Geographic variation in the polytene chromosome banding pattern of the Holarctic midge Chironomus (Camptochironomus) tentans (Fabricius)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iya I. Kiknadze ◽  
Karlygash G. Aimanova ◽  
Larissa I. Gunderina ◽  
Malcolm G. Butler ◽  
J. Kevin Cooper
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
European Populations

Polytene chromosomes of Chironomus (Camptochironomus) tentans from Europe, Siberia, and North America were examined to clarify genetic relationships among widely distributed populations of this Holarctic midge. This first extensive cytogenetic analysis of Siberian populations confirms earlier suppositions that C. tentans karyotypes are quite uniform across the Palearctic from western Europe to Yakutia. Greater differences exist among North American populations in Minnesota, Michigan, and Massachusetts, and as a group, these Nearctic populations share so few banding sequences with Palearctic C. tentans that recognition of discrete sibling species on each contintent is warranted. Photomaps of polytene chromosomes for both Palearctic and Nearctic sibling species are presented, and banding sequences are described with standardized notation. In total, 42 inversion sequences were found in the 18 Siberian populations examined, 15 of which were previously undescribed. Of the 19 sequences found in the three American populations studied, only 6 were shared with the Palearctic. Three of the seven chromosome arms in Nearctic C. tentans had no sequences in common with European populations and four shared none with Siberian populations.

A polytene chromosome study of four populations of Anopheles aquasalis from Venezuela

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Moncada Perez ◽  
Jan Conn
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Anopheles Aquasalis ◽  
Collection Sites

Polytene chromosome studies were undertaken to elucidate taxonomic relationships among populations of Anopheles aquasalis and A. emilianus in Venezuela. Four collection sites were chosen: two in Sucre state (Santa Fe and Guayana) where A. aquasalis (considered to be A. emilianus by Gabaldón and Escalante) is presumed to be the major regional vector of Plasmodium vivax; and two in areas where no malaria transmission occurs (Caño Rico, Aragua state, and Puerto Cabello, Carabobo state). The chromosome banding pattern of the four populations was identical and conformed to the standard chromosome map of A. aquasalis from Brazil. These results suggest that the population from Santa Fe and Guayana, considered to be A. emilianus, is conspecific with A. aquasalis. However, its status as a distinct species with a homosequential polytene chromosome banding pattern cannot be ruled out.Key words: polytene chromosomes, Anopheles aquasalis, malaria, chromosome banding.

A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona F. Hunter ◽  
Victoria Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Species Complexes

Using the banding pattern of Eusimulium vernum (Macquart) as a standard, the polytene chromosomes of seven North American members of the vernum group are described. These are Eusimulium aestivum (Davies, Peterson, and Wood), E. impar (Davies, Peterson, and Wood), E. gouldingi (Stone), E. croxtoni (Nickolson and Mickel), E. pugetense Dyar and Shannon, E. quebecense (Twinn), and an undescribed species provisionally designated Simulium sp. near furculatum/croxtoni. Two of these species, pugetense and quebecense, apparently are sibling species complexes. An inversion cladogram separates the seven species into two distinct lineages; aestivum, impar, pugetense, and quebecense belong to one and gouldingi, croxtoni, and Simulium sp. to the other.

A cytological description of sibling species of Simulium venustum and S. verecundum with standard maps for the subgenus Simulium Davies (Diptera)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Rothfels ◽  
Ray Feraday ◽  
Aina Kaneps
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Circumpolar Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Maps ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Relationship

The paper proposes standard polytene chromosome maps for species groups in the subgenus Simulium. In the S. venustum/verecundum complex we distinguish by their chromosomes a minimum of seven sibling species designated by their IIS sequences, as follows: EFG/C (S. truncatum?) holarctic; EFG, Germany; CC (S. venustum?) North America (with probably CC 1 a separate sibling); A/C venustum, New Hampshire (with AC(gB) venustum Newfoundland probably distinct); CC 2 Ontario, Newfoundland; AA verecundum Newfoundland (with possibly A/C verecundum, Ontario distinct); and ACD (S. verecundum? = sublacustre) holarctic. Three of these taxa (EFG/C, ACD, and CC) were probably recognized by taxonomists, though the circumpolar distribution of the first two was not reliably recorded. The remaining species were not previously resolved. The chromosomal characteristics of all species are described and notes are given on available details of their biology and distribution. Some broad aspects of the relationship between cytological and taxonomic methodology in the group are discussed.

Mitotic and polytene chromosome analysis in Dacus oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mavragani-Tsipidou ◽  
G. Karamanlidou ◽  
A. Zacharopoulou ◽  
S. Koliais ◽  
C. Kastritsis
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Dacus Oleae

The present study constitutes the first attempt to construct a photographic map of the polytene chromosomes of Dacus oleae, a pest of the olive tree that causes serious financial damage in all olive oil producing countries. The map was constructed by using the larval fat body cells, the chromosomes of which are representative of the polytene chromosomes of other polytene tissues. In addition, the mitotic chromosomes of brain ganglia were examined, permitting tentative correlations between mitotic and polytene elements. This investigation shows that D. oleae is suitable for cytogenetic analysis in both mitotic and polytene chromosomes, a fact that may prove very useful for obtaining more detailed genetic information on the pest's natural populations.Key words: Dacus oleae, polytene chromosomes, mitotic chromosomes.

An intra- and inter-island study of the polytene chromosomes of Simulium exasperans (Diptera: Simuliidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Spironello ◽  
Fiona F Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Chromosomal Banding ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons ◽  
First Time

The polytene chromosome banding pattern of Simulium exasperans (Craig, 1987) is described for the first time. Three populations of S. exasperans from Moorea and Tahiti were examined cytologically. Interspecific comparisons revealed that S. exasperans is homosequential in chromosomal banding pattern to Simulium cataractarum (Craig, 1987), but contains three species-characteristic floating inversions: IL-1ex.2ex, IIL-1ex,2ex, and IIIL-1ex. No sex-linked inversions were identified; males and females had undifferentiated sex chromosomes. The IIL-1ex,2ex inversion was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in two of the three populations. From this preliminary data, two cytotypes may exist: cytotype A (Belvedre Cascade population) and cytotype B (1st Afareaitu Cascade and Jardin Public Vaipahi populations). Contrary to phylogenetic and biogeographic data, it is hypothesized that the Belvedre Cascade population (cytotype A) is ancestral to the populations containing cytotype B. Furthermore, a heterozygote advantage may exist in cytotype B.

A cytogenetic analysis of the polytene chromosomes of Anopheles triannulatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from western Venezuela

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Conn
Keyword(s):  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Association Pattern ◽  
First Time

The larval polytene chromosomes of Anopheles triannulatus are described for the first time in this report. The population from western Venezuela was chosen arbitrarily as the chromosome standard and is the basis for the photomap presented here. Anopheles triannulatus displays whole-arm associations distinct from other members of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus that have been examined cytogenetically. The association pattern for An. triannulatus is 2R–3R and 2L–3L, rather than the more common 2R–2L and 3R–3L. The possible role of whole-arm translocations in speciation is briefly discussed.Key words: Anopheles triannulatus, polytene chromosome photomap, whole-arm translocation, Venezuela.

Polytene chromosome mapping in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bedo
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Characteristic Features

Polytene chromosome reference maps of the five autosomes of Ceratitis capitata from male pupal orbital bristle trichogen cells are presented and a correlation is established between two of them and the two largest of the five autosomes in the haploid mitotic complement. Characteristic features of each chromosome are described identifying areas that are difficult to analyze and noting the existence of common alternative band expression. A quantitative analysis of the mitotic karyotype of C. capitata indicates that the two smallest autosome pairs cannot be reliably distinguished. This may present problems with future attempts to establish homologies between the remaining mitotic and polytene chromosomes. A comparison of polytene chromosome banding patterns from salivary gland and trichogen cells failed to find any homologous regions, or even to identify homologous chromosomes. The banding differences are not explained by variation in puffing patterns, heterochromatin expression, or polyteny levels, but appear to reflect fundamental differences in banding patterns of the chromosomes in each tissue. Key words: Ceratitis capitata, polytene chromosome map, mitotic chromosome measurements.

Relationships within the melanogaster species subgroup of the genus Drosophila ( Sophophora ) - II. Phylogenetic relationships between six species based upon polytene chromosome banding sequences

1976 ◽  
Vol 193 (1112) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

The melanogaster species subgroup of Drosophila comprises six sibling species. The interrelationship between these species has been studied by analysis of the banding patterns of their polytene chromosomes. The species fall into two groups: (1) melanogaster, simulans and mauritiana and (2) erecta, teissieri and yakuba . The former group are chromosomally closely related, indeed simulans and mauritiana are homosequential. The latter group (all African endemic species) are less closely related although they all share eight autosomal inversions of the standard (i. e. melanogaster ) sequence. From this shared sequence the chromosomes of the three African endemic species have diverged considerably by many paracentric inversions. Both D. teissieri and D. yakuba are polymorphic; we describe nine and four inversion sequences in them respectively. D. erecta is monomorphic although our sample size is very small (only two populations). We discuss both the origin of interspecific inversions, especially the problem of inversion breakpoint coincidence, and the light this study throws upon evolutionary relationships within this group of species.

Description of Chironomus quinnitukut, n. sp., closely related tothe C. decorus group in North America, with characterization of an additional larval form from halobiontic habitats

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2716 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JON MARTIN ◽  
JAMES E. SUBLETTE ◽  
BROUGHTON A. CALDWELL
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
North America ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Larval Form

Chironomus quinnitukqut n. sp., from halobiontic habitats in Connecticut and Massachusetts, is described on the basis of the adult and larval morphology, and the banding pattern of the salivary gland chromosomes. In previous studies, the Connecticut population has been referred to as Chironomus atrella Townes, but a re-examination has indicated that it can be readily differentiated from C. atrella in all life stages. Rather, the banding pattern of the polytene chromosomes indicates the species, is best placed as a member of the Chironomus decorus group. Larvae of a second halobiontic species, C. species Cape Cod, are morphologically very similar to C. quinnitukqut and this species also appears to be a member of the C. decorus group.

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