Histomorphological changes in epidermal structure of juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) subjected to sustained exercise

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2450-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Schou Christiansen ◽  
Malcolm Jobling ◽  
Anil B. Amin ◽  
Hilde Ribe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Cell Layers

Groups of sexually immature juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were subjected to exercising regimes equivalent to either ~0.0 (control), 1.0, or 2.0 body lengths per second for 63 days. The effects of the different treatments on the epidermal structure of individual fish were examined. Epidermal thickness, measured in micrometres, did not vary between treatments, but fish exposed to a water current equivalent to 2.0 body lengths/s had increased numbers of epidermal cell layers compared with control fish. There were no differences in the numbers of mucous cells per millimetre of cell layer irrespective of the treatment employed, but the increase in the numbers of cell layers exhibited by exercised fish appeared to have resulted in an increase in the numbers of mucous cells per square millimetre of cross-sectional epidermal area (i.e., cell concentration). The superficial mucous cells were significantly larger in exercised fish than in control fish. There were no differences in the sizes of the underlying mucous cells among treatments. The variations in epidermal structure could not be ascribed to differences in individual growth parameters, but appeared to be a consequence of the different exercising regimes imposed upon the fish.

scholarly journals Environmentally Modulated Repeat Evolution of Polymorphic Arctic Charr Life History Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Grenier ◽  
Aslak Smalås ◽  
Runar Kjær ◽  
Rune Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sympatric Morphs

Sympatric Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L. 1758), morphs have flexible but repeated life history strategies tested across five Norwegian lakes. In several Scandinavian polymorphic Arctic charr populations differentiated by their diet and habitat use, a large littoral omnivorous (LO) morph commonly cooccurs with a smaller profundal spawning (PB/PZ) morph. A third, large piscivorous (PP) morph is also known to occur within a portion of Arctic charr populations in the profundal habitat along with the PB/PZ individuals. Life history traits, such as age at maturity, growth, and diet are known to differ among coexisting morphs. Notably, the PP morph was the longest morph with the oldest age at maturity while the PB/PZ morph showed the shortest lengths overall and youngest age with LO morph being intermediate in both traits. Growth parameters differed across all the morphs. When examining growth within morph groups, the LO morph was found to have different growth across all lakes, while similar reproductive investments and different energy acquisition patterns were seen within the PB/PZ and PP morphs. These results suggest repeat evolution in several life history strategies of reproductively isolated Arctic charr sympatric morphs, notably for the first time in the PP morph, while also highlighting the importance of the local environment in modulating life history traits.

The combined effects of stocking density and sustained exercise on the behaviour, food intake, and growth of juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Schou Christiansen ◽  
Yngvar Stavset Svendsen ◽  
Malcolm Jobling
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Relationship Of

The combined effects of stocking density and sustained exercise on the behaviour and food intake – growth relationship of individually tagged juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were examined. Both food intake and growth (weight gain) were significantly lower in fish stocked at the high density (initial biomass ~47 kg∙m−3) than in fish stocked at the low density (initial biomass ~23 kg∙m−3). When the charr stocked at low densities were subjected to sustained exercise, they showed higher growth rates than fish reared in standing water (control). In contrast, exercise did not give rise to improved growth performance in fish stocked at high densities. The growth – food intake ratio (food utilization) differed markedly between control and exercised fish. Irrespective of stocking density, food utilization was significantly better in exercising fish than in fish reared in standing water. The differences in food intake, growth, and food utilization are discussed in relation to the changes in behaviour and social interactions induced by forcing the fish to swim against a water current.

Hatchery Growth of Pure Strains and Intraspecific Hybrids of Juvenile Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpinus (Canadian × Norwegian Charr)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. E. de March
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Maternal Characteristic ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids

Growth parameters of 36 tank populations representing 23 full-sib families of Nauyuk and Norwegian Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and both reciprocal hybrids were determined for 1 yr. Hatching success of families was a maternal characteristic. Mean weights of families at 30 d after swim-up were related to maternal effects as well as the general and specific combining abilities of the two strains, with the weight contribution of the Nauyuk parent(s) larger than that of the Norwegian. At 125 d after swim-up, the mean weights and coefficients of variation (CVs) in the four types of crosses were Nauyuk dam × Nauyuk sire, 2.05 g ± 20%; Nauyuk dam × Norwegian sire, 2.10 g ± 24%; Norwegian dam × Nauyuk sire, 1.91 g ± 26%; and Norwegian dam × Norwegian sire, 1.71 g ± 31%. After 125 d, the Nauyuk dam × Norwegian sire families showed superior growth, while the Norwegian dam × Nauyuk sire families grew slowly and developed large size variation. At 325 d, reciprocal effects were evident, and mean weights and CVs were Nauyuk dam × Nauyuk sire, 36 g ± 45%; Nauyuk dam × Norwegian sire, 43 g ± 48%; Norwegian dam × Nauyuk sire, 30 g ± 68%; and Norwegian dam × Norwegian sire, 38 g ± 36%. The largest individual fish in the experiment were hybrids.

Impaired Swimming Performance of Acid-exposed Arctic Charr, Salvelinus Alpinus L.

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Hunter ◽  
E. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Abstract Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were exposed to five levels of acidity between pH 6 and pH 3.8. Swimming performance as determined by critical swimming speeds was 67.5 cm · sࢤ1 or 4.4 body lengths per second for untreated fish (pH 7.8). Performance declined sharply below pH 4.5; at pH 3.8 it was reduced by 35% after 7 days of exposure. Tailbeat frequencies and ventilation rates showed no dose-response effects. At swimming speeds between 20 and 50 cm · sࢤ1, ventilation rates at all levels of acidity were higher than at the control level.

scholarly journals A seasonal comparison of trace metal concentrations in the tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in Northern Québec, Canada

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1327-1346
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Anne Clifford Martyniuk ◽  
Patrice Couture ◽  
Lilian Tran ◽  
Laurie Beaupré ◽  
Nastassia Urien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Metal Concentrations

scholarly journals Genotyping Strategies Using ddRAD Sequencing in Farmed Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Fotis Pappas ◽  
Christos Palaiokostas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
Low Coverage

Incorporation of genomic technologies into fish breeding programs is a modern reality, promising substantial advances regarding the accuracy of selection, monitoring the genetic diversity and pedigree record verification. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are the most commonly used genomic tool, but the investments required make them unsustainable for emerging species, such as Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), where production volume is low. The requirement to genotype a large number of animals for breeding practices necessitates cost effective genotyping approaches. In the current study, we used double digest restriction site-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing of either high or low coverage to genotype Arctic charr from the Swedish national breeding program and performed analytical procedures to assess their utility in a range of tasks. SNPs were identified and used for deciphering the genetic structure of the studied population, estimating genomic relationships and implementing an association study for growth-related traits. Missing information and underestimation of heterozygosity in the low coverage set were limiting factors in genetic diversity and genomic relationship analyses, where high coverage performed notably better. On the other hand, the high coverage dataset proved to be valuable when it comes to identifying loci that are associated with phenotypic traits of interest. In general, both genotyping strategies offer sustainable alternatives to hybridization-based genotyping platforms and show potential for applications in aquaculture selective breeding.

Effects of soybean and sunflower meals on the growth, feed utilization, and gene expression in two Canadian strains of juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

Aquaculture ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Smith ◽  
André Dumas ◽  
Rodrigue Yossa ◽  
Kenneth E. Overturf ◽  
Dominique P. Bureau
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Feed Utilization
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