Water balance of free-ranging little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) during pregnancy and lactation

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2468-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Kurta ◽  
Gary P. Bell ◽  
Kenneth A. Nagy ◽  
Thomas H. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
The Body ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Water Efflux ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Little Brown Bats

This study provides the first measurements of daily water flux in free-ranging bats during pregnancy and lactation. We used the wash-out rate of tritiated water from the body water pool to calculate daily water flux in 10 pregnant and 14 lactating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Average water influx was 6.16 ± 0.47 (SE) mL/day during pregnancy and 6.91 ± 0.37 mL/day during lactation; average efflux was 6.27 ± 0.44 and 7.07 ± 0.36 mL/day during pregnancy and lactation, respectively. Using data from the literature, we partitioned daily flux into major components. Our calculations indicated that most (> 62%) water influx was preformed water in the insect diet. Drinking water represented 23–26% of daily influx. Although previous studies indicated that evaporative losses greatly exceeded urinary losses in laboratory-maintained M. lucifugus, urinary and evaporative losses were comparable in our free-ranging bats. Urinary losses represented 46% of water efflux during pregnancy and 35% during lactation. Over 80% of all water efflux occurs during the 8-h night.

Aspects of the Water, Electrolyte and Carbohydrate Physiology of the Silvereye, Zosterops Lateralis (Aves).

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Rooke ◽  
SD Bradshaw ◽  
RA Langworthy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Zosterops Lateralis ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Free Ranging

Total body water content (TBW) and TBW turnover were measured by means of tritiated water (HTO) in free-ranging populations of silvereyes, Zosterops lateralis, near Margaret River, W.A. Birds were studied in their natural habitats during spring and summer, and compared with a vineyard population in summer. In the natural habitat TBW content was found to be 77.6% in spring, which was not significantly different from that measured in summer (78.3%). Birds in vineyards in summer, however, were dehydrated, with a TBW content of 69.4%. Calculated rates of water influx for spring, summer and summer vineyards birds were 1.44,2.20 and 0.65 ml g.day-' respectively. These water turnover rates are much higher than those of any other bird yet studied. Dehydration was marked in the vineyard birds, with a significantly lower TBW content and an average net water loss of 0.63 ml day-'. Laboratory studies showed that silvereyes have a low tolerance to sodium loading. Their tolerance is, however, quite adequate for them to drink the most concentrated free water available to them in the field. Ingestion of concentrated sugar solutions of up to 25% did not provoke an osmotic diuresis and thus cannot account for the dehydration and negative water balance of vineyard birds.

Seasonal-Variation in Water Flux, Field Metabolic-Rate and Food-Consumption of Free-Ranging Koalas (Phascolarctos-Cinereus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAH Ellis ◽  
A Melzer ◽  
B Green ◽  
K Newgrain ◽  
MA Hindell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Eucalyptus Crebra ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates ◽  
Free Ranging

Mass-corrected field metabolic rates of free-ranging male koalas in central Queensland, Australia, varied between 0.329 MJ kg0.75 day-1 in summer and 0.382 MJ kg0.75 day-1 in winter. Field water influx measured 50.8 mL kg-0.8 day-1 in winter, increasing to 59.9 mL kg0.8 day-1 in summer for the same koalas, and was positively correlated with values for leaf moisture of food. Winter rates of water influx for koalas from Springsure were lower than those recorded for koalas from Victoria for the same period of the year. Mass-corrected feeding rates were lower in summer than winter; wet food intake was significantly lower than reported for similar sized female koalas from Victoria. The preferred browse was Eucalyptus crebra in winter and E. tereticornis in summer. Our study indicates that in central Queensland seasonal changes in diet selection by male koalas reflect increased energy requirements in winter and increased water requirements in summer.

scholarly journals Correlations between personality traits and roosting behaviours suggest a behavioural syndrome in little brown bats

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinn M.R. Webber ◽  
Craig K.R. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Behavioural Syndrome ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Behavioural Syndromes ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Little Brown Bats

Abstract Behavioural syndromes are composed of correlated suites of personality traits and can include traits related to the behaviour and ecology of free-ranging animals. We used captive little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) to test the hypothesis that behaviours measured in standardized tests reflect personality traits and form behavioural syndromes with roosting behaviours. We predicted: (1) measured behaviours would be repeatable; (2) personality traits and roosting behaviours would form behavioural syndromes; and (3) individuals with similar personality scores would associate more strongly. We observed repeatability for some traits and evidence of behavioural syndromes. Activity was strongly repeatable across time and contexts. More central individuals roosted in larger groups, while individuals with high roost-fidelity roosted in larger groups. Individuals with similar activity scores were also more likely to associate in day roosts, suggesting some behavioural assortment. Our results have implications for how behavioural variation might influence transmission of white-nose syndrome.

scholarly journals Water flux in animals: analysis of potential errors in the tritiated water method

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (5) ◽  
pp. R454-R465 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Nagy ◽  
D. P. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Analytical Errors ◽  
Fractional Evaporation

Laboratory studies indicate that tritiated water measurements of water flux are accurate to within -7 to +4% in mammals, but errors are larger in some reptiles. However, under conditions that can occur in field studies, errors may be much greater. Influx of environmental water vapor via lungs and skin can cause errors exceeding +/- 50% in some circumstances. If water flux rates in an animal vary through time, errors approach +/- 15% in extreme situations, but are near +/- 3% in more typical circumstances. Errors due to fractional evaporation of tritiated water may approach -9%. This error probably varies between species. Use of an inappropriate equation for calculating water flux from isotope data can cause errors exceeding +/- 100%. The following sources of error are either negligible or avoidable: use of isotope dilution space as a measure of body water volume, loss of nonaqueous tritium bound to excreta, binding of tritium with nonaqueous substances in the body, radiation toxicity effects, and small analytical errors in isotope measurements. Water flux rates measured with tritiated water may be expected to be within +/- 10% of actual flux rates in most situations.

Water Flux in Malleefowl, Leipoa-Ocellata Gould (Megapodiidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
DT Booth
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Efflux Rate ◽  
Water Efflux ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
Free Ranging

Water efflux of captive and free-ranging malleefowl Leiopa ocellata (body mass 2.0 kg) was monitored over a complete annual cycle. Water efflux in captive adult birds remained relatively constant throughout the study period and averaged 26.3 ml. kg-'.d-', which is 30% of the predicted rate based on allometric criteria. Water efflux of free-ranging birds was higher and more variable than in captive birds and averaged 49.0 ml. kg-'.d-', 56% of the predicted rate. The low water efflux rates of malleefowl indicate that this species is well adapted to an arid environment. Multiple regression analysis failed to find a significant relationship between rainfall or mean air temperature and water efflux rate in free-ranging birds. An examination of the literature on avian water flux indicated that rates obtained from studies on captive birds are lower than those obtained from free-ranging birds; it is suggested that allometric analysis should take this factor into account. Two allometric equations are presented, one for captive birds, the other for free-ranging birds.

Energetics of Pregnancy and Lactation in Freeranging Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 804-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Kurta ◽  
Gary P. Bell ◽  
Kenneth A. Nagy ◽  
Thomas H. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Little Brown Bats

Comparative metabolism of tritiated water by macropodid marsupials

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 1794-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Denny ◽  
TJ Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Comparative Metabolism ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Time Required

The total body-water content (TBW) and rate of water turnover were measured usingtritiated water in five species of macropodod marsupials (kangaroos), which ranged in weight from 1 to 50 kg. Animals fitted with rumen cannulas were used to estimate the time required for tritiated water to equilibrate within the body of large kangaroos. In hydrated kangaroos this was 6 h, during the time 2.7% of the injected tritiated waterwas lost from the body. During dehydration, the equilibrium time was extended to 10h.Values up to 78% of body weight were found for TBW in the larger species of kangaroo, and these values were similiar to those found for other ruminantlike mammals, particularly those with a low body-fat content. The smaller macropodids had a TBW (about 60% of body weight) similiar to that of most laboratory mammals. The rates of waterturnover of the macropodids were related to body weights by the expression 1/day = 0.09kg-0.80. Macropodid marsupials have a daily water usage shich is about two-thirds ofthat found for eitherians and this may be related to the lower metabolic rate of marsupials.

scholarly journals Ingested water equilibrates isotopically with the body water pool of a shorebird with unrivaled water fluxes

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. R1795-R1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Henk Visser ◽  
Anne Dekinga ◽  
Bart Achterkamp ◽  
Theunis Piersma
Keyword(s):  
Water Flux ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Pool ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Indoor Conditions

We investigated the applicability of 2H to measure the amount of body water (TBW) and water fluxes in relation to diet type and level of food intake in a mollusk-eating shorebird, the Red Knot ( Calidris canutus). Six birds were exposed to eight experimental indoor conditions. Average fractional 2H turnover rates ranged between 0.182 day−1 (SD = 0.0219) for fasting birds and 7.759 day−1 (SD = 0.4535) for birds feeding on cockles ( Cerastoderma edule). Average TBW estimates obtained with the plateau method were within the narrow range of 75.9–85.4 g (or between 64.6 and 70.1% of the body mass). Those obtained with the extrapolation method showed strong day-to-day variations (range 55.7–83.7 g, or between 49.7 and 65.5%). Average difference between the two calculation methods ranged between 0.6% and 36.3%, and this difference was strongly negatively correlated with water flux rate. Average water influx rates ranged between 15.5 g/day (fasting) and 624.5 g/day (feeding on cockles). The latter value is at 26.6 times the allometrically predicted value and is the highest reported to date. Differences in 2H concentrations between the blood and feces (i.e., biological fractionation) were small but significant (−3.4% when fed a pellet diet, and −1.1% for all the other diets), and did not relate to the rate of water flux (χ2 1 = 0.058, P < 0.81). We conclude that the ingested water equilibrated rapidly with the body water pool even in an avian species that shows record water flux rates when living on ingested marine bivalves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document