Genetic relationships among North American bison populations

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee O. Polziehn ◽  
Curtis Strobeck ◽  
Robin Beech ◽  
Jane Sheraton
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
North American ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Paraphyletic Group

North American bison are presently divided into two subspecies: wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) and plains bison (B. b. bison). A survey was undertaken to determine the distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes among subspecies and populations. Twelve haplotypes were identified with sequence data from the control region of mitochondrial DNA from 32 bison. Mitochondrial haplotypes for 269 bison from nine populations were then determined using the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Haplotype frequencies suggest genetic distances among bison populations from 0.0715 to 0.362. The extent of differentiation varies considerably. Based on the composition and phylogeny of haplotypes in the bison herds, plains bison form a paraphyletic group and wood bison form a polyphyletic group. Because neither subspecies of bison is derived from one lineage, neither is a well-defined taxon.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships of Amaurobioides (Anyphaenidae) spiders from the southeastern coast of New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1425 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRENT D. OPELL ◽  
ANDREA M. BERGER ◽  
SOPHIA M. BOUS ◽  
MICHAEL L. MANNING
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Morphological Species ◽  
Southern Species ◽  
Northeastern Coast

Members of the genus Amaurobioides construct silk retreats in rock crevices of the marine spray zone, a harsh and unusual habitat for spiders. This study expands the distribution records of three morphological species of Amaurobioides found on the eastern and southern coasts of New Zealand’s South Island and uses mitochondrial DNA to examine their relationships and characterize their dispersal capabilities. Both 16S and ND1 sequences distinguish A. pletus found on the northeastern coast from a complex of two southern species comprised of A. maritimus from the mainland and A. picunus from Stewart Island. Neither 16S DNA nor ND1 protein separates these southern species. However, ND1 parsimony and likelihood analyses place 10 of 11 Stewart Island specimens in a clade of low support that nests deeply within A. maritimus. A nested haplotype analysis characterizes A. maritimus and A. picunus populations as having restricted gene flow/dispersal but with some long distance dispersal. Genetic distances between A. pletus and the A. maritimus-A. picunus complex indicate a Pliocene origin, whereas distances between A. maritimus and A. picunus suggest a Pleistocene divergence.

Mitochondrial DNA variation and genetic relationships of Populus species

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Barrett ◽  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
F. C. H Yeh ◽  
Bruce P. Dancik ◽  
Curtis Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Populus Species ◽  
Atpase 6

We examined variation in and around the region coding for the cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI) and ATPase 6 (atp6) genes in the mitochondrial genomes of four Populus species (P. nigra, P. deltoides, P. maximowiczii, and P. tremuloides) and the natural hybrid P. × canadensis (P. deltoides × P. nigra). Total cellular DNAs of these poplars were digested with 16 restriction endonucleases and probed with maize mtDNA-specific probes (CoxI and Atp6). The only variant observed for Atp6 was interspecific, with P. maximowiczii separated from the other species as revealed by EcoRI digestions. No intraspecific mtDNA variation was observed among individuals of P. nigra, P. maximowiczii, P. × canadensis, or P. tremuloides for the CoxI probe. However, two varieties of P. deltoides were distinct because of a single site change in the KpnI digestions, demonstrating that P. deltoides var. deltoides (eastern cottonwood) and var. occidentalis (plains cottonwood) have distinct mitochondrial genomes in the region of the coxI gene. Populus × canadensis shared the same restriction fragment patterns as its suspected maternal parent P. deltoides. Nucleotide substitutions per base in and around the coxI and atp6 genes among the Populus species and the hybrid ranged from 0.0017 to 0.0077. The interspecific estimates of nucleotide substitution per base suggested that P. tremuloides was furthest removed from P. deltoides and P. × canadensis and least diverged from P. nigra. Populus maximowiczii was placed between these two clusters.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, poplars, phylogenetics, variation, restriction fragment length polymorphisms.

Mitochondrial DNA evidence of distinct glacial refugia for brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in the Great Lakes

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1450-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Murdoch ◽  
P DN Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Brown Bullhead ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Ameiurus Nebulosus ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to survey the mitochondrial genome of Ameiurus nebulosus for nucleotide sequence variation. Two hundred and forty-nine individuals were analyzed from 12 populations across the Great Lakes drainage and 3 populations in possible refugial drainages. Fifteen restriction endonucleases revealed 50 distinct haplotypes among these fish. Two major phylogenetic assemblages, A and B, were revealed with an average 3.22% sequence divergence. Both assemblages were themselves fragmented into two groups. Strong geographic patterning was observed in the frequency of assemblages and groups across the sampling area: assemblage A was predominant in fish from populations east of Lake Erie, while western populations were dominated by assemblage B. The distribution and phylogenetic divergence of mitochondrial haplotypes indicate that brown bullhead in the Great Lakes originated from two Pleistocene refugia and further provides genetic evidence of subdivision within these refugia. Pleistocene glaciations appear to have had a similar influence on the geographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA lineages of other North American fishes. In contrast with these other species, however, much of the mitochondrial DNA variation and divergence was retained in brown bullhead populations living south of the ice sheets and is represented in extant populations.

Genetic relationships of North American bears (Ursus) inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA sequences

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 626-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Cronin ◽  
M.M. McDonough ◽  
H.M. Huynh ◽  
R.J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Polar Bears ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms

The three species of bears in North America, polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774), brown bears (Ursus arctos L., 1758), and black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780), have differentiated morphologies and nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. An exception is a paraphyletic mitochondrial DNA relationship and some nuclear gene lineages common to polar bears and a population of brown bears from islands in southeast Alaska. In this study, we quantified the genetic relationships of extant brown bears and black bears from Alaska and Montana, and polar bears from Alaska, with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and mtDNA cytochrome-b sequences. Bayesian cluster analyses of the AFLP data show each species is distinct. All brown bears, including those from the islands in southeast Alaska, cluster separately from polar bears, and black bears cluster separately from brown bears and polar bears. The mtDNA of polar bears and southeast Alaska island brown bears is paraphyletic as reported previously, but the species have different haplotypes. These data indicate that extant populations of brown bears and polar bears have separate nuclear and mitochondrial gene pools and are supported as species under the genetic species concept.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the rare riparian moss Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. inferred from trnL-F plastid DNA sequences

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sabovljevic ◽  
J.P. Frahm
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
German Population ◽  
F Region

The genetic relationships of Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. are studied from chloroplast sequences of the trnL-F region. On the basis of the molecular data obtained, the German population can be considered to be derived from Scandinavian(Swedish) rather than North American populations. To judge from the genetic distances between the Swedish and German populations, the separation must have occurred along time ago.

Genetic variation within and relatedness among wood and plains bison populations

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Wilson ◽  
C Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Dna Microsatellites ◽  
Island State ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Wood Buffalo National Park

There are two recognized subspecies of bison, wood (Bison bison athabascae) and plains (Bison bison bison) bison. The establishment of most bison populations from a small number of individuals has raised concerns about their genetic variation. To this end, 11 bison populations were surveyed with 11 microsatellite loci in order to calculate genetic variation and genetic distances. Mean number of alleles ranged between 3.18 at Antelope Island State Park (Utah) and 6.55 at Wood Buffalo National Park (Alberta and Northwest Territories). Mean heterozygosity ranged from 0.295 at Antelope Island State Park to 0.669 at Custer State Park (South Dakota). The amount of genetic variability present in the bison populations as measured by mean number of alleles and overall probability of identity was found to correlate with the number of founders for all sampled populations. The G-test for heterogeneity revealed some evidence for the existence of subpopulations at Wood Buffalo National Park, however very small genetic distances between these subpopulations suggest that nuclear material from the plains bison introduced into Wood Buffalo National Park has diffused throughout the park. Genetic distances between the sampled populations were generally larger between than within the two bison subspecies.Key words: Bison bison bison, Bison bison athabascae, DNA microsatellites, genetic variation, genetic relatedness.

Diversification of the North American Doellingeria-Eucephalus Clade (Astereae: Asteraceae) Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-942
Author(s):  
Geraldine A. Allen ◽  
Luc Brouillet ◽  
John C. Semple ◽  
Heidi J. Guest ◽  
Robert Underhill
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The North ◽  
Hybridization Event ◽  
Ancient Hybridization

Abstract—Doellingeria and Eucephalus form the earliest-diverging clade of the North American Astereae lineage. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and plastid sequence data show that the Doellingeria-Eucephalus clade consists of two main subclades that differ from current circumscriptions of the two genera. Doellingeria is the sister group to E. elegans, and the Doellingeria + E. elegans subclade in turn is sister to the subclade containing all remaining species of Eucephalus. In the plastid phylogeny, the two subclades are deeply divergent, a pattern that is consistent with an ancient hybridization event involving ancestral species of the Doellingeria-Eucephalus clade and an ancestral taxon of a related North American or South American group. Divergence of the two Doellingeria-Eucephalus subclades may have occurred in association with northward migration from South American ancestors. We combine these two genera under the older of the two names, Doellingeria, and propose 12 new combinations (10 species and two varieties) for all species of Eucephalus.

Mitochondrial DNA-Based Phylogeography of North American Rubber Boas, Charina bottae (Serpentes: Boidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A Rodrı́guez-Robles ◽  
Glenn R Stewart ◽  
Theodore J Papenfuss
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
North American

A study of the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs using DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niles Lehman ◽  
Peter Clarkson ◽  
L.David Mech ◽  
ThomasJ. Meier ◽  
RobertK. Wayne
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Relationships
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