Are brightly coloured male ducks selectively shot by duck hunters?

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Metz ◽  
C. Davison Ankney
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hunting Mortality

In many species of ducks, males are harvested at higher rates than females. Several studies have suggested that particular aspects of the birds' biology may account for this difference, but few studies have attempted to determine the effect of hunter behaviour on the differential vulnerability. The objective of this study was to determine if the bright plumage of male ducks was related to greater hunting mortality. Ducks shot from pairs at Long Point Waterfowl Management Unit, Ontario, from September 25 to November 26, 1987, were examined, and questions were asked of hunters who brought the ducks into the Waterfowl Management Unit's check station. Sixty-one percent of ducks shot from pairs were mallards, green-winged teal, or ring-necked ducks. A significant interaction occurred between the degree of dichromatism of plumage and which sex of duck was shot. Approximately equal numbers of males and females were shot when males resembled females. However, when males obtained their full, bright, alternate plumage, a significantly greater proportion of males were shot regardless of which sex was leading. These data suggest that hunters select, consciously or unconsciously, the more distinctive male when he is accompanied by a female. Characteristics of hunters' behaviour while hunting are pertinent to assessing current waterfowl management programs.

Factors Affecting Personal Space toward a Group

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darhl M. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Target Person ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Left Target

The personal space of 160 males and 160 females was measured relative to target groups whose characteristics varied in size (1, 2, 3, 4), type of person (men, women, boy, and girl), and direction of orientation (right, front, left). Two analyses of variance were completed: (a) sex of subject × type of target person × group size × direction of facing and (b) sex of subject × direction of facing of right target × direction of facing of left target person × man-woman composition. Personal space was smaller toward groups not containing a man than for those containing a man, for groups of children than adults when approaching face to face, for groups of females than males when approaching from behind, for groups facing away than for groups facing at right angles than for groups facing toward. Although group size was involved in a significant interaction with type of person and direction of facing, it did not produce a significant main effect. Sex of subject also was not significant, showing that males and females exhibited generic social schemas in personal spacing toward groups.

You Can Tell by the Nose—Judging Sex from an Isolated Facial Feature

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P Chronicle ◽  
Mei-Yin Chan ◽  
Charlotte Hawkings ◽  
Karen Mason ◽  
Kathryn Smethurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Facial Feature ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
Female Subjects

Measurements taken from the nose are among the most important physical variables which discriminate statistically between male and female faces, yet several investigators have claimed that it is difficult to judge sex on the basis of noses presented in isolation. Previous work on the isolated nose has, however, involved the use of frontal views only, which may have obscured important physical differences between the noses of males and females. An investigation of the accuracy of judgments of the sex of isolated noses observed in frontal, profile, and three-quarter views by male and female subjects is reported. Judgment of sex was performed significantly more accurately than chance in all cases except for frontal views of female noses, where judgment was significantly less accurate than chance. Analysis of variance demonstrated a significant interaction of sex of nose and view of nose, such that male noses were identified better in frontal and in profile views, but female noses better in the three-quarter view. It is suggested that one possible reason for the seemingly contradictory role of the nose in previous studies of sex judgment is that all noses look more male in frontal views. For a nose to be perceived as female, its distinctive shape must be made available to the perceiver; this is most likely from the three-quarter view.

THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND MACHIAVELLIANISM ON SELF-DISCLOSURE PATTERNS

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C. Brown ◽  
Rebecca F. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Friendship Relations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Disclosure Patterns ◽  
Manipulation Strategy ◽  
Manipulative Techniques

This study was aimed at replicating the findings of an earlier study examining the effects of sex and machiavellianism on self-disclosure patterns. Of particular interest was the question of whether or not a significant sex-machiavellian interaction would reoccur. A sample of 166 males and females recruited from the introductory course in sociology were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing several dimensions of friendship relations. Measures of self-disclosure and machiavellianism were included in the questionnaire. As hypothesized, a significant sex-machiavellian interaction was observed. This significant interaction was interpreted to suggest that self-disclosure may be a manipulation strategy for females. If this is the case, current measures of machiavellianism are intensitive to the range of manipulative techniques used by females.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Psychological Needs between Kindergarten Children with Developmental Learning Disabilities and Normal

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Nawaf. M. Aldhafeeri
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Developmental Learning ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Males And Females

The study aimed to identify the psychological needs (for competence, autonomy, and affiliation) with kindergarten children in Kuwait. A sample of 117 children from kindergarten (57 with developmental learning disabilities, and 60 of normal children) was selected. Two instruments were used: early detection tool and psychological needs scale. The results showed that there were significant differences (p. < 0.01) between the developmental learning disabilities and the normal children in all needs. Also, there were significant differences (p. < 0.05) between males and females in competence and autonomy needs. There were no significant differences between males and females in the affiliation need. There were significant Interaction effect between gender and the group in the autonomy need indicating that differences due to gender are not constant. 

scholarly journals Feeding Ecology of Wild Brown-Nosed Coatis and Garbage Exploration: A Study in Two Ecological Parks

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2412
Author(s):  
Delma Henriques Rodrigues ◽  
Eduardo Calixto ◽  
Clarice Silva Cesario ◽  
Renata Barcelos Repoles ◽  
Waldomiro de Paula Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Glass Metal ◽  
Human Recreation

Wild animals that feed on garbage waste are a problem in ecological parks as it can substantially alter their food ecology. Wild coatis that occupy human recreation areas in parks are often observed feeding on garbage, but the ecological consequences are scarcely known. Forty-four fecal samples from females and 12 from males of wild coatis living in two ecological parks (Parque Municipal das Mangabeiras (PMM) and Parque Nacional do Caparaó (PNC)) were analyzed. Multivariate statistics were applied to evaluate the interaction between four variables (fecal volume, composition, place and sex of coatis). A significant interaction between the parks and sexes with regard to volume and food category was not found. Ungrouped analysis allowed for the identification of a decreasing gradient in volume from PNC males, followed by PNC females, PMM males, and PMM females. We did not find differences between categories of food between males and females from PNC and PMM, except for invertebrates. Females from PNC consumed more invertebrates than males and females of PMM, but we did not find differences from PNC males. The coatis of both parks primarily consume invertebrates and vegetables, but garbage residues were found in their feces. Garbage fragments, such as paper, glass, metal, plastic and rope, cause a risk to the health, compromising the conservation efforts of wild coatis. Actions are needed to prevent the access of coatis to dumps in both parks.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Attitudes of Suicidal Individuals

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vickie Lee Nelson ◽  
Elwin C. Nielsen ◽  
Keith T. Checketts
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Way

This study compared differences in the way in which 63 suicidal and 56 nonsuicidal persons in therapy reported their relations to other people on the FIRO-B, and the Sociability and Tolerance scales from the California Personality Inventory. Suicidal and nonsuicidal groups performed significantly differently on three scales, Wanted Affection, Sociability, and Tolerance. There was a significant interaction on Wanted Affection between suicidal status and sex. Suicidal persons showed a preference for less social involvement and a lower level of tolerance for others. Suicidal males expressed more affection than suicidal females while nonsuicidal males expressed less affection than nonsuicidal females. Suicidal individuals, both males and females, and nonsuicidal females obtained much higher wanted affection scores than did nonsuicidal males. Implications of these findings regarding the nature of the personality needs of suicidal males and females were discussed.

Depression and Law Violation: Gendered Responses to Gendered Stresses

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy De Coster
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stress Process ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Differential Exposure ◽  
Males And Females

This article unites arguments from the sociology of mental health, criminology, and the sociology of gender to explore the role of gender in the stress process. The author proposes that gender acts upon the stress process in three ways. First, males and females may report exposure to different types of stresses. Second, males and females may be vulnerable to different types of stresses. Third, males and females may respond to stress in different ways—law violation versus depression. Arguments are tested about the relative importance of differential exposure versus differential vulnerability to various stresses for understanding the gender gaps in law violation and depression using the National Youth Survey, OLS regression, and Kessler's method for decomposing differences in exposure and vulnerability to stress. The results provide limited support for these arguments, suggesting that females report more exposure than do males to some communal stresses, whereas males report more exposure than do females to the agentic stresses included in this study. Vulnerability to these stresses also varies across gender, with females generally expressing greater vulnerability to communal stresses in the form of depression and males expressing greater vulnerability to agentic stresses in the form of law violation. Some deviations from this general pattern are discussed, and recommendations for future research follow.

Effects of Drinking Age on Reduced Consumption of Alcohol Reported by College Students: 1981–1986

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo M. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Spring Break ◽  
Drinking Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

A survey of college students who visited Daytona Beach, Florida during spring break between the years 1981 and 1986 showed a significant drop in reported consumption of alcoholic beverages. Significant reductions were found for both males and females. Since more than thirty states changed their laws raising the drinking age during the period of the study, it was assumed that some of the drop in consumption might be accounted for by the increase in the drinking age. However, an analysis of variance failed to reject the null hypothesis of no significant interaction between the age of the respondent and the year of the study as a predictor of quantity-frequency of consumption. The author suggests that meaningful evaluation studies are needed to determine whether the growth in college alcohol education and prevention programs might better account for the recent decline in student consumption of alcohol and other drugs.

scholarly journals Masculine and Feminine Traits Perception of MBA Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Bharti ◽  
Sneh Lata Rao
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Target Person ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adjective Checklist ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

This is an exploratory Ex-post facto research orientation with the aim was to study the gender differences in perception of masculine and feminine qualities for Male and Female MBA Students. It also hypothesized to know the significant difference among Males and Females in perception of Masculine qualities, Males and Females in perception of Feminine qualities, masculine traits for MBA and Female Students, Male and Female successful Managers, feminine traits for MBA Male and Female students and successful Male and Female Managers, significant interaction effects of gender and target person (male and female MBA student’s Male and Female successful managers) on perception of masculine traits and significant interaction effects of gender and target person on perception of feminine traits. In this study, 40 subjects (male and female MBA students) .Subjects were assessed using Adjective checklist (Zaidi and Agrawal, 2003 doctoral work in progress) contains 80 qualities.43 males and 43 females by Harrison Gough Adjective Checklist The results of the study reveals that the perception of the male MBA students was found to be non-significant for both individual and interactive levels. This suggests that the male student perceive that no change at the organizational level is wanted in order of better functioning. They perceive the same traits for the successful managers for themselves as for they for female managers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document