Effects of low pH and low calcium concentration on the pulmonate snail Planorbella trivolvis: a laboratory study

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1578-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Douglas Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Developmental Arrest ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Adult Growth ◽  
Planorbella Trivolvis ◽  
Circumneutral Ph

Freshwater pulmonate snails (Planorbella trivolvis) were maintained in the laboratory in stream water with manipulated pH and Ca2+. Low pH treatments (4.6 and 4.7) resulted in significantly lower adult growth rates and reduced gross fecundity compared with circumneutral pH treatments (7.2 and 7.4) regardless of the Ca2+ level. None of the eggs laid in low pH treatments hatched, mostly because of developmental arrest (gastrula or earlier). Eggs in low Ca2+ treatments took longer to complete development and had a higher incidence of abnormality compared with eggs in the high pH, high Ca2+ treatment. Juveniles that successfully hatched from the low Ca2+ treatments grew very little and all died within 100 days whereas over 7.2% of those in the high Ca2+, circumneutral pH treatment were alive at day 100, some of which had become adults and were laying eggs. This study suggests that both low pH (4.6) and low Ca2+ (1–2 mg/L) are lethal to Planorbella trivolvis, with embryos and juveniles showing much greater sensitivity than adults. Given the ranges of the two variables used in this study (1000-fold for H+ and ca. 30-fold for Ca2+), pH has the greater negative impact and, when below 5.0, led to recruitment failure in P. trivolvis; a similar effect on other pulmonate species would be expected. Furthermore, a Ca2+ concentration as low as 2 mg/L alone, regardless of pH, would be sufficient to cause recruitment failure by reducing juvenile survival. These data suggest that increasing Ca2+ levels does not protect P. trivolvis from the effects of low pH.

Reproduction of selected Mollusca in some low alkalinity lakes in south-central Ontario

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Servos ◽  
J. B. Rooke ◽  
G. L. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Low Ph ◽  
Acidic Lakes ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
South Central ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Growth and reproduction of several species of molluscs were examined in six low alkalinity lakes in south-central Ontario. Amnicola limosa (Gastropoda: Amnicolidae) held through the summer of 1982 in cages in acidic lakes (pH 5.78–5.89) grew slower (p < 0.01) than those held in less acidic lakes (pH 6.03–6.84). The development of eggs of A. limosa in the laboratory was impaired at and below pH 5.0 and delayed at pH 5.5 relative to pH 6.0. Hence the recruitment failure and elimination of A. limosa that has been reported in acidifying lakes may be caused by reduced summer growth and (or) impaired development of the eggs. In contrast, Pisidium spp. (Bivalvia: Pisidiidae) do not appear to be adversely affected by low pH in the lakes in this study (pH 5.78–6.84). Caged Pisidium equilaterale did not have reduced growth in the acidic lakes during the summer of 1982. Pisidium casertanum and Pisidium ferrugineum had only slightly reduced (p < 0.05) fecundity (number of extramarsupial larvae per adult) in acidic lakes relative to less acidic lakes sampled in 1980.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY ON STREAM WATER QUALITY IN LANGSA, ACEH

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmy Akbar ◽  
Iwan Suyatna ◽  
Jailani Jailani ◽  
Singgih Afifa Putra ◽  
Fauziah Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Type C

Increased human activity towards the water bodies will change the condition of water quality. Case study in Langsa, Aceh, It was found that an increase in Some physical parameter (TSS) that exceeds the value determined in PP 82 of 2001 (Indonesian government standard). The high value of TSS in Station 2 and Station 3 indicates that the sediment loading to the water body is high, especially in Station 3, where the TSS concentrations far exceed the standard. Activity of type C surface mining materials tends to affect the brightness, turbidity, depth and TSS. Water conditions with low pH were also found in this study. In location studied no EPT larvae were found Keyword: Langsa, Water Quality, Stream, Total Suspended Solid, Anthropogenic Activity

scholarly journals Stream plant chemistry as indicator of acid sulphate soils in Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. LAX
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fontinalis Antipyretica ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Trace Element Chemistry ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Results from the biogeochemical mapping (roots of aquatic plants and Fontinalis antipyretica) conducted by the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) reflects the metal load of surface waters draining acid sulphate (AS) soils in Sweden. In this study, results from the biogeochemical, soil geochemical and Quaternary mapping programmes at SGU were used to investigate the impact of fine-grained deposits hosting AS soils on stream water trace element chemistry in two separate areas. In the area around Lake Mälaren, postglacial sediments contain the highest levels of most trace elements studied. Owing to the low pH of AS soils and subsequent leaching, levels of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), sulphur (S), yttrium (Y), uranium (U), tungsten (W), and molybdenum (Mo) were significantly elevated in aquatic roots. Levels were lower in the Skellefteå area, which may be explained by lower concentrations in source deposits. Concentrations of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were normal or impoverished in biogeochemical samples from postglacial, finegrained sediment areas. Maps based on ratios (Ni:Pb or Y:Pb) in biogeochemical samples can, together with results from Quaternary mapping, be used to predict areas with AS soils in Sweden.;

Low pH reduces the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam in human urine, but confirms current breakpoints for urinary tract infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Karoline Nussbaumer-Pröll ◽  
Sabine Eberl ◽  
Birgit Reiter ◽  
Thomas Stimpfl ◽  
Christoph Dorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acidic pH has been shown to impact the antibiotic activity of non-β-lactams in urine. Objectives To investigate the in vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam compared with meropenem at different pH settings in urine. Methods We determined the MICs for 30 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, 25 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 24 clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis in pooled human urine and standard growth medium at pH 5 and 7. Time–kill curves were produced for one representative clinical isolate of tested bacterial strains in urine at pH 5, 6 and 7 for both antibiotics at concentrations above and below the MIC. HPLC analysis of the stability of ceftolozane/tazobactam and meropenem was performed at different pH values. Results The median MICs of both antibiotics were up to 8-fold higher at pH 5 than at pH 7. Bacterial growth of E. coli was not impacted by pH, while for K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis low pH slightly reduced growth. Compared with pH 7, pH 5 resulted in a significant decrease in antibiotic activity with a delta of up to 3 log10 bacterial counts after 24 h. Impact of acidic pH was lowest for P. mirabilis; however, this strain metabolically increased the pH during experiments. Stability was not impacted by low pH. Conclusions Acidic pH had a significant negative impact on the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and meropenem in urine. Considering concentrations achieved in urine, our results confirm existing breakpoints and do not advocate increasing ceftolozane/tazobactam breakpoints for urinary tract infections.

The effect of solution pH and external calcium concentration on the early growth and nodulation of several annual Medicago species

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Ewing ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Annual Medics

The study tested the hypothesis that annual medic species which nodulate well in acid soils in the field (M. murex Willd. and M. polymorpha L.) will nodulate better in acid solutions with low calcium concentrations than annual medics which nodulate poorly in acid soils (M, truncatula Gaertn.). Effects of pH (5.5 and 6.5) and calcium concentration (0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) on the early growth and nodulation of three annual medic species (M. truncatula, M. polymorpha and M. murex) were investigated. Increasing pH or calcium concentration did not increase plant growth for any of the species. However, nodulation was generally depressed by low pH for all species. Increasing calcium concentration in solution increased nodulation in all species. Effects of low pH and low calcium concentration in decreasing nodule number were much greater for M. truncatula than for M. polymorpha and M. murex. At pH 5.5, M. truncatula failed to nodulate at any calcium concentration, whereas a large proportion of M. murex plants nodulated at 1 mM calcium and some M. polymorpha plants nodulated at 2 mM calcium. At pH 6.5, M. polymorpha required 1 mM calcium in solution for maximum nodule number, and M. murex only 0.5 mM calcium, whereas nodule number for M. truncatula increased up to 2 mM calcium, the highest concentration used. The results provide the basis for a simple screening system to distinguish differences among annual medics in nodulation tolerance to acidity. The maintenance of ranking among species with respect to nodulation over a wide range of stresses induced by combinations of low pH and calcium concentration suggest that screening using a single stress combining these two components would be adequate. Nodulation differences between species can be simply and effectively assessed using a scoring system combining number size and location of nodules.

The effects of H+ upon the gills of freshwater fish

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Mucous Secretion ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Gill Structure ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
And Function ◽  
External Calcium ◽  
Gill Function

The structure and function of the gills of freshwater fish are briefly summarized and the responses to low pH are reviewed, with particular reference to the salmonid fishes. Major influences are seen upon ion and acid–base regulatory mechanisms at the gills and upon mucous secretion and gill structure. Ionic imbalances which can be responsible for death at low pH are caused by disturbances to both the active transport and the diffusional losses of Na+ and Cl−. The disturbances, while not identical for the two ions, are similar to the extent that the undirectional fluxes of both are dependent upon the severity and duration of the acid exposure and upon the external calcium concentration. Calcium also has an important influence on the net flux of H+ across the gills. A model is proposed for the interaction of Ca2+ and H+ on gill function. The physiological importance of mucous secretion at low pH is discussed and the issue of whether acid-intolerant species can be successfully adapted for life at low pH is examined.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Application Cement By-Pass Dust into the Garden Architecture Elements

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Lukáš Procházka ◽  
Barbara Vojvodíková ◽  
Jana Boháčová
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Park Use ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Granulated Slag ◽  
Ph Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

This article deals with the possibility of using cement by-pass dust (CBPD) in the garden architecture elements, specifically in curbs for park use. To increase the positive effect on the environment, other secondary raw materials were also used in the research, specifically blast furnace granulated slag and silica fly ash. Mixtures were based on alkali activation, where cement as a binder was 100% replaced by raw materials with waste properties. In the research, properties of used materials and also the basic physical-mechanical and durability properties of prepared mixtures were determined Part of the research focused on the effect of the tested beams on the grassland planted around the beams. Any significant negative impact was not registered, except for low pH increase of soil. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis were performed on selected samples. Testing has shown that the products are in accordance with the Czech standard requirements for concrete curbs in garden architecture. The samples did not pass only the scaling test, which is, however, a condition for concrete curbs used for roads. For garden architecture this test is not required.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ACIDIFICATION ON GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS RATE OF SEAGRASS Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenberg.) Ascherson

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-696
Author(s):  
Bq Tri Khairina Ilhami ◽  
Mujizat Kawaroe ◽  
Hefni Effendi ◽  
Neviaty Putri Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ipcc Report

Seagrass is a water plant that has flowers and ability to adapt to live and grow in the sea like a terrestrial plant. The survival of seagrass is greatly influenced by physical and chemical parameters of waters, such as pH, temperature, and salinity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report by the end of 21st century, CO2 in the atmosphere has doubled along with the industrial development. The increase in CO2 in the atmosphere causes ocean acidification, it can change the chemical structure and decrease the pH of sea water. The low pH of sea water influences plant phisiology such as the inhibition of photosynthesis and growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of pH on the growth and photosynthesis rate of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii. The study used Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments control (8.10-8.50), medium pH (7.76-8.00) and low pH (7.50-7.75) in 5 replicates. The results showed that growth rate, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content has a bigger value on control treatment than the low pH treatment. The ANOVA test results were not significant for all treatment variables and had a negative impact on the survival of seagrass.

scholarly journals 1-Dimensional numerical modelling of unsaturated water flow and oxygen diffusion in overburden material column using hydrus 1-D

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
Jarwinda ◽  
A Badhurahman ◽  
G J Kusuma ◽  
R S Gautama
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Overburden Material ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Unsaturated Condition ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract Coal mining activities, especially overburden material dumping can cause a negative impact into the environment, i.e., acid mine drainage, Acid mine drainage is characterized as low pH water with high sulphate and metal content produced from sulphidic-bearing overburden material with oxygen and water. In unsaturated condition, both of gaseous and water phases exist, acid mine drainage is generated. This study aims to characterize and model the water content in unsaturated condition and diffusion of oxygen of overburden material using the Hydrus 1-D software in a laboratory-scaled column. Laboratory-scaled column is initially filled with 75-cm height of dry overburden material and subjected into 5-cm constant head water level at the top of the column with free-flow condition at the bottom of column. The modelling result shows the water content of overburden material varies within depth and time elapsed and is saturated between 32400 minutes and 36000 minutes after initial wetting. Diffusivity of oxygen is linearly correlated with the water content of the overburden material at any given time and depth that varies between 1.34 × 10−7 m2/s and 8.80 × 10−12 m2/s. Water content and diffusivity of oxygen is expected to affect the generation of acid mine drainage in the overburden material.

The Influence of Calcium on the Physiological Responses of the Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, to Low Environmental pH

1980 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
D. G. McDONALD ◽  
H. HŌBE ◽  
C. M. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Minor Depression ◽  
Regulatory Failure ◽  
A Minor

The physiological responses of 1- to 2-year-old rainbow trout to low pH are dependent on the environmental calcium concentration. Trout, maintained for 5 days in moderately hard water ([Ca2+] = 1·6–2·7 m-equiv/1) at a mean pH of 4·3, developed a major blood acidosis but exhibited only a minor depression in plasma ion levels. In acidified soft water ([Ca2+] = 0·3 m-equiv/1), only a minor acidosis occurred, but plasma ion levels fell and there were substantially greater mortalities. Lethal bioassays performed on fingerling trout over a range of pH levels (3·0–4·8) revealed an important influence of external [Ca2+] on resistance to acid exposure. Terminal physiological measurements on adult fish succumbing to low pH in soft water indicate the singular importance of iono-regulatory failure as the toxic mechanism of action under these circumstances.

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