Enzyme polymorphism in Glossina longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Tarimo Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Octanol Dehydrogenase

Adult Glossina longipennis Cortie, collected at Nguruman, Kenya, were examined electrophoretically for variation in esterase, octanol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, manganese-stimulated malate dehydrogenase, arginine Phosphokinase, and hexokinase. Variation was found in the first two enzymes, and the banding patterns indicated that the loci for these enzymes are on autosomes. The mean heterozygosity per locus was 4.5%.

scholarly journals Characterization of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Taiwan

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Yu Hwang ◽  
Chung-Yu Chang ◽  
Lin-Li Chang ◽  
Shui-Feng Chang ◽  
Ya-Hui Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
The Core ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Novel Alleles ◽  
The Relationship

Sixty-three rifampicin-resistant (Rifr) isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Kaohsiung, Taiwan, were analysed for mutations in the core region (69 bp, codons 511–533) of the rpoB gene. Some 84.1 % (53/63) of the resistant isolates showed mutations in this region, especially in codons 531 (41.5 %), 526 (18.9 %), 516 (15.1 %) and 533 (7.5 %). Five novel alleles of a total of 16 different types of mutations were identified in Rifr isolates. Ten Rifr isolates (15.9 %) exhibited no mutations in the core region of rpoB. Also, they did not show mutations in another 365 bp fragment (codons 99–220) of rpoB. The agar proportion method was used to determine the relationship between the degree of rifampicin resistance and alterations in the core region of rpoB. The results revealed that the mean MIC was 92.38 μg ml−1 for the 53 isolates with a mutation in the core region, whereas the mean MIC of the other 10 isolates without mutations was only 24.8 μg ml−1. This indicates that the isolates with mutations in the core region had higher levels of resistance than those without mutations in this region. IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used for typing of 55 Rifr M. tuberculosis isolates. Isolates contained two to 19 copies of IS6110, with sizes ranging from 600 to 16 000 bp. The majority (85 %) contained six to 16 copies. No strains lacking IS6110 were found. A total of 54 of 55 RFLP types were defined at the 90 % similarity level. The observation of varied IS6110-associated banding patterns indicates that an outbreak of drug-resistant tuberculosis did not occur in this area.

UV Absorbance By Thallus Extracts of Umbilicate Lichens

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Fahselt
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
Banding Patterns

AbstractEleven stands of umbilicate lichens exhibiting a range of variabilities in enzyme banding patterns were compared on the basis of the ultraviolet (UV)absorbing properties of thallus extracts. Stands of Umbilicaria veilea, which were some of the most variable enzymatically, had the lowest UV absorbancy in extracts, and stands of Lasallia papulosa, which were among the least variable enzymatically, showed more UV absorbance than others. Umbilicaria deusta, U. muhlenbergii and U. mammulata had intermediate levels of absorbance. Negative correlations (P = 005–007) were found between enzyme polymorphism and UV absorbance in the ranges 215–220, 269–271 and 304–305 nm. There was also a significant negative correlation at P = 003 between enzyme variability and thallus dry weight extractable with either ethanol or acetone.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization and Diversity of Rathayibacter toxicus

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Agarkova ◽  
A. K. Vidaver ◽  
E. N. Postnikova ◽  
I. T. Riley ◽  
N. W. Schaad
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Similarity

Rathayibacter toxicus is a nematode-vectored gram-positive bacterium responsible for a gumming disease of grasses and production of a highly potent animal and human toxin that is often fatal to livestock and has a history of occurring in unexpected circumstances. DNA of 22 strains of R. toxicus from Australia were characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). AFLP analysis grouped the 22 strains into three genetic clusters that correspond to their geographic origin. The mean similarity between the three clusters was 85 to 86%. PFGE analysis generated three different banding patterns that enabled typing the strains into three genotypic groups corresponding to the same AFLP clusters. The similarity coefficient was 63 to 81% for XbaI and 79 to 84% for SpeI. AFLP and PFGE analyses exhibited an analogous level of discriminatory power and produced congruent results. PFGE analysis indicated that the R. toxicus genome was represented by a single linear chromosome, estimated to be 2.214 to 2.301 Mb. No plasmids were detected.

Enzyme polymorphism in Schistosoma mattheei from cattle in the Eastern Transvaal Lowveld

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACTEnzyme electrophoresis was conducted on 10 Schistosoma mattheei adult worm samples, comprising 270 individuals, collected from cattle in the Eastern Transvaal Lowveld. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was studied in all the samples and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in five populations each. Only one population was polymorphic for G6PDH. In this population, in addition to the allele found in all the other samples, a second allele occurred with a similar Rf value to S. haematobium. The two alleles were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. MDH-1 exhibited two alleles. However, these alleles were not in equilibrium. In certain populations, heterozygotes occurred together with homozygotes of one of the alleles only. PGM was monomorphic in all the populations studied.

scholarly journals Enzyme Polymorphism and Species Discrimination in Fruit Flies of the Genus Dacus (Tephritidae)

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W McKechnie
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Hybrid Identification ◽  
Octanol Dehydrogenase

Sympatric populations of D. tryoni and D. neohumeralis are difficult to completely distinguish taxonomically. Using five pigmentation characters, each of some taxonomic value, a small proportion of individuals cannot be assigned to either species nor definitely classified as hybrids. To aid in species discrimination and hybrid identification gene frequencies in natural populations were estimated at three polymorphic protein loci, an alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), an octanol dehydrogenase (Odh) and an esterase (E-2). Samples of flies were taken from four sites spread over 1200 miles along the Australian eastern coast.

GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE): IV. ELECTROPHORETIC BANDING PATTERNS OF OCTANOL DEHYDROGENASE AND ARGININE PHOSPHOKINASE

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Gooding ◽  
B.M. Rolseth
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Octanol Dehydrogenase

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the thoraces of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood revealed five octanol dehydrogenase (ODH, E.C. 1.1.1.73) phenotypes (and a sixth was predicted) in males and females, two arginine phosphokinase (APK, E.C. 2.7.3.3) phenotypes in males and three APK phenotypes in females. Each enzyme was postulated to be under the control of a single locus; Odh with three alleles on an autosome and Apk with two alleles on the X-chromosome. Allele frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in our colony, and breeding experiments provided direct evidence for single locus control of each enzyme. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique described permits determination of banding patterns for xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, ODH, and APK from a single individual.

GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE). VI. MULTILOCUS COMPARISON OF THREE LABORATORY POPULATIONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding ◽  
B. M. Rolseth
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Three strains (Kariba, Handeni, and ocra) of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the extent of genetic similarity among the strains. Males were examined for 11 thoracic enzymes, one testicular enzyme, and one midgut enzyme. Tetrazolium oxidase, manganese stimulated malate dehydrogenase, an alpha-glycerophosophate deyhdrogenase, and testicular esterase were monomorphic. Variation was found in xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, octanol dehydrogenase, an alpha-glycerophosophate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, midgut alkaline phosphatase, two esterases, arginine phosphokinase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Loci for the latter two enzymes are on the X-chromosome; all others are on autosomes. Allele frequencies in the three strains indicated that the Kariba and ocra strains are more closely related to each other than either is to the Handeni strain. These genetic similarities are consistant with the geographic origins of the strains. The mean heterozygosity per locus was highest (16.7% and 16.0%) in the two strains (Kariba and ocra) which have the highest reproductive capacity under laboratory conditions, and lowest (7.3%) in the strain (Handeni) which has the lowest reproductive capacity.

Differentiation of Moniezia expansa and Moniezia benedeni (Eucestoda: Cyclophyllidea) by isoelectric focusing

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1471-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Johnson ◽  
E. P. Hoberg
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moniezia Expansa ◽  
Host Tissues

Isoelectric focusing was performed on extracts from whole specimens of Moniezia expansa recovered from sheep and Moniezia benedeni recovered from cattle. The isoelectric focusing banding patterns for mature, postmature, early gravid, and gravid proglottids from individual cestodes were compared along with those for intestinal tissue from the respective hosts. Unique, reproducible banding patterns were characteristic of each species. In addition, the patterns for these cestodes were distinctly different from those for either of the host tissues. The tracks of the gels were scanned and values for isoelectric points were assigned for the dominant peaks characteristic of each species. A range based on the mean ± 2 SD was then assigned to each of these peaks for future comparisons.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Malate Dehydrogenase, and Shikimate Dehydrogenase in Peach and Peach × Almond Hybrids

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Mowrey ◽  
Dennis J. Werner ◽  
David H. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Banding Patterns

Eighteen isozyme systems were surveyed in the peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] plant introduction collection. Seven systems were polymorphic. Three previously unreported isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH; EC 1.1.1.41), three malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) and two shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH; EC 1.1.1.25) banding patterns were detected in the clones. Isocitrate dehydrogenase was dimeric in structure, with two alleles present at a single locus. Malate dehydrogenase was dimeric in structure, with three alleles present at the fast locus, while a second locus was monomorphic. Shikimate dehydrogenase was monomeric, with one allele present in most clones, while PI 113452, PI 113650, and PI 117679 were heterozygous for a slow SDH allele. Electrophoretic evidence suggests PI 113452, PI 113650, and PI 117679 are peach × almond (P. dulcis Webb) hybrids, since they were heterozygous for alleles previously reported only in almond.

scholarly journals KARYOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE CHILEAN RHATANY Krameria cistoidea HOOK. & ARN. (KRAMERIACEAE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
C. Palma Rojas ◽  
P. Jara Seguel ◽  
M. García ◽  
E. von Brand ◽  
C. Araya Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Karyological Study ◽  
C Banding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Karyotype Morphology ◽  
Two Populations

The karyotype of the plant species Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. was studied by assessing chromosome characters such as morphology, size, and C-banding pattern. The karyotype of K. cistoidea was composed only by metacentric chromosomes in the two populations studied. The haploid set length was 51.9±2.3 µm and the mean chromosome size was 8.68±0.78 µm. Some similarities in chromosome morphology and size can be observed among K. cistoidea and K. triandra, in addition to the chromosome number 2n=12 which is conserved within the genus. K. cistoidea exhibited a symmetric banding pattern with large C-bands in the telomeres of the short and long arms of all chromosomes, except the short arm of pair 1. The relative length of the C-bands was 23.5% of the total haploid set length. These cytological results on K. cistoidea are the first data on quantitative karyotype morphology and C-banding patterns in the genus Krameria. Key words: Krameria, karyotype, C-banding

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