Diving costs as a component of daily energy budgets of aquatic birds and mammals: generalizing the inclusion of dive-recovery costs demonstrated in tufted ducks

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2131-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joep J. de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Tufted Duck ◽  
Allometric Relations ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Different Types

Metabolic studies on freely diving birds and mammals are reviewed and allometric relations of diving costs are presented. A distinction can be made between three different types of diving costs: (1) metabolic rate during submergence, relevant in estimating aerobic dive limits, (2) average metabolic rate during diving and breathing intervals (MRd), and (3) diving costs as the excess over resting costs (EDC). EDC is the most comprehensive measure, integrating energy costs over entire dive series with subsequent longer term recovery from heat loss or anaerobic metabolism. Respirometry experiments with tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) diving in a 5.7 m deep indoor tank demonstrated that in this species diving costs, expressed as EDC, increased at lower water temperatures. MRd was not significantly related to temperature, and probably reflects only the hydrodynamic and not the thermoregulatory component of diving costs. In general, the usual practice of measuring metabolic costs only during diving activity seems insufficient to estimate the total costs of diving. Studies that include longer term recovery (e.g., doubly labelled water measurements over entire foraging trips) yield more complete estimates of diving costs. To take diving costs into account in an animal's energy budget, estimates of EDC are more appropriate than MRd.

scholarly journals Accelerometry predicts daily energy expenditure in a bird with high activity levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20120919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle H. Elliott ◽  
Maryline Le Vaillant ◽  
Akiko Kato ◽  
John R. Speakman ◽  
Yan Ropert-Coudert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Parsimonious Model

Animal ecology is shaped by energy costs, yet it is difficult to measure fine-scale energy expenditure in the wild. Because metabolism is often closely correlated with mechanical work, accelerometers have the potential to provide detailed information on energy expenditure of wild animals over fine temporal scales. Nonetheless, accelerometry needs to be validated on wild animals, especially across different locomotory modes. We merged data collected on 20 thick-billed murres ( Uria lomvia ) from miniature accelerometers with measurements of daily energy expenditure over 24 h using doubly labelled water. Across three different locomotory modes (swimming, flying and movement on land), dynamic body acceleration was a good predictor of daily energy expenditure as measured independently by doubly labelled water ( R 2 = 0.73). The most parsimonious model suggested that different equations were needed to predict energy expenditure from accelerometry for flying than for surface swimming or activity on land ( R 2 = 0.81). Our results demonstrate that accelerometers can provide an accurate integrated measure of energy expenditure in wild animals using many different locomotory modes.

scholarly journals Daily Energy Budgets of Avian Embryos: The Paradox of the Plateau Phase in Egg Metabolic Rate

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurine W. Dietz ◽  
Meep van Kampen ◽  
Marcel J. M. van Griensven ◽  
Sijmen van Mourik
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Daily Energy

scholarly journals Effects of different types of training on weight loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 272-279
Author(s):  
Danijel Slavic ◽  
Dea Karaba-Jakovljevic ◽  
Andrea Zubnar ◽  
Borislav Tapavicki ◽  
Tijana Aleksandric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Different Types

Introduction. The difference between 24-hour daily energy intake and total daily energy expenditure determines whether we lose or gain weight. The resting metabolic rate is the major component of daily energy expenditure, which depends on many different factors, but also on the level of physical activity. The aim of the study was to determine anthropometric and metabolic parameters of athletes engaged in different types of training, to compare obtained results and to examine whether there are statistically significant differences among them. Material and Methods. The study included a total of 42 young male athletes divided into two groups. The first group included 21 athletes who were predominantly engaged in aerobic type of training, and the other group of 21 athletes in anaerobic type of training. Anthropometric measurements were taken and resting metabolic rate was assessed using the indirect calorimetry method. The results were statistically analyzed and the differences in parameters between the two groups were compared. Results. Statistically significant differences were established in total body mass, amount of fat-free mass and muscle mass, body mass index, as well as in the relative metabolic indices between two groups of subjects. Conclusion. The percentage of fat-free body mass has the greatest impact on the resting metabolic rate. The rate of metabolic activity of this body compartment is higher in athletes engaged in aerobic than in athletes engaged in anaerobic type of training.

scholarly journals THE USE OF HEART RATE TO ESTIMATE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF FREE-RANGING BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSSES DIOMEDEA MELANOPHRYS

1994 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Bevan ◽  
A J Woakes ◽  
P J Butler ◽  
I L Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Heart Rate Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Free Ranging

Heart rates (fh) and rates of oxygen consumption (V(dot)O2) were measured in eight black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys) when walking on a treadmill, with the aim of using fh to predict V(dot)O2 in free-ranging albatrosses. The resulting relationship between the variables was: V(dot)O2 (ml min-1) = [0.0157fh (beats min-1)]1.60, r2=0.80, P<0.001. In addition to the calibration procedure, six of the albatrosses were injected with doubly labelled water (DLW), and fh and V(dot)O2 were monitored continuously over a 3 day period while the birds were held in a respirometer. During the 3 day period, the birds were walked for up to 3­4 h day-1 in bouts lasting approximately 0.5 h. The heart rate data were used to estimate the metabolic rates of these birds using the above regression. Estimates of metabolic rate derived from fh, DLW and respirometry did not differ (ANOVA; P=0.94), primarily because of the variance between individual birds. There was also no significant difference between the different estimates obtained from the different equations used to calculate energy expenditure from the DLW technique (ANOVA; P=0.95). Mean estimates of V(dot)O2 from fh under active and inactive conditions differed from measured values of V(dot)O2 by -5.9 % and -1.7 % respectively. In addition, the estimates of V(dot)O2 from fh at different walking speeds did not differ significantly from the measured values. It appears that, in the black-browed albatross, fh is as good a predictor of the mean metabolic rate of free-ranging birds as DLW or time­energy budgets combined with either respirometry or DLW. However, the method should be applied to as many individuals and as many instances of a particular behaviour as possible. The heart rate technique offers potential for much more detailed analyses of the daily energy budgets of these birds, and over much longer periods, than has previously been possible.

scholarly journals Muscle Metabolic Energy Costs While Modifying Propulsive Force Generation During Walking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Pimentel ◽  
Noah L. Pieper ◽  
William H. Clark ◽  
Jason R. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Related Increase

AbstractWe pose that an age-related increase in the metabolic cost of walking arises in part from a redistribution of joint power where muscles spanning the hip compensate for insufficient ankle push-off and smaller peak propulsive forces (FP). Young adults elicit a similar redistribution when walking with smaller FP via biofeedback. We used targeted FP biofeedback and musculoskeletal models to estimate the metabolic costs of operating lower limb muscles in young adults walking across a range of FP. Our simulations support the theory of distal-to-proximal redistribution of joint power as a determinant of increased metabolic cost in older adults during walking.

scholarly journals Validating accelerometry-derived proxies of energy expenditure using the doubly-labelled water method in the smallest penguin species

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. bio.055475
Author(s):  
G. J. Sutton ◽  
J. A. Botha ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
J. P. Y. Arnould
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding energy use is central to understanding an animal's physiological and behavioural ecology. However, directly measuring energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is inherently difficult. The doubly-labelled water (DLW) method is widely used to investigate energy expenditure in a range of taxa. Although reliable, DLW data collection and analysis is both financially costly and time consuming. Dynamic body acceleration (e.g. VeDBA) calculated from animal-borne accelerometers has been used to determine behavioural patterns, and is increasingly being used as a proxy for energy expenditure. Still its performance as a proxy for energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is not well established and requires validation against established methods. In the present study, the relationship between VeDBA and the at-sea metabolic rate calculated from DLW was investigated in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) using three approaches. Both in a simple correlation and activity-specific approaches were shown to be good predictors of at-sea metabolic rate. The third approach using activity-specific energy expenditure values obtained from literature did not accurately calculate the energy expended by individuals. However, all three approaches were significantly strengthened by the addition of mean horizontal travel speed. These results provide validation for the use of accelerometry as a proxy for energy expenditure and show how energy expenditure may be influenced by both individual behaviour and environmental conditions.

Seasonal change in feed intake, body composition, and metabolic rate of white-tailed deer

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol A. Worden ◽  
Peter J. Pekins
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Time Of Year

Winter is a critical time of year for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northern regions because their food consumption does not meet their daily energy demands. We measured feed intake, fasting metabolic rate (FMR), and body composition of five captive adult female white-tailed deer from September 1991 through March 1992 in New Hampshire to investigate the relationships between FMR and feed intake to fat deposition and mobilization. Deuterium oxide dilution was used to estimate monthly body composition, indirect respiration calorimetry was used to measure monthly FMR, and metabolizable energy intake (MEI) was calculated from daily feed intake. Mean percent body fat increased from 9.1 ± 1.5 to 24.9 ± 4.4% from September to December, and then declined through March. Mean percent body protein did not change during the study (range 20–21%). Mean MEI peaked during September and October (171.9 ± 8.1 and 168.7 ± 10.3 kcal∙kg body mass−0.75∙d−1, respectively), and declined 54% by February. Mean FMR ranged from 79 to 90 from October through March. Correlations between MEI or FMR and change in body fat were weak. It was estimated that intake rates of free-ranging deer were only 90–110% of winter FMR, and that deer with 20% body fat could balance their daily energy expenditure (1.7 × FMR) with fat stores for about 3 months, or the period of time during which MEI was depressed in captive deer.

Field Metabolic-Rate, Water Flux, and Food-Requirements of Short-Nosed Bandicoots, Isoodon-Obesulus (Marsupialia, Peramelidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Nagy ◽  
SD Bradshaw ◽  
BT Clay
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates

Field metabolic rates (FMRS) and water influx rates of free-living short-nosed bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus) were measured via the doubly labelled water technique. Bandicoots ranging in body mass from 775 to 1825 g (mean = 1230 g) had FMRS averaging 0.908 mL CO2 g-1 h-1, or 644 kJ d-1. This is about 2.7 times predicted basal metabolic rate. Water influx rates during the autumn measurement period were comparatively low, averaging 88.8 mL kg-1 d-1, or 103 mL d-1 for a 1230 g animal. Feeding rate (dry matter intake) was estimated to be 45 g d-1, assuming that the food was half invertebrates and half plant tissues (dry matter basis). Performed and metabolically produced water from the food can completely account for total water intake, indicating that bandicoots did not drink the rainwater or pond water that was available. The study population (estimated density = 0.63 bandicoots ha-1) consumed food at a rate of about 62 g fresh matter ha-1 d-1 (equivalent to 27 g dry matter or 605 kJ ha-1 d-1), which is similar to the food requirements of populations of small eutherian and marsupial insectivores in other habitats.

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