Species differences in activity patterns during oestrus

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Cushing ◽  
J. Michelle Cawthorn
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Peromyscus Californicus ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Running Wheels ◽  
Lower Limits

The onset of oestrus in females has been associated with an increase in locomotor activity; however, we predicted that there would be species in which the females would not increase their activity during oestrus. We tested this in the laboratory, using running wheels, with white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and California mice (Peromyscus californicus), which were predicted to increase activity, and hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), which were predicted to show no change in activity level. The results supported our predictions, as cotton rats showed no change, while both Peromyscus species increased activity during oestrus. Based upon laboratory activity patterns we conducted a field study to examine the relative levels of activity of two species, white-footed mice and prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). We predicted that significantly more white-footed mice than prairie voles would be caught during oestrus. Before trapping we generated a model to predict the probability of capturing oestrous females. Live-trapping results supported our prediction, as significantly more oestrous female white-footed mice were captured than prairie voles (48.8 vs. 7.5%), and capture of oestrous white-footed mice deviated significantly from the model's prediction. The capture of oestrous prairie voles fit within the lower limits of the model's predictions. The results are discussed in terms of mating strategies, how oestrus is achieved, and predation risk.

Influences of weather and moonlight on activity patterns of small mammals: a biogeographical perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K Stokes ◽  
Norman A Slade ◽  
Susan M Blair
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Data Set ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Probability Of Capture

We analyzed 15 years of trapping data on prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) to elucidate behavioural responses to weather by season and time of day. Use of such a long-term data set is rare and ameliorates many of the problems with short-term data sets typically used for such analysis. The trapping was conducted in the east-central part of Kansas (U.S.A.), near the southern edge of the distribution of prairie voles and the northern edge of the distribution of cotton rats. These distributions provide the framework for differing hypotheses as to responsiveness of individuals of the two species to weather phenomena as indicated by the probability of capture. Probability of capture was statistically significantly affected by weather, most frequently by precipitation and temperature. Effects varied with season and between species, and were generally consistent with hypotheses based on the northern (boreal and temperate) history of prairie voles and southern (subtropical and temperate) history of cotton rats and with predation-avoidance hypotheses. Variation in the probabilities of capture of cotton rats was more associated with weather, especially in the colder seasons, than was variation in the probabilities of capture of prairie voles. In summer, capture rates of prairie voles were more susceptible to weather than were those of cotton rats.

Effects of Differential Weight Gains on Activity Level of Young and Adult Hispid Cotton Rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 512-514
Author(s):  
James R. Nevitt ◽  
Arthur E. Harriman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Weight Factor ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Rate Of Movement

The degree of movement manifested by rats in laboratory activity tests may be correlated with the rate of weight gain by individual subjects. In a test of this possibility, cotton rats of differing weights at the same age were compared in a test measuring rate of movement. The weight factor proved to be inversely related to gross activity in young animals but directly in adults. These findings suggest that weight as well as age contributes to the activity level in this species.

scholarly journals Application of YOLOv4 for Detection and Motion Monitoring of Red Foxes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723
Author(s):  
Anne K. Schütz ◽  
Verena Schöler  ◽  
E. Tobias Krause  ◽  
Mareike Fischer  ◽  
Thomas Müller  ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Animal Activity

Animal activity is an indicator for its welfare and manual observation is time and cost intensive. To this end, automatic detection and monitoring of live captive animals is of major importance for assessing animal activity, and, thereby, allowing for early recognition of changes indicative for diseases and animal welfare issues. We demonstrate that machine learning methods can provide a gap-less monitoring of red foxes in an experimental lab-setting, including a classification into activity patterns. Therefore, bounding boxes are used to measure fox movements, and, thus, the activity level of the animals. We use computer vision, being a non-invasive method for the automatic monitoring of foxes. More specifically, we train the existing algorithm ‘you only look once’ version 4 (YOLOv4) to detect foxes, and the trained classifier is applied to video data of an experiment involving foxes. As we show, computer evaluation outperforms other evaluation methods. Application of automatic detection of foxes can be used for detecting different movement patterns. These, in turn, can be used for animal behavioral analysis and, thus, animal welfare monitoring. Once established for a specific animal species, such systems could be used for animal monitoring in real-time under experimental conditions, or other areas of animal husbandry.

Pedestrian Activity Among California Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Mathews ◽  
Natalie Colabianchi ◽  
Brent Hutto ◽  
Delores M. Pluto ◽  
Steve P. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Random Digit Dial

Background:The objectives of this study were to assess (1) pedestrian activity levels among adults, (2) where and why adults engage in pedestrian activity, and (3) what adults consider when deciding where to engage in pedestrian activity.Methods:Pedestrian activity was assessed in 12,036 California adults, ≥18 years, using a random digit-dial telephone survey.Results:Significant differences were identified by race, sex, age, and physical activity level in the type, location, and purpose of pedestrian activities. Men engage in pedestrian activity at work, and women engage in pedestrian activity while escorting children to school and running errands. Whites primarily engage in leisure-time pedestrian activity, and non-whites are more likely to engage in pedestrian activity for transportation. Older adults were less active than their younger counterparts.Conclusions:These findings should be considered by public health agencies and their partners as they continue to increase and promote opportunities for pedestrian activity. Additional research is needed to assess older adults’ physical activity patterns and preferences, barriers, and facilitators to effectively tailor physical activity promotion efforts to this at-risk group.

Activity patterns in relation to body mass and ambient temperature among overwintering cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Eifler ◽  
Norman A Slade
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sigmodon Hispidus ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Class Time ◽  
Time Class ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Probability Of Capture

We examined mass-specific activity patterns among overwintering cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in northeastern Kansas. We livetrapped animals for a 24-h period, checking traps every 2 h. Trapping occurred every 2 weeks for 5 months. We estimated probability of capture for each mass class, time class, and date, then tested for differences in probability of capture (i.e., activity levels) using a General Linear Model with temperature as a covariate. Large cotton rats were significantly less active than small and intermediate-sized cotton rats. Activity of small cotton rats increased with decreasing temperature, whereas larger cotton rats were less responsive to temperature. Finally, activity levels of large and small cotton rats did not vary significantly with time of day, but intermediate-sized cotton rats were significantly less likely to be captured during the night than at dusk.

Movements, Activity Patterns and Habitat Use of Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) in a Tropical Habitat

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Caley
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
The Mean

Movements, activity patterns and habitat use of feral pigs were studied in a tropical woodland habitat by radio-telemetry, live-trapping and hunter returns. The mean aggregate home-range size was 33.5 km2 for boars and 24.1 km2 for sows. Feral pigs were rather sedentary, with no tendency to disperse great distances from their initial home ranges. Pigs were most active at night, with peaks of activity in the late afternoon and early morning. Pigs preferentially used the riparian vegetation strip bordering major rivers, and grain crops, when available. The implications for the management of pigs are discussed.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and, mental health determinants of 24-hour motor activity patterns (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Difrancesco ◽  
Harriëtte Riese ◽  
Kathleen R. Merikangas ◽  
Haochang Shou ◽  
Vadim Zipunnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Severity Of Depression

BACKGROUND Analysing actigraphy data using standard circadian parametric models and aggregated nonparametric indices may obscure temporal information that may be a hallmark of the circadian impairment in psychiatric disorders. Functional data analysis (FDA) may overcome such limitations by fully exploiting the richness of actigraphy data and revealing important relationships with mental health outcomes. To our knowledge, no studies have extensively used FDA to study the relationship between sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and psychiatric clinical characteristics and daily motor activity patterns assessed with actigraphy in a sample of individuals with and without depression/anxiety. OBJECTIVE We study the association of daily motor activity patterns assessed via actigraphy with (1) sociodemographic, health and lifestyle and, sampling factors; (2) psychiatric clinical characteristics (i.e., presence and severity of depression/anxiety disorders). METHODS 14-day continuous actigraphy data of 359 participants with current (n=93), remitted (n=176) or no (n=90) DSM-IV based depression/anxiety diagnosis was obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. The associations of patterns of daily motor activity, quantified via Functional Principal Component analysis (fPCA), and sociodemographic, health and lifestyle and, sampling factors and psychiatric clinical characteristics, were assessed using Generalized Estimating Equation regressions. For exploratory purpose, function-on-Scalar Regression (FoSR) was applied to quantify the temporal impact of sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and psychiatric clinical characteristics on daily motor activity. RESULTS Four features of daily activity patterns captured the overall daily activity level (fPCA1, 34.3% variability), earlier versus later morning activity (fPCA2, 16.5% variability), biphasic versus monophasic activity (fPCA3, 14.8% variability), earlier versus later biphasic activity (fPCA4, 11.8% variability). Low overall daily activity level was associated with several sociodemographic, lifestyle, sampling and psychopathology variables (P<0.05): older age, higher education level, higher BMI, higher number of chronic diseases, higher number of cigarettes per day, non-working/school days, winter season, having current depressive/anxiety disorders, higher depressive symptom severity. Earlier morning activity was associated with older age, having a partner, work/school days, autumn and spring (ref. winter) (P<0.05). Monophasic activity was associated with older age (P<0.01). Biphasic activity was associated with work/school days, summer (ref. winter) (P<0.01). Earlier biphasic activity was associated with older age, work/school days, spring and summer (ref. winter) (P<0.01). In FoSR analyses, age, working and season were the main determinants having an impact on time of daily motor activity (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Features of daily motor activity extracted with fPCA reflect commonly studied factors such as the intensity of daily activity and preference for morningness/eveningness. Presence and severity of depression/anxiety disorders was found to mainly impact on overall lower activity pattern but not on time of activity. Age, working and season were most strongly associated with patterns and time of activity; future epidemiological studies on motor activity in depression/anxiety may take these into account.

scholarly journals POS1332 ETANERCEPT-ASSOCIATED NEW ONSET UVEITIS IN PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS UNDER BIOLOGICAL THERAPY: SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 948.2-948
Author(s):  
I. Nikishina ◽  
S. Arsenyeva ◽  
M. Kaleda ◽  
O. Kostareva ◽  
A. Shapovalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Paradoxical Phenomenon ◽  
New Onset

Background:Biological agents (BA), especially TNF inhibitors, are high efficacy options for current therapy for patients (pts) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). They are successfully used not only for the arthritis but also for JIA-associated uveitis, however, development of uveitis de novo in pts treated with BA is a well-established paradoxical phenomenon.Objectives:to evaluate the frequency of new onset (no-) uveitis, occurring under BA therapy in JIA pts, to establish clinical features, which may be associated with development of such effects.Methods:retrospective cohort study involved all JIA pts (1136) who were treated with BA in our clinic from 2004 to 2020. All cases of no-uveitis were collected for the describing of their clinical features in disease onset and course, activity level, JIA category, exposure to Methotrexate (MTX) and BA, presence of ANA, HLA B27.Results:among of 1136 pts treated with different BA we identified 36 (3.3%) pts (19 female/17 male) with no-uveitis under BA. Mostly during etanercept (ETA) therapy (34 cases from 488 ETA courses, 7%), 1/166 - in abatacept (ABA) and 1/372 - in adalimumab (ADA). 30 pts (83%) with no-uveitis developed it on the 1st line of BA treatment (29 ETA vs 1 ADA). 4pts (11%) developed no-uveitis on 2 nd line (3 ETA vs 1 ABA). 2 pts (6%) on third line (all ETA, both pts had also psoriasis). There are no cases of no-uveitis under other BA. Frequency of no-uveitis was much higher in ETA group. ETA exposure was 26.8 ± 28.8 months (mo). It means there are no “safe” period of therapy from paradoxical phenomenon of no-uveitis. JIA subtypes were as follows: RF-neg polyarthritis 9 (25%), persistent oligoarthritis 3 (8%), extended oligoarthritis 21 (59%), enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) - 3 (8%). Average age at JIA onset was 4.6 ± 3.9 yrs. 20/36 patients had high laboratory activity (CRP 54 ± 23 mg/l; ESR 41 ± 19 mm/h) and severe arthritis before BA initiation. However most of pts (25/36) achieved 90-100% ACRpedi-response by the uveitis development. 23/36 pts were ANA-positive, 17/36 pts had HLAB27, including 7 pts who had the both features. Uveitis was occurred earlier in ANA plus HLAB27 positive pts (mean exposure - 15.3 mo) than in only ANA-positive or HLAB27-positive pts (27.7 mo and 27.6 mo accordingly). 29/36 (81%) of pts received methotrexate (MTX) in mean dosage 11.5 mg/m2/week. There are no differences in time of uveitis development depending of MTX. In all cases of no-uveitis BA was switched.Conclusion:Our study suggested that new onset of uveitis is rare adverse event during BA therapy in JIA. Uveitis can develop despite the excellent effect of therapy on joint manifestation. The most typical development of no-uveitis is under ETA therapy, especially in the predisposed cases (certain variants of JIA, ANF positivity, HLAB27 presence) and in patients with very high disease activity at the time of the start of biological therapy.Disclosure of Interests:Irina Nikishina Speakers bureau: Novartis, MSD, Pfizer, Abbvie, Hofman la Roche, Svetlana Arsenyeva: None declared, Maria Kaleda Speakers bureau: Novartis, Roche, MSD, Olga Kostareva: None declared, Anna Shapovalenko: None declared, Ekaterina Denisova: None declared, Anna Panova: None declared

Field and laboratory activity patterns in the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa domifex (Hancock)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McQueen ◽  
B. Culik
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Influence Activity

The major objectives of this study were to determine the amount of time that the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa domifex spends engaged in various types of activity in both the laboratory and field, and to test the hypothesis that these animals exhibit diel activity patterns. Seven types of activity were common. In the field, activity patterns were monitored using photocells, and in the laboratory, closed-circuit television was used. In both the field and laboratory, no statistically significant diel patterns were observed. Similar results were obtained from a single individual which was intensively studied during six time periods monitored over a 1-month period. The conclusion is that diel light patterns, sudden changes in light intensity, or endogenous rhythms do not influence activity patterns in G. domifex. The average time spent in each type of activity was (a) 3.2 min/h resting at the burrow mouth, (b) 21.3 min/h resting in the top 4 cm of the burrow, (c) 30.5 min/h below 5 cm, (d) 2.2 min/h outside the burrow, and (e) 2.8 min/h active in the top 4 cm of the burrow.

scholarly journals Physical activity level of female and male adult cats before and after running wheel habituation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn B. Detweiler ◽  
Samona Rawal ◽  
Kelly S. Swanson ◽  
Maria R. C. de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Physical Activity Measurement ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Running Wheels

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate whether access to a running wheel increases voluntary physical activity in adult female and male domestic cats. Eight neutered domestic shorthair male cats (mean age 8·6 (sd 0·05) years) and eleven intact domestic shorthair female cats (mean age 3·3 (sd 0·14) years) were group housed for 22 h daily and individually housed during the feeding period. Voluntary physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Experimental design consisted of 1 week of baseline physical activity measurement, followed by 3 weeks of wheel habituation, and 1 week of physical activity measurement post-wheel habituation. Female cat voluntary physical activity levels increased (P < 0·05) post-habituation during the dark period, resulting in an altered (P < 0·05) light:dark activity ratio, whereas male cat voluntary physical activity levels remained unchanged post-habituation. Food anticipatory activity did not differ pre- and post-habituation. However, it corresponded to a numerically greater proportion of daily physical activity for males (17·5 %) v. females (12 %). In general, female cats were more active than male cats. Habituation to a running wheel appears to be an effective method to increase voluntary physical activity of younger female cats. Thus, running wheels might be a potential strategy in the prevention or management of feline obesity.

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