Influences of weather and moonlight on activity patterns of small mammals: a biogeographical perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K Stokes ◽  
Norman A Slade ◽  
Susan M Blair
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Data Set ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Probability Of Capture

We analyzed 15 years of trapping data on prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) to elucidate behavioural responses to weather by season and time of day. Use of such a long-term data set is rare and ameliorates many of the problems with short-term data sets typically used for such analysis. The trapping was conducted in the east-central part of Kansas (U.S.A.), near the southern edge of the distribution of prairie voles and the northern edge of the distribution of cotton rats. These distributions provide the framework for differing hypotheses as to responsiveness of individuals of the two species to weather phenomena as indicated by the probability of capture. Probability of capture was statistically significantly affected by weather, most frequently by precipitation and temperature. Effects varied with season and between species, and were generally consistent with hypotheses based on the northern (boreal and temperate) history of prairie voles and southern (subtropical and temperate) history of cotton rats and with predation-avoidance hypotheses. Variation in the probabilities of capture of cotton rats was more associated with weather, especially in the colder seasons, than was variation in the probabilities of capture of prairie voles. In summer, capture rates of prairie voles were more susceptible to weather than were those of cotton rats.

Activity patterns in relation to body mass and ambient temperature among overwintering cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Eifler ◽  
Norman A Slade
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sigmodon Hispidus ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Class Time ◽  
Time Class ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Probability Of Capture

We examined mass-specific activity patterns among overwintering cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in northeastern Kansas. We livetrapped animals for a 24-h period, checking traps every 2 h. Trapping occurred every 2 weeks for 5 months. We estimated probability of capture for each mass class, time class, and date, then tested for differences in probability of capture (i.e., activity levels) using a General Linear Model with temperature as a covariate. Large cotton rats were significantly less active than small and intermediate-sized cotton rats. Activity of small cotton rats increased with decreasing temperature, whereas larger cotton rats were less responsive to temperature. Finally, activity levels of large and small cotton rats did not vary significantly with time of day, but intermediate-sized cotton rats were significantly less likely to be captured during the night than at dusk.

Trophic Level Relationships in Pelagic Food Webs: Comparisons Derived from Long-Term Data Sets for Oneida Lake, New York (USA), and Lake St. George, Ontario (Canada)

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1588-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. McQueen ◽  
Edward L. Mills ◽  
John L. Forney ◽  
Mark R. S. Johannes ◽  
John R. Post
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Oneida Lake ◽  
Pelagic Food Webs ◽  
Term Data

We used standardized methods to analyze a 14-yr data set from Oneida Lake and a 10-yr data set from Lake St. George. We estimated mean summer concentrations of several trophic level indicators including piscivores, planktivores, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and total phosphorus, and we then investigated the relationships between these variables. Both data sets yielded similar long-term and short-term trends. The long-term mean annual trends were that (1) the relationships between concentrations of planktivores and zooplankton (including daphnids) were always negative, (2) the relationships between concentrations of zooplankton and various measures of phytoplankton abundance were unpredictable and never statistically significant, and (3) the relationships between total phosphorus and various measures of phytoplankton abundance were always positive. Over short periods, the data from both lakes showed periodic, strong top-down relationships between concentrations of zooplankton (especially large Daphnia) and chlorophyll a, but these events were unpredictable and were seldom related to piscivore abundance.

scholarly journals Modeling Insulin-Glucose Dynamics during Insulin Induced Hypoglycemia. Evaluation of Glucose Counterregulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris P. Kovatchev ◽  
Leon S. Farhy ◽  
Daniel J. Cox ◽  
Martin Straume ◽  
Vladimir I. Yankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Type I ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Utilization Coefficient ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glucose Dynamics

A dynamical network model of insulin-glucose interactions in subjects with Type I Diabetes was developed and applied to data sets for 40 subjects. Each data set contained the amount of dextrose + insulin infused and blood glucose (BG) determinations, sampled every 5 minutes during a one-hour standardized euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and a subsequent one-hour BG reduction to moderate hypoglycemic levels. The model approximated the temporal pattern of BG and on that basis predicted the counterregulatory response of each subject. The nonlinear fits explained more than 95% of the variance of subjects' BG fluctuations, with a median coefficient of determination 97.7%. For all subjects the model-predicted counterregulatory responses correlated with measured plasma epinephrine concentrations. The observed nadirs of BG during the tests correlated negatively with the model-predicted insulin utilization coefficient (r = -0.51,p< 0.001) and counterregulation rates (r= -0.63,p< 0.001). Subjects with a history of multiple severe hypoglycemic episodes demonstrated slower onset of counterregulation compared to subjects with no such history (p< 0.03).

Species differences in activity patterns during oestrus

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Cushing ◽  
J. Michelle Cawthorn
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Peromyscus Californicus ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Running Wheels ◽  
Lower Limits

The onset of oestrus in females has been associated with an increase in locomotor activity; however, we predicted that there would be species in which the females would not increase their activity during oestrus. We tested this in the laboratory, using running wheels, with white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and California mice (Peromyscus californicus), which were predicted to increase activity, and hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), which were predicted to show no change in activity level. The results supported our predictions, as cotton rats showed no change, while both Peromyscus species increased activity during oestrus. Based upon laboratory activity patterns we conducted a field study to examine the relative levels of activity of two species, white-footed mice and prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). We predicted that significantly more white-footed mice than prairie voles would be caught during oestrus. Before trapping we generated a model to predict the probability of capturing oestrous females. Live-trapping results supported our prediction, as significantly more oestrous female white-footed mice were captured than prairie voles (48.8 vs. 7.5%), and capture of oestrous white-footed mice deviated significantly from the model's prediction. The capture of oestrous prairie voles fit within the lower limits of the model's predictions. The results are discussed in terms of mating strategies, how oestrus is achieved, and predation risk.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics provides a robust framework for the relationships of the major clades of cladobranch sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), but fails to resolve the position of the enigmatic genus Embletonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Karmeinski ◽  
Karen Meusemann ◽  
Jessica A. Goodheart ◽  
Michael Schroedl ◽  
Alexander Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The soft-bodied cladobranch sea slugs represent roughly half of the biodiversity of marine nudibranch molluscs on the planet. Despite their global distribution from shallow waters to the deep sea, from tropical into polar seas, and their important role in marine ecosystems and for humans (as targets for drug discovery), the evolutionary history of cladobranch sea slugs is not yet fully understood. Results To enlarge the current knowledge on the phylogenetic relationships, we generated new transcriptome data for 19 species of cladobranch sea slugs and two additional outgroup taxa (Berthella plumula and Polycera quadrilineata). We complemented our taxon sampling with previously published transcriptome data, resulting in a final data set covering 56 species from all but one accepted cladobranch superfamilies. We assembled all transcriptomes using six different assemblers, selecting those assemblies that provided the largest amount of potentially phylogenetically informative sites. Quality-driven compilation of data sets resulted in four different supermatrices: two with full coverage of genes per species (446 and 335 single-copy protein-coding genes, respectively) and two with a less stringent coverage (667 genes with 98.9% partition coverage and 1767 genes with 86% partition coverage, respectively). We used these supermatrices to infer statistically robust maximum-likelihood trees. All analyses, irrespective of the data set, indicate maximal statistical support for all major splits and phylogenetic relationships at the family level. Besides the questionable position of Noumeaella rubrofasciata, rendering the Facelinidae as polyphyletic, the only notable discordance between the inferred trees is the position of Embletonia pulchra. Extensive testing using Four-cluster Likelihood Mapping, Approximately Unbiased tests, and Quartet Scores revealed that its position is not due to any informative phylogenetic signal, but caused by confounding signal. Conclusions Our data matrices and the inferred trees can serve as a solid foundation for future work on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of Cladobranchia. The placement of E. pulchra, however, proves challenging, even with large data sets and various optimization strategies. Moreover, quartet mapping results show that confounding signal present in the data is sufficient to explain the inferred position of E. pulchra, again leaving its phylogenetic position as an enigma.

Investigation into the development and historical roots of collection development by referenced publication year spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Basharat Ahmad Malik ◽  
Ashiya Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Collection Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Abstract Author ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of

Purpose The purpose of this study is the application of a recently developed quantitative method named Referenced Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS) in the spectrum of Collection Development. RPYS portrays peak years to be recognized in citations in a research field that guarantees to assist in the identification of significant contributions and groundbreaking revelations in a research field. Design/methodology/approach Preliminary data of the study has been extracted from Web of Science (WoS) by using two phrases “collection development” and “collection building” to search in terms of the topic (comprising four parts: title, abstract, author keywords and KeyWords Plus). The search was restricted to the time period 1974-2017, which formulated a data set of 1,682 documents covering 29,017 cited references. The program CRExplorer (www.crexplorer.net) was used for the extraction of cited references from the data sets downloaded from WoS. Further analysis was performed manually using MS-Excel 2016. Findings The present study identified seminal works, which contributed to a high extent to the evolution and development of collection development. The analysis of all cited references using the RPYS method showed nine peaks, which present historical roots of collection development and revealed that the basic idea of this very subfield of library science dates centuries back. Moreover, the results of the investigation on most effective documents (in the form of peaks) revealed that the field of collection development significantly influenced by the works of authors such as Gabriel Naudé, Gabriel Peignot, Giulio Petzholdt, P L Gross, E M Gross, Richard Trueswell, Allen Kent, Ross Atkinson, etc. Practical implications The analysis of works cited in publications helps to ascertain important intellectual contributions related to a particular domain of knowledge. It not only helps in extracting the most important works but also it helps to reconstruct the history of a specific research field by examining the specific role of the cited references. Therefore, the results of the study could be useful for researchers, practitioners, scholars and more specifically bibliophiles, bibliographers and librarians to gain a better understanding of seminal works in the spectrum of collection development. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, the present research work is unique and novel in the spectrum of collection development, which explored and examined the pivotal works in the field by using the RPYS method.

scholarly journals Interlaboratory comparison of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i>D measurements of atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> for combined use of data sets from different laboratories

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1207-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Umezawa ◽  
Carl A. M. Brenninkmeijer ◽  
Thomas Röckmann ◽  
Carina van der Veen ◽  
Stanley C. Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Carbon And Hydrogen Isotope

Abstract. We report results from a worldwide interlaboratory comparison of samples among laboratories that measure (or measured) stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of atmospheric CH4 (δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4). The offsets among the laboratories are larger than the measurement reproducibility of individual laboratories. To disentangle plausible measurement offsets, we evaluated and critically assessed a large number of intercomparison results, some of which have been documented previously in the literature. The results indicate significant offsets of δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4 measurements among data sets reported from different laboratories; the differences among laboratories at modern atmospheric CH4 level spread over ranges of 0.5 ‰ for δ13C-CH4 and 13 ‰ for δD-CH4. The intercomparison results summarized in this study may be of help in future attempts to harmonize δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4 data sets from different laboratories in order to jointly incorporate them into modelling studies. However, establishing a merged data set, which includes δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4 data from multiple laboratories with desirable compatibility, is still challenging due to differences among laboratories in instrument settings, correction methods, traceability to reference materials and long-term data management. Further efforts are needed to identify causes of the interlaboratory measurement offsets and to decrease those to move towards the best use of available δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4 data sets.

scholarly journals DataMeadow: A Visual Canvas for Analysis of Large-Scale Multivariate Data

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Elmqvist ◽  
John Stasko ◽  
Philippas Tsigas
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Dependencies ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multidimensional Data Sets ◽  
High Degree

Supporting visual analytics of multiple large-scale multidimensional data sets requires a high degree of interactivity and user control beyond the conventional challenges of visualizing such data sets. We present the DataMeadow, a visual canvas providing rich interaction for constructing visual queries using graphical set representations called DataRoses. A DataRose is essentially a starplot of selected columns in a data set displayed as multivariate visualizations with dynamic query sliders integrated into each axis. The purpose of the DataMeadow is to allow users to create advanced visual queries by iteratively selecting and filtering into the multidimensional data. Furthermore, the canvas provides a clear history of the analysis that can be annotated to facilitate dissemination of analytical results to stakeholders. A powerful direct manipulation interface allows for selection, filtering, and creation of sets, subsets, and data dependencies. We have evaluated our system using a qualitative expert review involving two visualization researchers. Results from this review are favorable for the new method.

Canadian Prostitution Law

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Jones
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Crime Reporting ◽  
Online Review ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sex Trade ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uniform Crime Reporting

This chapter reviews the history of prostitution law in Canada. It begins with a review of relevant literature on the history and policy of the sex trade in Canada, along with current laws and their enforcement. It then discusses two sources of data available for use in prostitution research in Canada: the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, a data set that tracks crime and arrest information, and the Erotic Review (TER), a data set drawn from an online review website for sex professionals. These data sets are employed in descriptive analysis of the state of prostitution markets in Canada. The chapter also considers the challenges brought against Canadian prostitution law and concludes by suggesting potential research directions.

scholarly journals Construction of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves for precipitation with annual maxima data in Rwanda, Central Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Demarée ◽  
H. Van de Vyver
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Probabilistic Information ◽  
Idf Curves ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. Detailed probabilistic information on the intensity of precipitation in Central Africa is highly needed in order to cope with the risk analysis of natural hazards. In the mountainous areas of Rwanda land slides frequently occur and might cause a heavy toll in human lives. The establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves for precipitation in Central Africa remains a difficult task as adequate long-term data sets for short aggregation times are usually not available. In 1962 recording raingauges were installed at several stations in Rwanda. According to the climatological procedures in use at that time in Congo, Rwanda and Burundi, maximum monthly and annual precipitation depths for fixed-time durations of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 min were determined from the rainfall charts. The data set is completed by the monthly and annual daily precipitation extremes from the non-recording raingauge at the stations. The authors used the dataset to establish the IDF-curves for precipitation at 3 stations in Rwanda having more than 20 yr of operation. The fixed-hour intervals of multiple 15 min require the use of a technique converting data from fixed-time intervals into data of arbitrary starting intervals. Therefore, the van Montfort technique was used.

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