Oxygen transport efficiency of multiple-component hemoglobin in Daphnia magna

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2169-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyori Kobayashi ◽  
Ken-ichi Ishigaki ◽  
Michisuke Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshihiko Igarashi ◽  
Kiyohiro Imai
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
P Values ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Multiple Component ◽  
Hb Concentration

The Adair constants for Daphnia magna hemoglobin (Hb) oxygen equilibrium curves (OECs) were determined, and the fractional oxygen saturation (Y) was differentiated in terms of partial O2 pressure (p), for Hb-rich (YR) and for Hb-poor (YP) animals. Y′ (dY/dp), which depends on loading and unloading p values of Hb, is used to estimate O2 transport efficiency. The ratio of the Y′ values (Y′R/Y′P) peaked (2.9) at a value close to the p50 of HbR. Using two OECs (YI and YII) for monocomponent human adult Hb A, which have similar O2 affinities to HbR and HbP, respectively, a markedly high ratio of differential coefficients (Y′I/Y′II) was obtained. It is therefore considered that the occurrence of multiple Hb's showing an inverse correlation between Hb concentration and p50, as in D. magna, minimizes the total Hb concentration required for adaptation to a wide range of O2 conditions.

scholarly journals Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Carla Zannella ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
Debora Stelitano ◽  
Annalisa Ambrosino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Molecular Volume ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.

Path Integral Calculations of Particle Self-Energy and Effective Mass in Coulomb Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sa-Yakanit ◽  
V. D. Lakhno ◽  
Klaus Haß
Keyword(s):  
Effective Mass ◽  
Path Integral ◽  
State Energy ◽  
Coulomb Systems ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Coupling Region ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Consistent Approximation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range

The generalized path integral approach is applied to calculate the ground state energy and the effective mass of an electron-plasmon interacting system for a wide range of densities. It is shown that in the self-consistent approximation an abrupt transition between the weak coupling and the strong coupling region of interaction exists. The transition occurs at low electron densities according to a value of 418 for rs, when Wigner crystallization is possible. For densities of real metals, the electron bandwidth is calculated and a comparison with experimental results is given.

scholarly journals Framing the Values of Vernacular Architecture for a Value-Based Conservation: A Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4974
Author(s):  
Obafemi A. P. Olukoya
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Value Model ◽  
Contextual Values ◽  
Range Of Values

While a growing number of researchers have provided series of tough critiques of the typology-led heritage value assessment over the recent years, the impacts have been constrained by the continued obsession with expanding the list of the predetermined value typologies rather than escaping its limitations. While these sustained debates have provided important insights, this article argues that operationalizing these predetermined ‘one-size-fits-all’ value typologies is symptomatic of a number of shortcomings, especially in the context of capturing the pluralities of values in contextualized heritage such as vernacular architecture. It also often undermines inclusivity and participation in the valuing processes. However, rather than simply rejecting the values-based paradigm, this article proposes a conceptual value assessment framework that is informed by the theorization of vernacular architecture as a contextualized heritage. The proposed Vernacular Value Model (VVM) puts forward the ‘when(s)’ and ‘how(s)’ of amalgamating both technical and normative processes to capture the range of contextual values present in built vernacular heritage. To this end, this article posits that by drawing on such a proposed flexible framework, the conservation strategy for built vernacular heritage can be propagated as an inclusive and participatory process which captures the wide range of values for a more sustainable practices for conservation.

scholarly journals The effect of enriched cyclopoid copepods on the coloration and feeding rate of Betta splendens

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
A Yuslan ◽  
N Nasir ◽  
H Suhaimi ◽  
A Arshad ◽  
N W Rasdi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
B Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
L Value

Abstract Copepods with a wide range of sizes, species, and nutritional compositions are preferred as live food for rearing of Betta splendens larvae. This research focuses on evaluating the efficiency of copepod enrichment diets in improving the coloration and feeding rate of B. splendens. Copepod were enriched with Chlorella sp. (T1), capsicum (T2), mixed vegetable (carrot + spinach), (T3), yeast (T4) and rice bran (T5) in 24 hours prior the feeding tests. As a result, proximate analysis of enriched-copepods showed that T1 (70.88±0.41) has highest protein content and T5 (22.01±0.59) has the highest lipid content. The specific growth rate and survival rate of B. splendens was highest in the treatment T1 (2.56±0.07%; 91.11±1.92%) and followed closely by T3 (2.49±0.51%; 85.55±8.39%). Feeding rate, T3 (70.08±3.88%) presented highest rate compared to other treatments. The different enrichment diets used were significantly impact the coloration test on body of L* value (P=0.001, P<0.05), T3 (66.11±3.60) appeared darker in color in contrast to others. As for a* value, the coloration was not impacted with the use of different enrichment on copepods (P=0.158, P>0.05) was detected for T1 (2.84±0.73) that gave a redder shade than other treatments did. T3 (2.40±0.30) exerted a more yellowish shade than the rest for b* value with a significant difference (P=0.015, P<0.05). The current study demonstrates that, rice bran, capsicum and mixed vegetable enrichment (carrot and spinach) have the potential to be an effective means of increasing B. splendens coloring and feeding rate. This potential diet can be further used as a substitution to artificial foods in producing sustainable culture of ornamental fish in the aquaculture industry.

scholarly journals Characterization and Applications of Diamond-like Nanocomposites: A Brief Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan Adhikary ◽  
Sayan Das ◽  
Debasish De ◽  
Anup Mondal ◽  
Utpal Gangopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scale Network

Diamond-like Nanocomposites (DLN) is a newly member in amorphous carbon (a:C) family. It consists of two or more interpenetrated atomic scale network structure. The amorphous silicon oxide (a:SiO) is incorporated within diamond-like carbon (DLC) matrix i.e. a:CH and both the network is interpenetrated by Si-C bond. Hence, the internal stress of deposited DLN film decreases remarkably compare to DLC. The diamond like properties has come due to deform tetrahedral carbon with sp3 configuration and high ratio of sp3 to sp2 bond. The DLN has excellent mechanical, electrical, optical and tribological properties. Those the properties of DLN could be varied over a wide range by changing deposition parameters, precursor and even post deposition treatment also. The range of properties are : Resistivity 10-4 to 1014 Ωcm, hardness 10–22 GPa, coefficient of friction 0.03-0.2, wear factor 0.2-0.4 10-7mm3/Nm, transmission Vis-far IR, modulus of elasticity 150-200 GPa, residual stress 200-300 Mpa, Dielectric constant 3-9 and maximum operating temperature 6000C in oxygen environment and 12000C in O2 free air. Generally, the PECVD method is used to synthesis the DLN film. The most common procedures used for investigation of structure and composition of DLN films are Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), HRTEM, FESEM and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS). Interest in the coating technology has been expressed by nearly every industrial segment including automotive, aerospace, chemical processing, marine, energy, personal care, office equipment, electronics, biomedical and tool and die or in a single line from data to beer in all segment of life. In this review paper, characterization of Diamond-like Nanocomposites is discussed and subsequently different application areas are also elaborated.

scholarly journals Robotic Walk Along Cart

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensors ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Tension Free ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Loading And Unloading

Many people all around are having problems by carrying heavy weights on their shoulders and travelling around with trolleys. In busy airports, shopping malls and many other places people often face difficulty with this issue. Housekeeping robots that localize on walking person and follow the path of the user can stand as an advantage to the posed problem. The robotic cart proposed here focuses on reducing the load the user carries. It develops a platform for sending and receiving a signal that would provide a simple and practical means for the robot to determine a path by following the user and avoiding obstacles using ultrasonic sensors and also the ability to self-localize. This reduces the tiring experience faced by people and makes them tension free. The key of the design is to use the Wi-Fi technology to transmit the location of the user to the cart and LoRa technology to give the location of the cart. Meanwhile, together with both the technologies, the proposed design achieves the high feasibility and flexibility of the controllable distance as it follows the user. As a result, the proposed system shows efficiency up to 88%. A follower robot application can be extended to a wide range of fields as in the case of porters at railway stations, loading and unloading goods at factories (civil and industrial fields) and as a helping hand for elderly people thus allowing them to avoid the goods they have to carry along.

NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF SMOLUCHOWSKI'S EQUATIONS FOR THE COAGULATION OF UNCHARGED AEROSOLS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 2312-2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Beeckmans
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Dispersion Parameter ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Differential Sedimentation ◽  
Smoluchowski’S Equation

Smoluchowski's equations for the coagulation of uncharged aerosol particles were programmed for solution by electronic computer. Terms representing differential sedimentation, turbulence, and mean aggregate density in solid aerosols were included. The effect of heterogeneity in the particle-size distribution of the aerosols on their rate of coagulation was illustrated by means of a slip-corrected coagulation factor Fc, which assumes a value of unity in all non-turbulent homogeneous aerosols. Curves of Fc vs. σg, the geometrical standard deviation, were calculated for aerosols of various mean particle-size. The effects due to turbulence, and to differential sedimentation, were illustrated in a similar manner. It was also found that the process of coagulation gives rise to a degree of dispersion which is independent of the original dispersion parameter, and depends only slightly on the mean particle-size of the aerosol over a wide range of particle-sizes. In the particle-size range in which differential sedimentation is inappreciable, the relatively constant value of the dispersion parameter implies that heterogeneous aerosols must obey the simplified integrated form of Smoluchowski's equation, which is applicable to homogeneous aerosols. The coagulation constant exceeds that predicted by the simple theory by about 10% for liquid aerosols of 0.1 μ or less.

"MULTIPLE-COMPARISONS" PROBLEM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. A30-A30
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
P Value ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
P Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
True Null Hypotheses ◽  
The Individual

Often investigators report many P values in the same study. The expected number of P values smaller than 0.05 is 1 in 20 tests of true null hypotheses; therefore the probability that at least one P value will be smaller than 0.05 increases with the number of tests, even when the null hypothesis is correct for each test. This increase is known as the "multiple-comparisons" problem...One reasonable way to correct for multiplicity is simply to multiply the P value by the number of tests. Thus, with five tests, an orignal 0.05 level for each is increased, perhaps to a value as high as 0.25 for the set. To achieve a level of not more than 0.05 for the set, we need to choose a level of 0.05/5 = 0.01 for the individual tests. This adjustment is conservative. We know only that the probability does not exceed 0.05 for the set.

Effect of Ratio of Liquid Pigment on Colouring Cement Matrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
David Bujdoš ◽  
Lucia Bulíková
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Colour Space ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cie Lab

Nowadays, the colouring is used in wide range of architectural concrete. Therefore, determination efficiency of pigments in case of particular combination of input materials is necessary. The research deals with influence of concentration of liquid inorganic pigments on the resulting colour of cement mortars. Two liquid pigments (yellow, red) were used for measurement purposes to verify their optimal ratio to achieve the best colouring of cement specimens. Pigments were mixed in the mortars of two types of cements used for architectural and decorative design. The colour change was determined using Konica Minolta spectrophotometer in colour space CIE Lab (1976). General definition of deviation in the colour space ΔELab was applied for calculating of colour deviation. From the results of the laboratory tests is obvious that significant change of the colour of cement specimens do not show between the concentration of 6% and 9% of the pigment per cement weight yet. Consequently, using of high ratio of pigment than 9% is not profitable neither for purchaser, nor builder. Future research will focus on trials with a more elaborate share of pigment and it will have importance for price optimization in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Giant emission features at large distances from PNe: A preliminary investigation

1997 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
C. Zanin ◽  
R. Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristic ◽  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Linear Size ◽  
Chemical Abundance ◽  
Filamentary Structure ◽  
A Value ◽  
South West ◽  
Low Surface Brightness

“Senile” PNe are very old nebulae of extremely low surface brightness and large linear size; they offer e.g. the possibility of probing the conditions of the ISM also non-locally. We give three examples of huge nebulae in a preliminary inquire.NGC 3242: An ESO Schmidt plate obtained in April 1996 shows the ‘wrapped’ morphology of the faint arc discovered by Deeming (1966, Astrophys. J. 146, 287) 11′ south-west of this PN. Probably this arc is part of a giant halo of very low surface brightness around NGC 3242, but up to now the detection of the halo is questionable. A spectrum of the filament obtained at Las Campanas shows [O iii]/Hα ∼ 5 compared with a value of ∼ 3 in the nebula (Perinotto et al. 1994, Astron. Astrophys. Supp., 107, 481). This high ratio is larger than that expected for the excitation class of NGC 3242, even larger than the maximum allowed for a photo-ionized nebula of more or less normal chemical abundance. Thus, due to the spectral characteristic and to the filamentary structure of the arc we suspect that shocks appear to play a role.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document