Temporal patterns of parasitoid fly (Ormia ochracea) attraction to field cricket song (Gryllus integer)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Cade ◽  
Mark Ciceran ◽  
Anne-Marie Murray
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Ormia Ochracea ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Cricket Song ◽  
Temporal Rate ◽  
Gryllus Integer ◽  
Male Cricket

Female flies, Ormia ochracea (Diptera, Tachinidae), orient to the calling song of the field cricket Gryllus integer (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) and deposit larvae that burrow into and consume the cricket host. Selection pressure from O. ochracea has probably been important in the evolution of male cricket songs and mating behaviour in G. integer and other cricket species. Tape-recorded G. integer calling song was broadcast to study the temporal rate of attraction of O. ochracea. Flies became phonotactic to cricket song approximately at sunset, and the highest level of attraction was observed in the following hours of the evening. Fly phonotaxis decreased in the hours immediately preceding sunrise and no flies were attracted during daylight hours. More male G. integer call at sunrise and in the preceding hours than earlier in the evening, perhaps in response to the lower probability of attracting O. ochracea.

Differences in age structure among field cricket populations (Orthoptera; Gryllidae): possible influence of a sex-biased parasitoid

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Murray ◽  
William H. Cade
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Ormia Ochracea ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
Gryllus Integer ◽  
Study Species

This study examined age structure in adult populations of three species of field cricket, Gryllus veletis, G. pennsylvanicus, and G. integer. Adults were aged by counting growth layers in cross sections of tibiae. The study species differ in several life-history traits including the likelihood of parasitism by Ormia ochracea, a tachinid that orients to calling males. Gryllus integer is parasitized whereas G. veletis and G. pennsylvanicus are not. Such differences between the species should result in different age patterns. Data from field collections demonstrated that adult G. veletis and G. pennsylvanicus had similar maximum life-spans of about 4 weeks, and males were similar in age or slightly older than females. The maximum age for female G. integer was also about 4 weeks, but few males > 20 days old were encountered. Moreover, male G. integer were significantly younger than females in five out of six samples. This pattern in G. integer, evident in 2 successive years, could be consistent with sex-biased mortality by Ormia ochracea. The results are discussed in relation to differential longevities and the intensity of sexual selection on male mating behaviour.

Nightly and hourly rates of attraction of flying field crickets, Gryllus integer, to conspecific song

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2540-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Cade
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Cricket Song ◽  
Gryllus Integer

Nightly and hourly rates of attraction of flying field crickets, Gryllus integer, to conspecific calling song were studied in an arena placed in the natural habitat of the species in central Texas. Calling of male G. integer in the arena and tape-recorded broadcasts of conspecific song were the sources of cricket song that subsequently attracted flying crickets. Observations were conducted for 10 h from approximately 1.5–2 h past sunset to 3 h past sunrise for 97 nights in 1983 and 1985–1988, using calling males, and for 4 nights in 1988, using taped song. The number of crickets attracted each night varied greatly, significantly more females were attracted, the numbers of males and females attracted decreased near sunrise, and significantly more crickets entered the arena from 2 to 6 h than from 7 to 11 h past sunset. Results are discussed in the context of mating behavior and sexual selection in this and other species.

Factors that possibly influence variation in the calling song of field crickets: temperature, time, and male size, age, and wing morphology

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantine Souroukis ◽  
William H. Cade ◽  
Gareth Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Hind Wing ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Wing Dimorphism ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Gryllus Integer ◽  
Temperature Time

The structure of the calling song of the Texas field cricket, Gryllus integer, was studied. Pulse rates, percentage of missed pulses within a trill, numbers of pulses per trill or trill lengths, and intertrill intervals were measured for males singing in the field and in the laboratory. All song parameters were variable and were distributed normally. Intertrill intervals were longer in the laboratory, but all other parameters were similar in laboratory and field populations. Pulse rates varied in a linear fashion with ambient temperature in the laboratory and field. The percentage of missed pulses in a trill decreased with increasing temperature in the field and in the laboratory; intertrill intervals varied inversely with temperature only in the field. In field populations, immediately before and after sunrise male songs had fewer pulses per trill and a greater frequency of missed pulses than songs produced for a few hours following sunset. Song structure did not vary with age, weight, or hind-wing dimorphism. Most song parameters were correlated with each other. The data are discussed in terms of female choice and attraction to male song, male competition by way of acoustical interaction, and underlying genetic variation in G. integer.

Courtship song is more variable than calling song in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Zuk ◽  
Darren Rebar ◽  
Sarah Primrose Scott
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Song ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Teleogryllus Oceanicus

Natural variation in the temporal patterning of calling song structure in the field cricket Gryllus pennsylvanicus: effects of temperature, age, mass, time of day, and nearest neighbour

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ciceran ◽  
Anne-Marie Murray ◽  
Gareth Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Temporal Patterning ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Song Structure ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Male Age ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Genetic and environmental sources of variation in the temporal patterning of song structure may be important variables influencing male field cricket reproductive success. Song structure in both field and laboratory populations of Gryllus pennsylvanicus was examined to assess possible sources of variation. Factors examined included temperature, male age, body mass, time of day, and male spacing patterns. Temperature was positively correlated with pulse rate and negatively correlated with interchirp interval for both field and laboratory populations. Temperature was negatively correlated with chirp duration only in the field population. Calling song structure did not vary with male age or mass. Time of day had a significant effect on the song parameters examined, even when data were corrected for temperature differences. Males calling in the morning had faster pulse rates and shorter chirp durations than males recorded at night time. Male spacing patterns also influenced calling; isolated males had longer intervals between consecutive chirps than clumped males. Data are discussed in terms of acoustical competition between males and female choice.

Sperm Competition in the Field Cricket Gryllus integer (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vickie L. Backus ◽  
William H. Cade
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Gryllus Integer

scholarly journals Frequency tuning and directional sensitivity of tympanal vibrations in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (128) ◽  
pp. 20170035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Lankheet ◽  
Uroš Cerkvenik ◽  
Ole N. Larsen ◽  
Johan L. van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Song Production ◽  
Song Frequency ◽  
Phase Differences

Female field crickets use phonotaxis to locate males by their calling song. Male song production and female behavioural sensitivity form a pair of matched frequency filters, which in Gryllus bimaculatus are tuned to a frequency of about 4.7 kHz. Directional sensitivity is supported by an elaborate system of acoustic tracheae, which make the ears function as pressure difference receivers. As a result, phase differences between left and right sound inputs are transformed into vibration amplitude differences. Here we critically tested the hypothesis that acoustic properties of internal transmissions play a major role in tuning directional sensitivity to the calling song frequency, by measuring tympanal vibrations as a function of sound direction and frequency. Rather than sharp frequency tuning of directional sensitivity corresponding to the calling song, we found broad frequency tuning, with optima shifted to higher frequencies. These findings agree with predictions from a vector summation model for combining external and internal sounds. We show that the model provides robust directional sensitivity that is, however, broadly tuned with an optimum well above the calling song frequency. We therefore advocate that additional filtering, e.g. at a higher (neuronal) level, significantly contributes to frequency tuning of directional sensitivity.

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