Stegotricha enterikos gen.nov., sp.nov. (class Phyllopharyngea, order Rhynchodida), a parasitic ciliate in the digestive gland of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), and its distribution in British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Bower ◽  
G. R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Fission ◽  
New Family ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gland Tissue

Stegotricha enterikos gen.nov., sp.nov. is found in the lumen of the digestive gland tubules of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793)), where it multiplies by transverse binary fission. Nondividing stages have an elongated ovoid body (49.8 ± 10.3 μm long and 18.1 ± 3.4 μm wide) covered by about 16 evenly spaced, slightly oblique kineties (ciliary rows), except for a small naked area on one side of the posterior end. One kinety, associated with the naked area, is unusual, with cilia spaced two to three times as far apart as in the other somatic kineties. A cytopharyngeal structure composed of radially arrayed overlapping sheets of microtubules occurs at the anterior end and occasionally encompasses extrusomes. The centrally located macronucleus is large (about 16 × 12 μm) and the micronucleus (about 2.5 μm in diameter) is either posterior or anterior to the macronucleus. Except for the extent of ciliation, S. enterikos is most closely affiliated with the family Ancistrocomidae. Instead of creating a new family, we suggest that the diagnosis of the Ancistrocomidae be expanded to include ciliates with complete ciliation. Stegotricha enterikos was found in 2.5–72.5% of the oysters (n = 40) sampled between November 1985 and March 1990 from 35 localities in British Columbia. Most infections (86%) were light (1–9 ciliates per wet mount of digestive gland tissue). However, there was no evidence of pathogenesis in 22 oysters with heavy infections (more than 25 ciliates per wet mount).

A new phylogenetic analysis of the Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda) with a revision of the Australian giant pill-millipedes

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wesener
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Position ◽  
The South ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family

Cyliosoma Pocock, 1895, the oldest available genus name for Australian giant pill-millipedes, is revised with a redescription of its type species, Sphaerotherium angulatum Butler, 1878. All 16 species of Epicyliosoma Silvestri, 1917 are transferred to Cyliosoma, together with two species, Sphaerotherium fraternum Butler, 1872 and S. marginepunctatum Karsch, 1881, which are redescribed here. A new phylogenetic analysis of the Sphaerotheriida was conducted using 100 morphological characters and including two Cyliosoma species and four recently described or redescribed species of the family Zephroniidae. Most character states are illustrated for Cyliosoma, including the first SEM images of a member of the genus. Cyliosoma is neither closely related to the South African Sphaerotherium, nor to the other Australian genus, Procyliosoma, and is here placed in a new family, Cyliosomatidae. The monotypic Australian genus Cynotelopus Jeekel, 1986 is also referred to the Cyliosomatidae. The current position of the Cyliosomatidae is in a trichotomy including the South African Sphaerotheriidae and the Malagasy–Indian Arthrosphaeridae.

scholarly journals ON TWO GENERA OF MITES

1900 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Banks
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
European Literature ◽  
New Name ◽  
New Family ◽  
Great Size ◽  
The Family

In 1871, Thorell published his description of Rhagidia in a paper entitled, “Om Arachnider fran Spetsbergen och Beeren-Eiland.” He placed it in the family Eupodidœ, from the other genera of which it differed principally in the great size of the mandibles. In 1876, Cambridge, in his paper “On a new Order and some new Genera of Arachnida from Kerguelen's Land,” described Pœcilophysis as the type of a new family and a new order. He was unaware of Thorell's mite, yet there is but one prominent difference between them, Pœcilophysis is said to have eyes on the frontal tubercle. Neither of these authors gave any reference to any species of Koch's genus Scyphius, to which their forms bear a great resemblance. Koch described about a dozen species of this genus, many of which are doubtless only forms of one species. In the modern European literature, nothing is done with Koch's species of this genus, save by Oudemans (1897), who identifies four of the Kochian names. Oudemans, however, appears to be ignorant of the fact that there were several other names for this genus besides Scyphius, for he thinks, since Scyphius is preoccupied, that the genus must have a new name.

Real Stable, Stable, And Not-So Stable Polyhedra: All Stemming From A New Family

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geometric Properties ◽  
New Family ◽  
Regular Polyhedra ◽  
The Family ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
New Form ◽  
Axes Of Symmetry

A description of a Family of Polyhedra is given where the parent forms are the five regular polyhedra. The facial planes of the parent forms are subdivided into right triangles and by a series of rearrangements are allowed to move out of plane thus creating new volumetric forms while maintaining the same surface area. The axes of symmetry of the parent polyhedra are preserved. One new form is less stable than the parent and the other is more stable than the parent; thus giving rise to a family of real stable, stable and not-so stable polyhedra. Illustrations of all fifteen polyhedra in the family are given along with tables describing several of their geometric properties. The influence of precision on geometrical stability will also be demonstrated as related to architectural applications.

Systematics of Sciadoceridae and Relatives With Descriptions of Two New Genera and Species From Canadian Amber and Erection of Family Ironomyiidae (Diptera: Phoroidea)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. McAlpine ◽  
J. E. H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Systematic Relationships

AbstractThe systematic relationships of Sciadoceridae and of the other families of the superfamily Phoroidea, i.e., Platypezidae, Ironomyiidae and Phoridae, are reviewed. A new family, Ironomyiidae, is proposed for Ironomyia nigromaculata White from Tasmania. Two fossil flies in Canadian (Cretaceous) amber, representing two new genera and species of Sciadoceridae, are described and figured. These constitute the first record of the family in North America. The supposed phylogenies of the families of the Phoroidea and of the genera and species of Sciadoceridae are outlined; the evolution and biogeography of the latter family is treated in detail. Keys to the families of the Phoroidea and to the genera and species of Sciadoceridae are provided.

A new family for Sotoplax robertsi Guinot, 1984, with a diagnosis and key to the Goneplacoidea Macleay, 1838 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2356 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER CASTRO ◽  
DANIÈLE GUINOT ◽  
PETER K. L. NG
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family

Sotoplacidae nov. fam. is described for Sotoplax robertsi Guinot, 1984, a goneplacoid crab from the western Atlantic that had been provisionally placed in the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871. Sotoplax is characterised by a suite of characters, particularly related to the thoracic sternum, male abdomen, and to the protection of the penis, which places it as a taxon independent from the Euryplacidae and the other 10 families currently grouped in the superfamily Goneplacoidea MacLeay, 1838. A diagnosis of the Goneplacoidea, a detailed table of characters diagnostic to the 11 goneplacoid families, and a key to these families are also given.

Nomenclatural emendations (Cirripedia, Pedunculata) involving the family-group names Priscansermarinidae Newman, 1996, Neolepadinae Newman, 1996 & Zeugmatolepadidae Newman, 1996

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 756 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. NEWMAN
Keyword(s):  
Family Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Family ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family

The family-group names Priscansermarinidae Newman, 1996, Zeugmatolepadidae Newman, 1996, and Neolepadinae Newman, 1996 were not accompanied by a description or definition when proposed, whereby, in light of Article 13.1.1 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), they are nomen nudum (Grygier in lit.). It is the purpose of this note to rectify this situation. To my knowledge the first two family-group names have not appeared in print since 1996 and therefore they are proposed anew herein, as Priscansermarinidae fam. nov. and Zeugmatolepadidae fam. nov. The third family-group, the subfamily Neolepadinae Newman, 1996, has since been recognized and variously defined by subsequent authors, including Buckeridge (2000) and Southward & Jones (2004), but since neither declare it a new taxon, in light of Article 16.1 it cannot be attributed to them. On the other hand, Yamaguchi et al. (2004) divided the included genera between two new family-groups, the tribes Neolepadini and Ashinkailepadini Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004. Therefore, in accordance with Art. 36.1 (the Principle of Coordination), the Neolepadinae Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004, as defined by Yamaguchi et al. (2004:111), is proposed, nom. trans., herein.

scholarly journals ON THE ORIGIN OF MISOPHRIOID COPEPODS FROM ANCHIALINE CAVES

Crustaceana ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damia Jaume ◽  
Geoff Boxshall
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tethys Sea ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anchialine Caves ◽  
Submarine Caves

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships between the known genera of the order Misophrioida permit the identification of two lineages: one consisting of the family Misophriidae Brady, 1878 which comprises seven genera, and a new, monotypic family, the Palpophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999; the other consisting of another new family, the Speleophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999, comprising eight genera. Habitat exploitation by these families is discussed: members of the Misophriidae are primarily hyperbenthic, those of the Palpophriidae and Speleophriidae are primarily cavernicolous in anchialine habitats. The occurrence of misophriids in littoral and submarine caves is interpreted as evidence of a relatively recent landward extension of the habitat range in this family, from a shallow-water hyperbenthic ancestor. The distribution of speleophriids in anchialine caves is interpreted as resulting from a colonization episode prior to the closure of the Tethys Sea. The analysis also indicates that deep-water forms may represent a secondary colonization rather than an indication of deep-water ancestry for the entire order. El estudio de las relaciones filogeneticas entre los distintos generos pertenecientes al orden Misophrioida ha permitido la identificacion de dos linajes principales: uno compuesto por la familia Misophriidae Brady, 1878, integrada por siete generos, y una familia nueva, Palpophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999; el otro, integrado por otra nueva familia, Speleophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999, compuesta por ocho generos. Se discute la explotacion que del habitat hacen estas familias: los Misophriidae son primariamente hiperbenticos, mientras que Palpophriidae y Speleophriidae son cavernicolas en medio anquialino. La presencia de misofriidos en cuevas litorales y submarinas es interpretado como evidencia de una relativamente reciente extension tierra adentro del habitat ordinario de esta familia, a partir de un ancestro hiperbentico propio de aguas someras. La distribucion de los espeleofriidos en cuevas anquialinas es interpretada como resultado de un episodio de colonizacion anterior a la oclusion del mar de Tetis. El analisis indica tambien que las formas de aguas profundas representan una colonizacion secundaria mas que indicacion de un ancestro de aguas profundas para el orden entero.

scholarly journals Distribution of Tetrodotoxin in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Monika Dhanji-Rapkova ◽  
Andrew D. Turner ◽  
Craig Baker-Austin ◽  
Jim F. Huggett ◽  
Jennifer M. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Production Area

A potent and heat-stable tetrodotoxin (TTX) has been found to accumulate in various marine bivalve species, including Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), raising a food safety concern. While several studies on geographical occurrence of TTX have been conducted, there is a lack of knowledge about the distribution of the toxin within and between bivalves. We, therefore, measured TTX in the whole flesh, mantle, gills, labial palps, digestive gland, adductor muscle and intravalvular fluid of C. gigas using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Weekly monitoring during summer months revealed the highest TTX concentrations in the digestive gland (up to 242 µg/kg), significantly higher than in other oyster tissues. Intra-population variability of TTX, measured in the whole flesh of each of twenty animals, reached 46% and 32% in the two separate batches, respectively. In addition, an inter-population study was conducted to compare TTX levels at four locations within the oyster production area. TTX concentrations in the whole flesh varied significantly between some of these locations, which was unexplained by the differences in weight of flesh. This is the first study examining TTX distribution in C. gigas and the first confirmation of the preferential accumulation of TTX in oyster digestive gland.

scholarly journals Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 63. Validation of the family Phyllothalliaceae (Pallaviciniales, Jungermanniopsida, Marchantiophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Katagiri ◽  
Lars Söderström ◽  
Anders Hagborg ◽  
Matt Von Konrat
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Latin Description ◽  
Early Land

When Hodgson (1964) proposed the new family Phyllothalliaceae together with the initially monotypic genus Phyllothallia Hodgson (1964: 247) based on Phyllothallia nivicola Hodgson (1964: 247), she mentioned “This new family is not a splinter entity from any already recognized family, but is originated to contain a genus which in vegetative characters at least is completely different from any known genus. The characters of the family are those of the genus”. The first sentence specifies the features in which Phyllothalliaceae is different from the other families but not how these features differ and so it does not satisfy the requirement of Art. 38.1(a) for a description/diagnosis (see: Art. 38. 2. Ex. 4). Although Grolle (1972: 216) discussed the validity of the family and considered the second sentence fulfil the requirements for the valid publication, ICN (McNeill et al. 2012) allows a single description/diagnosis for monotypic genus and species only. Hence, the family Phyllothalliaceae lacked a description/diagnosis which was needed when proposed and it has never been validly published until now. In order to be able to use the name in the forthcoming world checklist of Hornworts and Liverworts (Söderström et al., in prep.), the family is validated here. Note that a Latin description is no longer needed under the current ICN (McNeill et al. 2012).

scholarly journals A new family for a deep-sea caridean shrimp from North Atlantic hydrothermal vents

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Vereshchaka
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Caridean Shrimp ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge

Mirocaris keldyshi gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, TAG Location (26°09′N 44°50′W). The family Mirocarididae is proposed to include the new genus. The taxonomic position and distinguishing characters (presence of hook-bearing thoracic epipods and rudimentary appendix interna on pleopods 2–4) of the new family as compared to the other families of the superfamily Bresilioidea (Bresiliidae, Disciadidae, and Alvinocarididae) are discussed, and revised diagnoses for these families are provided.

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