Factors affecting colony attendance by Ancient Murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Jones ◽  
Anthony J. Gaston ◽  
J. Bruce Falls
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weather Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Nesting Season ◽  
Colony Attendance

We studied factors influencing variation in nightly levels of activity (birds arriving and vocalizing) and numbers of birds staging offshore at a colony of Ancient Murrelets at Reef Island, British Columbia, during 1984, 1985, and 1986. Activity was restricted to the hours of darkness and extremely variable in magnitude from night to night. The rate of entry into burrows tended to decrease, and the amount of vocalization and numbers of birds at the staging area increased during the nesting season. We detected an underlying 4-day cyclical pattern of attendance. Nightly variability of activity at the colony was affected by moonlight and weather conditions. Since activity, particularly vocalization, was reduced on moonlit nights, we suggest that nocturnal colony attendance is a strategy to avoid diurnal predators in this species. The largest numbers of birds were present and vocalizing at the colony on calm moonless nights. Weather conditions explained a substantial proportion of the night to night variability in murrelet activity. Among weather variables, wind speed had the most consistent effect and was particularly important in 1985. Both short-term, i.e., of a particular night, and long-term, i.e., over the previous 3 days, conditions influenced activity. Our observations suggest that direct weather effects at the colony may be more important than weather effects related to foraging conditions. Interyear differences in activity may have resulted from the interaction of weather and general foraging conditions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Prognostic Factors Affecting Short-term and Long-term Outcomes of Gastric Cancer Resection

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 3523-3534
Author(s):  
PIOTR KULIG ◽  
PRZEMYSŁAW NOWAKOWSKI ◽  
MAREK SIERZĘGA ◽  
RADOSŁAW PACH ◽  
OLIWIA MAJEWSKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cancer Resection ◽  
Gastric Cancer Resection

Techniques to Predict Agricultural Droughts

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekai Şen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In general, the techniques to predict drought include statistical regression, time series, stochastic (or probabilistic), and, lately, pattern recognition techniques. All of these techniques require that a quantitative variable be identified to define drought, with which to begin the process of prediction. In the case of agricultural drought, such a variable can be the yield (production per unit area) of the major crop in a region (Kumar, 1998; Boken, 2000). The crop yield in a year can be compared with its long-term average, and drought intensity can be classified as nil, mild, moderate, severe, or disastrous, based on the difference between the current yield and the average yield. Regression techniques estimate crop yields using yield-affecting variables. A comprehensive list of possible variables that affect yield is provided in chapter 1. Usually, the weather variables routinely available for a historical period that significantly affect the yield are included in a regression analysis. Regression techniques using weather data during a growing season produce short-term estimates (e.g., Sakamoto, 1978; Idso et al., 1979; Slabbers and Dunin, 1981; Diaz et al., 1983; Cordery and Graham, 1989; Walker, 1989; Toure et al., 1995; Kumar, 1998). Various researchers in different parts of the world (see other chapters) have developed drought indices that can also be included along with the weather variables to estimate crop yield. For example, Boken and Shaykewich (2002) modifed the Western Canada Wheat Yield Model (Walker, 1989) drought index using daily temperature and precipitation data and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data. The modified model improved the predictive power of the wheat yield model significantly. Some satellite data-based variables that can be used to predict crop yield are described in chapters 5, 6, 9, 13, 19, and 28. The short-term estimates are available just before or around harvest time. But many times long-term estimates are required to predict drought for next year, so that long-term planning for dealing with the effects of drought can be initiated in time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of installation effects on set-up of field displacement piles in sand

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Anusic ◽  
Barry M. Lehane ◽  
Gudmund R. Eiksund ◽  
Morten A. Liingaard
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Impact Frequency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Installation Effects ◽  
Field Displacement ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Shaft Friction

The paper presents results from a new series of tests on displacement piles in sand, involving different installation modes, and combines these with results from previous tests at the same site as well as with test data at two other well-investigated sand sites to provide fresh insights into factors affecting “short-term” capacity and set-up of shaft friction. It is shown that the shaft capacity measured shortly after installation reduces systematically with the logarithm of the number of impact blows or jacking increments per unit shaft area imparted during installation. However, the degree of set-up of shaft friction for piles increases with an increase in the number of blows, and piles installed using a large number of blows can attain highest “long-term” shaft capacities, despite having the lowest short-term capacity. The tests indicated that the driving impact frequency had a relatively small influence on shaft friction, while piles installed by vibration attain short-term capacities comparable to driven impact piles, but showed negative set-up.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Evaluation of Spectral Nudging Schemes in Historical Dynamical Downscaling for South Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Ramzan ◽  
Suryun Ham ◽  
Muhammad Amjad ◽  
Eun-Chul Chang ◽  
Kei Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Monsoon Precipitation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spectral Nudging ◽  
Sensitivity Evaluation ◽  
Constant Strength

Sensitivity experiments testing two scale-selective bias correction (SSBC) methods have been carried out to identify an optimal spectral nudging scheme for historical dynamically downscaled simulations of South Asia, using the coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX) protocol and the regional spectral model (RSM). Two time periods were selected under the category of short-term extreme summer and long-term decadal analysis. The new SSBC version applied nudging to full wind components, with an increased relaxation time in the lower model layers, incorporating a vertical weighted damping coefficient. An evaluation of the extraordinary weather conditions experienced in South Asia in the summer of 2005 confirmed the advantages of the new SSBC when modeling monsoon precipitation. Furthermore, the new SSBC scheme was found to predict precipitation and wind patterns more accurately than the older version in decadal analysis, which applies nudging only to the rotational wind field, with a constant strength at all heights.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Drugs Stock Void in Karsa Husada Batu Hospital: What and How?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Danny Indrawardhana ◽  
Tatong Harijanto ◽  
Ferdinandus Stevanus Kakiay
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Data Configuration ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstract: Data of pharmaceutical quality indicator in Karsa Husada Batu Hospital in January-August 2017 showed non-conformance indicator of drug stock void figure with standard. Based on this, in this present study aim to analyze the factors that influence the occurrence of drug stock void. The research used descriptive method. The results of the study indicate that there are five problems causing the occurrence of drug stock void, the coordination between units not yet running, the implementation of the pharmaceutical HIS that has not been operated, the flow of procurement that has not run optimally, the reporting system of drug stock in the unused user unit and the lack of pharmaceutical personnel in the procurement of drug stock. FGD results indicate the need for plan of action. Short-term programs include daily drug stock reporting and analysis of drug procurement flow. Long-term program in the form of pharmaceutical HIS evaluation, data configuration procedure and report into existing pharmaceutical HIS and conduct socialization/training of pharmaceutical HIS that has been configured. Keywords: pharmaceutial service standard, drug stock void, pharmaceutical Hospital Information System (HIS).

NECESSARY CHARACTERISTICS OF BARLEY VARIETIES FOR ADAPTATION TO UNFAVORABLE WEATHER CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
В. А. Batasheva ◽  
R. А. Abdullaev ◽  
Е. Е. Radchenko ◽  
О. N. Kovaleva, ◽  
I. А. Zveynek
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Average Sample

At the Dagestan experimental station, 360 samples of barley were studied from the world gene pool of the VIR named after NI Vavilov.  The sample was represented by 2- and 6-row, winter and spring, of different eco-geographical origin forms of culture. As a result of the long-term laboratory-field studies, samples with a productivity of more than 500 g / m2 were identified with an average sample size of 200-400 g. The Isp value of the noted varieties >1, therefore, they can be classified as ecologically plastic varieties. Samples of double-row barley are morphologically characterized by a combination of increased productive bushiness with a smaller number of spikelets, respectively, and grains in the ear than the six-row barley.  Theoretically, one would expect that with the development of plants and the formation of a crop under favorable conditions, low productive bushiness of 6-row forms is compensated by a large number of spikelets and grains in the ear; a smaller number of spikelets and grains in the ear in 2-row rows - high productive bushiness. At the same time, the significance of morphological differences in subspecies in the formation of their final productivity would not be significant. However, in the study area, six-rowed barley is more affected by the widespread Swedish fly (the factor that limits crop yield in the region) than double-rowed and in general the samples of the distichon L. subspecies exceed those of vulgare L. over the final crop. The frequency of occurrence of productive forms is higher among two-row barley. On the basis of the analysis of the results of many years of research, taking into account that the factors affecting the harvest of barley in this zone are plant damage caused by fungal diseases, damage to the Swedish fly, lodging, and salinization, we consider it economically more efficient to cultivate, in conditions of irrigated farming, southern Dagestan  with the corresponding characteristics.

Evaluating Factors Affect Green IT Readiness (Part 1)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yas A. Alsultanny ◽  
Fatma M. Alnassar
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Governance ◽  
Green It ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technology Practice ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
It Departments ◽  
Data Centres

The IT departments must have green IT readiness to control emissions from data centres and selecting equipments of low power consumption. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting green IT readiness. A questionnaire of developed to evaluate green IT readiness from the perspective of the IT staff. The questionnaire divided into two parts. The first part is for demographic information and general questions. The second part for green IT dimensions; technology, practice, policy, governance, and attitude. The data collected from 401 respondents. The results showed that the factors; technology, practice, attitude, and maintenance have an agree degree of agreement, while the factors; policy, governance, and green IT readiness have neutral degree of agreement. The governance has the highest correlation and influence on green IT readiness. The study recommends organizations, to setup strategies for implementing green IT as short-term solutions, and the government needs new laws and policies to implement green IT as a long-term solution.

Identification of macroeconomic aspects affecting the scale of informal employment

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
V. Gonin ◽  
◽  
R. Gladkikh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Small Business Development ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Informal Labour

The relevance of the study is to determine the scale of informal employment, as well as to identify the factors affecting this segment of the economy. In the course of the study, a relationship was established between informal employment and the following indicators: unemployment, investment levels, small business development, and average wages. The relationship between the presented macroeconomic factors was revealed, both in the short term by means of correlation analysis and in the long term by tracking changes in the dynamics of informal employment and the presented macroeconomic factors for the period from 2010 to 2019. This study supports the theory of E. de Soto about the forced specifics of informal economic activity, in other words, when there is no employment opportunity (too difficult) in the official economy, citizens are forced to resort to the informal sector of the economy in order to replenish their well-being. In a situation where welfare increases, economic actors can transform and move to employment in the official economy. However, the data obtained in the short-term period did not find confirmation in comparison with the long-term, on the contrary, they showed the opposite picture, which indicates the heterogeneity of informal employment in Russia. Previously, citizens involved in informal labour relations were assessed exclusively as low-skilled, uneducated employees. Currently, informal employment is more assessed as a certain economic activity with its own specifics. Based on the results of the study, a set of measures was drawn up to help reduce the number of informally employed citizens, and to withdraw some of the informal economic entities into the official economy

Prediction of Extreme Roll Motion on an FPSO Using Long Term Statistics

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tone M. Vestbo̸stad ◽  
Sverre Haver ◽  
Odd Jan Andersen ◽  
Arne Albert
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Roll Motion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Term Analysis

This paper presents a method for predicting extreme roll motion on an FPSO using long-term statistics. The method consists of a long-term simulation where a database of consecutive short-term sea states with combined weather conditions, including direction and magnitude of wind, wind waves and swell waves, is used. The vessel heading in given weather conditions is simulated. For each combined sea state, the short-term roll motion maxima are calculated to form a long-term probability distribution, and the extreme roll motion, e.g. the 100-year value, can be estimated from the distribution. For an example FPSO, the results from the long-term analysis have been compared with full-scale measurements, giving a validation of the method. This paper is a shortened version of [1].

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