You Can Tell by the Nose—Judging Sex from an Isolated Facial Feature

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P Chronicle ◽  
Mei-Yin Chan ◽  
Charlotte Hawkings ◽  
Karen Mason ◽  
Kathryn Smethurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Facial Feature ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
Female Subjects

Measurements taken from the nose are among the most important physical variables which discriminate statistically between male and female faces, yet several investigators have claimed that it is difficult to judge sex on the basis of noses presented in isolation. Previous work on the isolated nose has, however, involved the use of frontal views only, which may have obscured important physical differences between the noses of males and females. An investigation of the accuracy of judgments of the sex of isolated noses observed in frontal, profile, and three-quarter views by male and female subjects is reported. Judgment of sex was performed significantly more accurately than chance in all cases except for frontal views of female noses, where judgment was significantly less accurate than chance. Analysis of variance demonstrated a significant interaction of sex of nose and view of nose, such that male noses were identified better in frontal and in profile views, but female noses better in the three-quarter view. It is suggested that one possible reason for the seemingly contradictory role of the nose in previous studies of sex judgment is that all noses look more male in frontal views. For a nose to be perceived as female, its distinctive shape must be made available to the perceiver; this is most likely from the three-quarter view.

scholarly journals Suicide Notes: Exaggerations by Males and Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Purbo Kusumastuti ◽  
Aulia Apriana ◽  
Yazid Basthomi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Female Subjects

Touching into the gender differences between males and females in expressing the use of exaggeration expressions, this study analyzes the relevant data using the LIWC tool, the HIP method, and the deficit and difference theories. This study found that in relation to the gender stereotypes, both males and females speak differently, yet also demonstrate similarities. Both the male and female subjects express emotions equally in the language production; yet, the negative emotions are dominated by the males, and the positive emotions are dominated by the females. The difference of emotion productions influences the differences in the males’ production of exaggeration expressions, such as empty adjectives, italic expressions, and hyperbole by the female subjects.  

Response of summerform pear psylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to male- and female-produced odors

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Guédot ◽  
David R. Horton ◽  
Peter J. Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Male Attraction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Sex Attraction ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractWe examined the role of chemical signals in sex attraction of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), assessing the response of summerform male and female psyllids to male- and female-produced volatile chemicals. Male psyllids were attracted to odors from live females and pentane extracts of females. Extracts of females were as attractive to males as live females, suggesting that the female-produced volatile chemicals responsible for male attraction might be isolated by extracting females with pentane. Females were not attracted to odorants from live females and tended to avoid odorants from extracts of females. Furthermore, summerform males and females were not attracted or repelled by male-produced odorants from live males or extracts of males. Results of olfactometer assays using male summerform C. pyricola are consistent with results from earlier studies with the winterform morphotype of this species.

RACE AND PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS AS CRITERIA FOR WHITE SUBJECTS' DATING CHOICES

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bem. P. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
White Male ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female Subjects

Research involving race as a criterion for various social choices indicates that race may rival attractiveness for the determination of dating choices. This possibility was explored in two experiments involving “desirability for a date” ratings of black and white stimulus persons who varied in attractiveness. Experiment 1 results indicated that white male and female subjects gave appreciable weight to race and attractiveness, but females gave race more weight than attractiveness, while attractiveness was given more weight than race by males. The interaction between race and attractiveness had approximately the same form for males and females: attractive black stimulus persons were lumped together with unattractive stimulus persons.Female subjects in Experiment 2, who were informed about an opportunity to date a stimulus person of their choice before seeing slides of stimulus persons, tended to discount attractiveness as a criterion for choices. None of these subjects were willing to accept an actual date. It was noted that race may be a stronger rival to attractiveness relative to the more abstract factors with which attractiveness has been compared, because race, like attractiveness, is highly concrete and visible.

Menstrual Cycle and Ethanol Effects on Temporal Discrimination

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1085-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Clare ◽  
J. E. Tong ◽  
R. G. Lyon ◽  
Gillian Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Ethanol Treatment ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Female Subjects

Hypotheses predicting a differential effect for ethanol according to the biological level of arousal on which the drug is superimposed were examined by testing 8 female subjects for two-flash discrimination over 2 mo. at Days 14 and Days 27 of their menstrual cycles. Ethanol treatment was at three levels, placebo, 0.02% and 0.05% blood alcohol. Analysis of variance indicated no significant effect on fusion threshold for days but a significant effect for ethanol and a significant interaction of ethanol and days.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Tooth Size Discrepancy between Male and Female Subjects Presenting with a Class I Malocclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Eva Man Yee Leung ◽  
Yanqi Yang ◽  
Balvinder Khambay ◽  
Ricky Wing Kit Wong ◽  
Colman McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Subjects

Objectives. To evaluate the tooth size discrepancy and Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects with a Class I malocclusion. Materials and Methods. The digital e-models of 100 male and 100 female 12-year-old southern Chinese children with a Class I malocclusion were selected. The mesiodistal widths from permanent first molar to the contralateral side first molar of the upper and lower dentitions were measured. Differences between the tooth size discrepancy, together with the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects, were assessed using a two-sample t-test. A paired t-test was used to determine differences between antimetric pairs of teeth within the same arch. Results. Females had statistically significant smaller teeth than males (P < 0.05) except the upper left and lower left lateral incisor and lower left and right central incisors. The mean values of anterior Bolton’s ratios for males and females were 77.04 and 77.03, respectively (P > 0.05), while the mean values of overall Bolton’s ratios of male and female are 90.48 and 90.65, respectively (P < 0.05). The clinical significant differences (Cohen’s d > 0.2) for contralateral tooth size were shown on the maxillary canines, lateral incisors, and central incisors of males; and mandibular canines and lateral incisors of females. Conclusions. Southern Chinese females presenting with Class I malocclusions have smaller mesiodistal tooth dimensions compared to males. Both males and females presented several tooth size asymmetries. There are no statistical differences in anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios between the genders.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental colors and long-term sex isolation on zebrafish shoaling behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Christian Lenzi ◽  
Chiara Grasso ◽  
Mircea Nicoara ◽  
Alexandra Savuca ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Shoaling Behavior ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Complex Social Behavior ◽  
Selection Of

Zebrafish has a complex social behavior and little is known about the role of sexual preference and their environmental social interactions. In this study we investigated the potential influence of environmental colors and shoaling preferences of zebrafish male and female populations, with a focus on visual communication. Males and females were kept for 7 days in gender-isolated tanks, with a specific habitat color for each group: green for males and red for females. After the pre-test period, all the animals were kept separated and 8 noninvasive behavioral tests were conducted in a T-maze, with the application of different visual stimuli. We did not observe any clear influence of environmental coloring on social zebrafish choices. Significant sex-related differences were found in shoaling partner preference (i.e. same sex vs. other sex, one fish vs. three fish) as follows: females showed a tendency to avoid other females and spent more time with males. Male fish did not display a preference between one or three fish stimuli and they shoaled more with another male and less with a potential sexual partner. There was an obvious difference between males and females in responses and selection of shoaling partners.

Effects of Sex of Pressuring Group, Perception of Ability, and Sex of Communicator Influencing Perceived Ability on Conformity of Males and Females

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane R. Follingstad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Group Perception ◽  
Independent Behavior ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Female Subjects

This study assessed the differential effects of sex of pressuring confederates and perception of ability on conforming behavior of males and females. Varying male and female sources of the communication to influence subjects' views of their ability was expected to produce less conformity in females receiving the information from a male rather than a female. Data on undergraduates showed 64 females did not conform significantly more than 64 males, but male subjects conformed more in the presence of male confederates while females conformed significantly more when led to believe that males were more accurate on the task. Only the male source influencing females to believe they were superior on the task resulted in significantly less conformity in female subjects. Considering sex differences is essential due to the finding that the sexes responded to different variables present in most conformity experiments. The decrease in conformity produced in females when told by a male that females do better than males has implications for the use of male sources of communication to increase independent behavior of women.

The Gender Effects of Heart Rate Variability Response during Short-Term Exercise using Stair Stepper from Statistical Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aziyatul Izni Mohd Rosli ◽  
Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman ◽  
Malarvili Balakrishnan ◽  
Takashi Komeda ◽  
Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female Subjects

This study is aimed to explore the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) response during short-term exercise by stair stepper and to compare the finding between young healthy male and female subjects. The responses were statistically analyzed by applying independent-samples t-test statistical method. The calculation of Coefficient of Variation (CoV (%)) and the slope of the linear regression is used to assess the steadiness of the HRV. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated that female subjects had greater significant p-value of RMSSD feature and significance p-value in a LF feature is greater in male. Thus, the ongoing results demonstrated that males have the sympathetic drive and females have predominant parasympathetic drive using short-term exercise by stepper. Thus, the experiment results indicate the suitability of developing rehabilitation devices in the field of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), research, control system and rehabilitation enginering, which may help to isolate males and females.

Effects of Attitude, Sex, and Approach on Nonverbal, Verbal and Projective Measures of Personal Space

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Leventhal ◽  
Michelle Matturro ◽  
Joel Schanerman
Keyword(s):  
Personal Space ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Psychological Threat ◽  
Socialization Processes ◽  
Projective Measures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female Subjects

This study investigated the effects of attitude, sex of subject, sex of invader, plane of approach, and approach trial on personal space using nonverbal, verbal, and projective measures. 10 male and 10 female subjects were approached from the front and side by a male and female invader who projected one of three attitudes: a positive, affable manner; a neutral, impartial manner; or a negative hostile manner. The factorial analysis indicated effects of sex of invader, plane of approach, and several interactions of these factors with sex of subject. These results were interpreted in terms of societal norms and potential physical and psychological threat. The observed effects of attitude were hypothesized to be a function of the different socialization processes for males and females.

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