Factors influencing the production of turbidity by goldfish (Carassius auratus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1585-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Richardson ◽  
Frederick G. Whoriskey
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
Size Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Successful Colonization

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of body size, population size and structure, and temperature upon the level of turbidity generation by goldfish foraging in laboratory pools. Water temperature correlated with turbidity generation, which peaked at 25 °C but declined at 30 °C. Goldfish exhibited diurnal activity at all temperatures except 25 °C, where nocturnal behaviour predominated. Both body length and population size positively influenced turbidity production. Groups of a few large fish produced significantly more turbidity than groups of many small fish of equal biomass. Biomass was therefore a poor predictor of the level of turbidity, making it difficult to predict the impact of goldfish upon multispecific pond communities following successful colonization.

Survival Time and Weight Loss in Goldfish (Carassius Auratus)

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-985
Author(s):  
Allen H. Wolach ◽  
Maureen A. McHale ◽  
Clara S. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Reed Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Goldfish in Experiment 1 were placed on terminal deprivation when they reached 2, 3, 4, or 16 mo. Fish that were 4-mo.-old showed the greatest median survival time (2 mo.). Large fish lost a smaller percentage of their weight before death than small fish. Fish, unlike mammals, did not die when they lost a fixed percentage of their predeprivation weight. A second experiment was performed to assess recovery from deprivation. Feeding was reinstated for some of the fish after different numbers of days of deprivation (2, 28, 44, or 64 days). Fish that survived until feeding was reinstated recovered from deprivation.

scholarly journals MODELING URBAN CRIME PATTERNS USING SPATIAL SPACE TIME AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hashim ◽  
W. M. N. Wan Mohd ◽  
E. S. S. M. Sadek ◽  
K. M. Dimyati
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Crime Patterns ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Size Population ◽  
Crime Pattern

Abstract. The population size, population density and rate of urbanization are often crediting to contributing increasing a crime pattern specially in city. Urbanism model stating that the rise in urban crime and social problems is based on three population indicators namely; size, density and heterogeneity. The objective of this paper is to identify crime patterns of the hot spot urban crime location and the factors influencing the crime pattern relationship with population size, population density and rate of urbanization population. This study employed the ArcGIS Pro 2.4 tool such as Emerging Hot Spot Analysis (Space Time) to determine a crime pattern and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression to determine the factors influencing the crime patterns. By using these analyses tools, this study found that 54 (53%) out of 102 total neighbourhood locations (2011–2017 years) had a 99 percent significance confidence level where z-score exceeded +2.58 with a small p-value (p < 0.01) as the hot spot crime location. The result of data analysis using OLS regression explains that combination of exploratory variable model rate of urbanization and population size contributes 56 percent (R2 = 0.559) variance in crime index rate incident [F (3,39) = 18.779, p < 0.01). While the population density (β = 0.045, t = 0.700, p > 0.10) is not a significance contributes to the change in crime index rate in Petaling and Klang district. The importance of the study is useful information for encouraging government and law enforcement agencies to promote safety and reduce risk of urban population crime areas.

Physiological consequences of gill remodeling in goldfish (Carassius auratus) during exposure to long-term hypoxia

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (1) ◽  
pp. R224-R234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejana Mitrovic ◽  
Agnieszka Dymowska ◽  
Goran E. Nilsson ◽  
Steve F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Gill Remodeling ◽  
Total Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Impact

Goldfish ( Carassius auratus) acclimated to 7°C and exposed to hypoxia (∼10 mmHg) for 7 days exhibited a pronounced remodeling of the gill consisting of the removal of an interlamellar cell mass (ILCM). Subsequent experiments were designed to assess the impact of gill remodeling and the associated increase in functional lamellar surface area on the distribution of branchial ionocytes and Cl− flux across the gill. Despite the increased functional lamellar surface area during hypoxia, there was no corresponding increase in Cl− loss or efflux of the extracellular marker polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000). However, when hypoxic fish were returned to normoxic water for 12 h, rates of Cl− and PEG efflux were markedly stimulated in keeping with an increased surface area for solute movement. Similarly, the rate of branchial Cl− uptake was reduced (105 ± 22 vs. 45 ± 8 μmol·kg−1·h−1) in normoxic and hypoxic fish, respectively, but then stimulated (345 μmol·kg−1·h−1) upon reestablishment of normoxic conditions. Hypoxia (7 days) was accompanied by a significant decrease in the total cross-sectional area of branchial ionocytes owing to a decrease in their numbers and individual sizes. Thus, despite experiencing an increase in functional lamellar surface area, hypoxic goldfish limit branchial Cl− loss likely by a hypoxia-mediated decrease in paracellular permeability. In normoxic fish, the ionocytes were largely confined to the outer edges of the ILCM. During hypoxia, preexisting ionocytes migrated with the shrinking ILCM, while a smaller proportion of newly differentiated cells appeared below the surface of the ILCM. The capacity to maintain a population of ionocytes in contact with the water is an appropriate strategy to retain ionoregulatory capabilities regardless of whether the lamellae are uncovered or covered.

Subcutaneous injection of small fish: radionuclide release from the injection site

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-698
Author(s):  
Greg P. Busacker ◽  
Walter Chavin
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Radioactive Tracers ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Constant Dose ◽  
Radionuclide Release ◽  
Plateau Level

A technique is described for the subcutaneous injection of small fish using the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) as a model. Using radioactive tracers, (109Cd, 125I), maximum levels occur in the plasma at 4 and 16 min, with statistical plateaus evident by 2 and 4 min, respectively. The plateau level of injected material occurring in the plasma shortly after the injection exposes the tissues to a constant dose of the injected material for the duration of the plateau. In the case of 109Cd, this period is in excess of 4 h. Subcutaneous injection by this method provides low variability in delivery, rapid plasma – delivery site equilibration of the injected material, and a constant plasma level of the injected material for a significant time interval.

SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Waykin Nopanitaya ◽  
Joe W. Grisham ◽  
Johnny L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

Induction of Gynogenesis and Androgenesis in Goldfish Carassius auratus (var. oranda)

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Paschos ◽  
L Natsis ◽  
C Nathanailides ◽  
I Kagalou ◽  
E Kolettas
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

How to Psychologically Minimize Scratching Impulses

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Sölle ◽  
Theresa Bartholomäus ◽  
Margitta Worm ◽  
Regine Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Complaints ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Placebo Model

Research in recent years, especially in the analgesic field, has intensively studied the placebo effect and its mechanisms. It has been shown that physical complaints can be efficiently reduced via learning and cognitive processes (conditioning and expectancies). However, despite evidence demonstrating a large variety of physiological similarities between pain and itch, the possible transfer of the analgesic placebo model to itch has not yet been widely discussed in research. This review therefore aims at highlighting potential transfers of placebo mechanisms to itch processes by demonstrating the therapeutic issues in pharmacological treatments for pruritus on a physiological basis and by discussing the impact of psychological mechanisms and psychological factors influencing itch sensations.

Toxicity and deleterious impacts of selenium nanoparticles at supranutritional and imbalance levels on male goldfish (Carassius auratus) sperm

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 126758
Author(s):  
Javad Seyedi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kalbassi ◽  
Milad Esmaeilbeigi ◽  
Mohammad Behzadi Tayemeh ◽  
Jamshid Amiri Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus
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