Short-term responses of small mammals to experimental fire in tallgrass prairie

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2450-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryon K. Clark ◽  
Donald W. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Konza Prairie ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blarina Hylophaga

Short-term responses of small mammals to experimental fire were examined in a 13-ha site on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, Kansas. A 6.1-ha portion was burned in spring 1987, whereas the 6.9-ha control site was left unburned in 1987, as was the entire 13 ha in spring 1986. In the absence of fire, < 1% of all small mammals (n = 130) caught in both March and April 1986 completely shifted from one area to the opposite area. No differences occurred in appearance of new individuals between the two areas in April 1986. In April 1987, all Reithrodontomys megalotis (n = 14) and Microtus ochrogaster (n = 6) caught in the burned area before fire and recaught after fire moved to the unburned area, but no individual from either species moved the opposite way. Most Synaptomys cooperi (75%, n = 4) moved away from the burned area, but no animals were available to test for movements into the burned area. Most new individuals for fire-negative species were captured in the unburned area after fire: 93% of R. megalotis (n = 46), 96% of Blarina hylophaga (n = 27), 100% of M. ochrogaster (n = 4), and 100% of S. cooperi (n = 1). In contrast, Peromyscus maniculatus exhibited a fire-positive response, with one of four moving from unburned to burned and none of five moving the opposite way, and most new individuals recorded after fire were in the burned area (88%, n = 24).

Multiple factors limit use of local sites by Elliot’s short-tailed shrews (Blarina hylophaga) in tallgrass prairie

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Kaufman ◽  
R.S. Matlack ◽  
D.W. Kaufman ◽  
J.J. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Konza Prairie ◽  
Low Area ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Blarina Hylophaga

Spatial variation in abundance has been attributed to habitat heterogeneity and patchiness. Our goal in this research was to understand what factors were associated with spatial patterns of habitat use by Elliot’s short-tailed shrews ( Blarina hylophaga Elliot, 1899) in tallgrass prairie. Our modeling efforts were based on 20 years (1981–2000) of presence–absence data for shrews at each of 20 stations (local site) along 14 permanent traplines on Konza Prairie Biological Station, Kansas, USA. A logistic model accurately predicted the presence of short-tailed shrews at a local site. Probability of shrew occurrence decreased as amount of precipitation decreased, slope steepness increased, grazing increased, or burned area within 500 m of a local site increased. However, when amount of precipitation was low, area burned was high, or grazing occurred, shrews were uncommon and responded little to the other variables. Numbers of shrews were negatively related only to numbers of deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)), a mouse that selects burned and grazed habitats that shrews avoid. Our observations suggest that multiple environmental factors limit use of local sites, whereas competition with other species does not. Our results can inform decisions related to conservation of biodiversity given management practices in this endangered ecosystem.

Fourteen years of population fluctuations of Microtus ochrogaster and M. pennsylvanicus in east central Illinois

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell L. Getz ◽  
Joyce E. Hofmann ◽  
Brian J. Klatt ◽  
Louis Verner ◽  
F. Russell Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Short Term ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Illinois

Population densities of Microtus ochrogaster and M. pennsylvanicus were monitored from 1972 to 1986 in three habitats: alfalfa, bluegrass, and tallgrass prairie. Microtus ochrogaster displayed two apparent multiannual population cycles in alfalfa and bluegrass from 1972 to 1976; thereafter only annual (alfalfa) or erratic (bluegrass) fluctuations were apparent. Except for extremely high densities during 1984–1985, population fluctuations of M. ochrogaster in tallgrass were erratically low and there was no evidence of multiannual cycles. During 15 of 29 changes in population density of M. ochrogaster, the amplitude of fluctuations was more than 10-fold; 14 of these changes were preceded by marked population declines or very low densities the previous winter and spring. Microtus pennsylvanicus displayed annual fluctuations in abundance in alfalfa and bluegrass and was erratically high at all times in tallgrass. Only 7 of 32 population fluctuations of M. pennsylvanicus had amplitudes of at least 10-fold; in all 7 cases population density had been high the previous year. We conclude that distinct multiannual population cycles were not characteristic of either species in any habitat over the 14 years. Most previous assumptions of multiannual cycles in these species may be artifacts of short-term studies.

scholarly journals Effect of cattle and wildlife exclusion areas on the survival and growth of Pinus culminicola Andresen & Beaman

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Jiménez Pérez ◽  
José Israel Israel Yerena Yamallel ◽  
Eduardo Alanís Rodríguez ◽  
Oscar Alberto Aguirre Calderón ◽  
René Alejandro Martínez Barrón
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Protected Natural Area ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Survival And Growth

In 1997, a restoration of Pinus culminicola was established under three exclusion areas: E1 = cattle plus small mammal exclusion, E2 = cattle exclusion and E3 = no exclusion (free range), in the Cerro El Potosi Protected Natural Area, located in Nuevo León, Mexico. The objective of this study was to determine the survival rate and the increase in diameter and height of Pinus culminicola individuals at three and 17 years after planting. The results show differences between 2000 and 2014 in survival rate and diameter and height growth in the three exclusion areas; E1 and E2 recorded higher averages. The main causes of mortality in this species are attributed to extreme weather conditions and the damage caused by cattle and small mammals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of short-term changes of hydrological response in mountainous basins of the Vitim Plateau (Russia) after forest fires based on data analysis and hydrological modelling

2015 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Semenova ◽  
L. S. Lebedeva ◽  
N. V. Nesterova ◽  
T. A. Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Area Product ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Fire Impact

Abstract. Twelve mountainous basins of the Vitim Plateau (Eastern Siberia, Russia) with areas ranging from 967 to 18 200 km2 affected by extensive fires in 2003 (from 13 to 78% of burnt area) were delineated based on MODIS Burned Area Product. The studied area is characterized by scarcity of hydrometeorological observations and complex hydrological processes. Combined analysis of monthly series of flow and precipitation was conducted to detect short-term fire impact on hydrological response of the basins. The idea of basin-analogues which have significant correlation of flow with "burnt" watersheds in stationary (pre-fire) period with the assumption that fire impact produced an outlier of established dependence was applied. Available data allowed for qualitative detection of fire-induced changes at two basins from twelve studied. Summer flow at the Amalat and Vitimkan Rivers (22 and 78% proportion of burnt area in 2003, respectively) increased by 40–50% following the fire.The impact of fire on flow from the other basins was not detectable.The hydrological model Hydrograph was applied to simulate runoff formation processes for stationary pre-fire and non-stationary post-fire conditions. It was assumed that landscape properties changed after the fire suggest a flow increase. These changes were used to assess the model parameters which allowed for better model performance in the post-fire period.

A Short-Term Dietary Toxicity Test on Small Mammals

2009 ◽  
pp. 132-132-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA McCann ◽  
W Teeters ◽  
DJ Urban ◽  
N Cook
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dietary Toxicity

Long-Term Variation in Abundance of Elliot's Short-Tailed Shrew (Blarina hylophaga) in Tallgrass Prairie

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Matlack ◽  
D. W. Kaufman ◽  
G. A. Kaufman ◽  
B. R. Mcmillan
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Blarina Hylophaga

Field Evaluation of Late Merge Traffic Control in Work Zones

2005 ◽  
Vol 1911 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Beacher ◽  
Michael D. Fontaine ◽  
Nicholas J. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Field ◽  
Lane Closures

The traffic control strategy of the late merge in work zones was devised to improve flow and safety at work zone lane closures. Although some states have put the strategy into practice, only a handful of short-term field studies have formally evaluated its effectiveness. Additional field studies were necessary to assess the efficacy of the strategy and its proper deployment. This paper documents the results of a field test of the late merge traffic control conducted over several months. The late merge strategy was evaluated by comparing its effectiveness with that of traditional plans for work zone lane closures. The field test was conducted on a primary route in Tappahannock, Virginia, at a two-to-one lane closure. Results showed that throughput increased, but the increase was not statistically significant. Likewise, time in queue decreased, but the decrease was not statistically significant. These results were much less dramatic than those of other studies. Possible reasons for this disparity include different driver populations, road types, vehicle mixes, and site-specific characteristics. Despite limited improvements in throughput and time in queue, more drivers were in the closed lane, a positive response to the late merge signs.

Triptans in Orgasmic Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Frese ◽  
A Gantenbein ◽  
M Marziniak ◽  
IW Husstedt ◽  
PJ Goadsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
International Headache Society Classification ◽  
Short Term Prophylaxis

Orgasmic headache (headache associated with sexual activity type 2 according to the International Headache Society classification) is a sudden severe headache which occurs at orgasm. Experiences with triptan therapy are described. Two out of four patients with severe headache continuing for >2 h had a positive response to acute triptan therapy. Two out of three patients using triptans as short-term prophylaxis reported a reliable response on several occasions. Trip- tans might be a treatment option to shorten orgasmic headache attacks after the diagnosis is clear and, particularly, subarachnoid haemorrhage has been excluded. In patients who chose to predict their sexual activity, short-term prophylaxis with oral triptans 30 min before sexual activity might be a therapeutic option in those not responsive to or not tolerating indomethacin.

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