameters were compared in 425 wolves collected from the central Arctic between 1987 and 1989. Fifteen parameters differed significantly by sex. Males were usually larger than females; however, the degree of sexual dimorphism varied with structure. Male skeletal parameters ranged between 3 and 6% greater than those of females, and significant differences were largely associated with the anterior body region and the limbs. Male body mass was 18% and male visceral parameters ranged between 12 and 24% heavier than those of females. Patterns of adipose deposition were also significantly different. Sternum and inguinal fat depths and total external and mesentery fat indices were significantly greater in males (5–44%), while rump fat depth was significantly greater in females (1%). These results support the conclusion that sexual dimorphism in wolves has evolved primarily as a foraging strategy, owing to division of labour between the sexes, and males are more highly specialized for capturing and killing large ungulate prey, while females are more specialized for a nurtural role.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FITNESS PROGRAMS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WOMEN AGED 30–40 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
E Perevalina ◽  
M Shestakov ◽  
S Laggao
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Basic Stage ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Fitness Programs

Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of changes in the morphological parameters of women aged 30–40 years involved in different fitness programs at the basic stage. Materials and methods. 85 women aged 30–40 years participated in different fitness programs during 9 weeks: 17 – gym, 19 – traditional aerobics, 17 – strength aerobics, 17 – functional training, 15 – fitness-yoga. 60-minute fitness lessons were conducted 3 times per week. We measured the following parameters: height, weight, body circumference, skin-fat fold volume, the absolute and relative values of the muscle and fat tissues. Results. In women, body mass reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. The reduction of body circumference measurements occurs under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, strength aerobics, and functional training. Muscle mass increases as a result of gym training and decreases after traditional aerobics. The absolute and relative mass of the fat tissue reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. Conclusion. Different fitness programs influence differently morphological status in women aged 30-40 years.

scholarly journals Morphological Estimation of Cellularity on Neo-Adjuvant Treated Breast Cancer Histological Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Mauricio Alberto Ortega-Ruiz ◽  
Cefa Karabağ ◽  
Victor García Garduño ◽  
Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Residual Cancer Burden ◽  
Histological Images ◽  
Treated Breast

This paper describes a methodology that extracts key morphological features from histological breast cancer images in order to automatically assess Tumour Cellularity (TC) in Neo-Adjuvant treatment (NAT) patients. The response to NAT gives information on therapy efficacy and it is measured by the residual cancer burden index, which is composed of two metrics: TC and the assessment of lymph nodes. The data consist of whole slide images (WSIs) of breast tissue stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) released in the 2019 SPIE Breast Challenge. The methodology proposed is based on traditional computer vision methods (K-means, watershed segmentation, Otsu’s binarisation, and morphological operations), implementing colour separation, segmentation, and feature extraction. Correlation between morphological features and the residual TC after a NAT treatment was examined. Linear regression and statistical methods were used and twenty-two key morphological parameters from the nuclei, epithelial region, and the full image were extracted. Subsequently, an automated TC assessment that was based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms was implemented and trained with only selected key parameters. The methodology was validated with the score assigned by two pathologists through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The selection of key morphological parameters improved the results reported over other ML methodologies and it was very close to deep learning methodologies. These results are encouraging, as a traditionally-trained ML algorithm can be useful when limited training data are available preventing the use of deep learning approaches.

Helminths of wolves, Canis lupus L., in the Yukon and Northwest Territories

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. E. Choquette ◽  
G. G. Gibson ◽  
E. Kuyt ◽  
A. M. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
First Time ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Wolves from the Yukon and Northwest Territories harbored the following gastrointestinal helminths: Alaria americana (10 of 171), A. arisaemoides (2/171), Diphyllobothrium sp, (1/171). Mesocestoidcs kirbyi (3/171), Taenia hydatigena (54/111), T. krabbei (63/111), T. pisiformis (2/111), T. serialis (41/111), Echinococcus granulosus (24/171), Toxascaris leonina (83/171). Uncinaria stenocephala (11/171), Spirocerca arctica (1/171), and S. lupi (1/171). Larval Trichinella spiralis occurred in 72 of 153 diaphragms. A. arisaemoides, M. kirbyi, and S. arctica were found for the first time in Canis lupus, while S. lupi, S. arctica, and the prevalence of T. spiralis in wolves are reported for the first time in Canada.

Body size, sexual dimorphism, and seasonal mass fluctuations in a larger sika deer subspecies, the Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Suzuki ◽  
Manabu Onuma ◽  
Mayumi Yokoyama ◽  
Koich Kaji ◽  
Masami Yamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Cervus Nippon Yesoensis

Measurements of shoulder height, body length, hind-foot length, and total body mass were collected from 309 Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884) (115 males and 194 females) and analyzed statistically for sexual dimorphism and seasonal body mass fluctuations. The von Bertalanffy equation was fitted to the growth curves that resulted. Asymptotic shoulder height, body length, and hind-foot length were 106.2, 112.6, and 52.9 cm in males and 94.8, 103.9, and 49.4 cm in females, respectively. Total body mass showed distinct seasonal fluctuations, ranging between 102.8 and 151.0 kg in adult males and 68.0 and 99.8 kg in adult females. Male/female ratios in shoulder height, body length, hind-foot length, and total mass were 1.12, 1.08, 1.07, and 1.51, respectively. These results indicate that the Hokkaido sika deer is one of the largest subspecies, at least in skeleton size. A larger body and longer hind foot would seem to be evolutionary adaptations to Hokkaido's cold, snowy environment.

Estrogen receptor regulation of pulmonary alveolar dimensions: alveolar sexual dimorphism in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. L866-L870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Massaro ◽  
Gloria DeCarlo Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Alveolar Surface ◽  
Respective Species

Female rats and mice have smaller and, per body mass (BM), more alveoli and alveolar surface area (Sa) than males of their respective species. This sexual dimorphism becomes apparent about the time of sexual maturity. It is prevented in rats (not tested in mice) by ovariectomy at age 3 wk. In female mice, estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β are required for formation of alveoli of appropriate size and number. We now report the average volume of an alveolus (v̄a) and the number of alveoli per body mass (Na/BM) were not statistically different between ER-α−/− and wild type (wt) males. However, the combination of a larger value for v̄a and a smaller value for Na/BM, though neither parameter achieved a statistically significant intergroup difference, resulted in a statistically significant lower Sa/BM in ER-α−/− males compared with wt males. In ER-β−/− males, v̄a was bigger and Na/BM and Sa/BM were lower compared with wt males. Wt males had larger alveoli and lower Na/BM and Sa/BM than wt females. The wt sexual dimorphism of v̄a, Na/BM, and Sa/BM was absent in ER-α−/− mice. Alveolar size did not differ between ER-β−/− females and males but Na/BM and Sa/BM were greater in ER-β−/− females than in ER-β−/− males. The results in male mice, with prior findings in female mice, 1) demonstrate estrogen receptors have a smaller effect on alveolar dimensions in male than female mice, 2) show ER-α and ER-β are required for the sexual dimorphism of alveolar size, and 3) show ER-α is needed for the sexual dimorphism of body mass-specific alveolar number and surface area.

Body mass estimation in skeletal samples using the hybrid approach: the effect of population-specific variations and sexual dimorphism

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-847
Author(s):  
Vladimír Sládek ◽  
Jiří Macháček ◽  
Eliška Makajevová ◽  
Renáta Přichystalová ◽  
Martin Hora
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Mass Estimation ◽  
Body Mass Estimation ◽  
Skeletal Samples

Characterization of a population of the Harlequin crab, Lissocarcinus orbicularis Dana, 1852, an obligate symbiont of holothuroids, in Toliara bay (Madagascar)*

Zoosymposia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLAUME CAULIER ◽  
ERIC PARMENTIER ◽  
GILLES LEPOINT ◽  
FLEUR VAN NEDERVELDE ◽  
IGOR EECKHAUT
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
South West ◽  
Obligate Symbiont ◽  
Adult Crab ◽  
Gravid Females

Harlequin crabs, Lissocarcinus orbicularis, are commensals found on the integument and in the buccal/cloacal cavity of several species of holothuroids. The population of these crabs was investigated on holothuroids of the barrier reef of Toliara (South-West of Madagascar) from 2002 to 2008. Seventeen holothuroid species were observed and eight were crab hosts. There is generally one adult crab or a heterosexual pair per infested holothuroid but up to ten juveniles were recorded on a Thelenota ananas. Carapace length of the observed L. orbicularis was from 0.3 to 1.4 cm from the tip of the rostrum to the end of the cephalothorax, with a mean length of 0.85 cm. L. orbicularis is characterized by a weak sexual dimorphism (females are bigger than males) and the presence of pereiopods morphologically adapted to fixation on the host integument. Gravid females were observed at each month of the survey indicating that the crab reproduces all the year. Considering our results and personal observations, we also discuss the monogamy mating system of the Harlequin crab.

Phylogenetic analysis of some Silurian rostroconchs (Mollusca) from northwestern Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Caldwell ◽  
Brian D. E. Chatterton
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Familial Relationships ◽  
Mackenzie Mountains ◽  
Using Data

The new genus Avalanchia and the new species Avalanchia pterocarina, Cassowarioides anisomorpha, Cassowarioides polgari, Nehedia bergeraci, Nehedia restricta, and Nehedia tricarina are proposed from exceptionally preserved silicified faunas. Two new but unnamed rostroconch species are also described. These conocardioid rostroconchs were collected from Silurian deposits (late Llandovery to early Ludlow) near Avalanche Lake in the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada, and, when added to global rostroconch faunal lists, indicate a previously unrecognized diversity of Silurian conocardioid rostroconchs. The morphology of conocardioid rostroconchs is discussed, and a glossary of terms presented. Sexual dimorphism is recognized in species of Cassowarioides. Phylogenetic analysis of hippocardiids and bransoniids supports the monophyly of several genera. The hippocardiid genus Bigalea Pojeta and Runnegar, 1976, is recognized as paraphyletic and three species are assigned to a new genus, Redstonia. Preliminary analysis of bransoniids and hippocardiids for familial relationships, using data sets from the within-family analyses, indicates that the Bransoniidae is polyphyletic. The generic complex Mulceodens, considered to be derived bransoniid, is consistently reconstructed within a clade of derived hippocardiids.

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