Effects of saline acclimation and cecal ligation on body water and water flux in male and female Pekin ducks

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryanne R. Hughes ◽  
Tania Zenteno-Savin ◽  
David Kojwang
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Total Body

Total body water, mean daily water flux, and plasma ionic and osmotic concentrations were determined in sham-operated and cecally ligated male and female Pekin ducks, Anas platyrhynchos, drinking fresh water and after acclimation to 0.3 M NaCl. Body mass, hematocrit, plasma sodium concentration, and osmolality were unaffected by saline acclimation or cecal ligation. Total body water of ducks acclimated to fresh water was about 63% of body mass and increased to 73% of body mass in all groups acclimated to 0.3 M NaCl except ligated females. Mean daily water flux of male and female ducks acclimated to fresh water was the same and was not affected by cecal ligation. Drinking 0.3 M NaCl increased mean daily water flux by 70% in both sham-operated male (P < 0.05) and female ducks (P < 0.01), and 135% (P < 0.001) in cecally ligated males, but did not affect cecally ligated females. Thus, following saline acclimation, mean daily water flux was greater (P < 0.05) in cecally ligated males than in females.

scholarly journals Rapid Weight Loss and the Body Fluid Balance and Hemoglobin Mass of Elite Amateur Boxers

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Reljic ◽  
Eike Hässler ◽  
Joachim Jost ◽  
Birgit Friedmann-Bette
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Real Life Setting ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass

Context Dehydration is assumed to be a major adverse effect associated with rapid loss of body mass for competing in a lower weight class in combat sports. However, the effects of such weight cutting on body fluid balance in a real-life setting are unknown. Objective To examine the effects of 5% or greater loss of body mass within a few days before competition on body water, blood volume, and plasma volume in elite amateur boxers. Design Case-control study. Setting Sports medicine laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Seventeen male boxers (age = 19.2 ± 2.9 years, height = 175.1 ± 7.0 cm, mass = 65.6 ± 9.2 kg) were assigned to the weight-loss group (WLG; n = 10) or the control group (CON; n = 7). Intervention(s) The WLG reduced body mass by restricting fluid and food and inducing excessive sweat loss by adhering to individual methods. The CON participated in their usual precompetition training. Main Outcome Measure(s) During an ordinary training period (t-1), 2 days before competition (t-2), and 1 week after competition (t-3), we performed bioelectrical impedance measurements; calculated total body water, intracellular water, and extracellular water; and estimated total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass), blood volume, and plasma volume by the CO-rebreathing method. Results In the WLG, the loss of body mass (5.6% ± 1.7%) led to decreases in total body water (6.0% ± 0.9%), extracellular water (12.4% ± 7.6%), tHbmass (5.3% ± 3.8%), blood volume (7.6% ± 2.1%; P &lt; .001), and plasma volume (8.6% ± 3.9%). The intracellular water did not change (P &gt; .05). At t-3, total body water, extracellular water, and plasma volume had returned to near baseline values, but tHbmass and blood volume still were less than baseline values (P &lt; .05). In CON, we found no changes (P &gt; .05). Conclusions In a real-life setting, the loss of approximately 6% body mass within 5 days induced hypohydration, which became evident by the decreases in body water and plasma volume. The reduction in tHbmass was a surprising observation that needs further investigation.

Accuracy of the tritium water dilution method for determining water flux in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Cameron ◽  
R. G. White ◽  
J. R. Luick
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Dilution

The accuracy of the tritium water dilution method in estimating water flux was evaluated in reindeer under various conditions of temperature and diet. Two non-pregnant female reindeer were restrained in metabolism stalls, within controlled-environment chambers, at temperatures of + 10, −5, and −20 °C; varying amounts of a commercial pelleted ration (crude protein, 13%) or mixed lichens (crude protein, 3%) were offered, and water was provided ad libitum either as snow or in liquid form. Total body water volume and water turnover were estimated using tritiated water, and the daily outputs of feces and urine were measured for each of 12 different combinations of diet and temperature. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the tritium water dilution technique gives accurate determinations of total body water flux over a wide range of environmental and nutritional conditions.

COMPARISON OF TOTAL BODY POTASSIUM AND TOTAL BODY WATER WITH DENSITOMETRICALLY-MEASURED LEAN BODY MASS IN HEALTHY ADULTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
S. W. Lichtman ◽  
K. R. Segal ◽  
R. L. Ruskin ◽  
E. Presta ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals New and simple equations to estimate the energy and fat contents and energy density of humans in sickness and health

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Sutcliffe ◽  
Grant S. Knight ◽  
Jaime C. Pinilla ◽  
Graham L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy

Two formulas were derived to estimate the energy content of the human body which use only body mass, total body water by 3H2O dilution space and body minerals assessed by anthropometry. The formulas were tested in a body composition database of 561 patients and 151 normal volunteers using established metabolizable energy values for protein, fat and glycogen. Total body protein was determined by in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA), body water by dilution of tritium and body minerals from skeletal frame size. Body glycogen was assumed to be 14.6 % of the mineral component. Body fat was obtained by difference, body mass less the sum of water, protein, minerals and glycogen. The standard deviation in the estimate of body energy content was 30 MJ or 4.1 % of the energy content of reference man. Two formulas for body energy content were derived by regression with body mass, total body water and body minerals or height. Two formulas for energy density and formulas for percentage body fat were similarly derived.

scholarly journals Kids With Altitude: Acute Mountain Sickness and Changes in Body Mass and Total Body Water in Children Travelling to 3800 m

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Rieger ◽  
Isabel Algaze ◽  
Adriana Rodriguez-Vasquez ◽  
Kurt Smith ◽  
Mike Stembridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Mountain Sickness ◽  
Total Body

Total Body Water, Total Exchangeable Sodium and Related Variables in the Ghanaian

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-479
Author(s):  
S. Kojo Addae ◽  
S. Dakubu ◽  
E. T. Larmie ◽  
R. Boatin ◽  
E. H. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

1. Standard radioisotope dilution techniques employing [3H]water and [22Na]sodium chloride have been used to determine the total body water and total exchangeable sodium of 20 male and 10 female normal Ghanaians (Africans) aged 19–25 years. 2. Lean body mass and total body fat are calculated as a percentage of body weight; the total exchangeable sodium values have been expressed in relation to lean body mass. 3. Comparison of the data for Ghanaian subjects with published figures for Caucasian subjects of similar age shows that the Ghanaian men have much less total body fat and the women a little less total body fat than their Caucasian counterparts. 4. Total exchangeable sodium expressed in terms of lean body mass shows close agreement in both men and women.

Comparison of techniques to estimate total body skeletal muscle mass in people of different age groups

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. E489-E495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Proctor ◽  
P. C. O’Brien ◽  
E. J. Atkinson ◽  
K. S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Urinary Creatinine Excretion

An estimate of total body muscle mass with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; appendicular muscle mass divided by 0.75) was compared with 24-h urinary creatinine excretion in 59 healthy men and women [20–30 yr (younger), 45–59 yr (middle age), and 60–79 yr (older)] who stayed in a clinical research center for 5 days. Total body water (2H2O dilution), fat (underwater weighing), bone mineral (DXA), and total body protein mass (based on a 4-compartment model) were also measured. Muscle mass estimates by DXA and creatinine were highly correlated ( r = 0.80). However, stepwise multiple regression indicated that a significant amount of additional between-subject variability in DXA-based muscle mass estimates could be explained by total body water. Creatinine excretion, knee extensor strength, and total body protein mass all decreased with age, suggesting a decline in muscle cell mass with aging. However, DXA-based muscle mass and measures of nonfat body mass (i.e., lean body mass by2H2O and fat-free body mass by underwater weighing) did not change with age. These results indicate that DXA and urinary creatinine excretion give different results regarding the decline in total body muscle mass with aging. The factor(s) responsible for the apparent underestimate of age-related sarcopenia by DXA remain to be fully defined, but changes in body water may be an important contributor.

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