The comparative epizootiology of Capillaria hepatica (Nematoda) in urban rodents from different habitats of Baltimore, Maryland

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2769-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Childs ◽  
G. E. Glass ◽  
G. W. Korch Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Capillaria Hepatica ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Norway Rats

The prevalence and intensity of Capillaria hepatica infections in four rodent species (Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Microtus pennsylvanicus, and Peromyscus leucopus) trapped from sites in different habitats of Baltimore were examined from 1980 to 1986. Norway rats were frequently infected (87.4%), house mice rarely infected (5.4%), and no lesions were observed in meadow voles or white-footed mice. Rats from residential locations had significantly higher prevalence and intensity of infection compared with rats from parkland locations, findings not related to differences in the age structure of the populations. Prevalence and severity of lesions were positively associated with increasing body mass in rats and mice. No sex-related differences were found. Infection rates were positively correlated with relative densities of rat and mouse populations; results were corroborated by interviews conducted with 87 household residents.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATION OF MEADOW VOLES (MICROTUS PENNSYLVANICUS), HOUSE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS), AND NORWAY RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) WITH MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy-Anne R. Clarke ◽  
Scott D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Laura S. Zwick ◽  
Steven V. Church ◽  
John B. Kaneene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Norway Rats

Factors determining the distribution of introduced mammals in nature reserves of the southern province, New Caledonia

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Rouys ◽  
Jörn Theuerkauf
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Southern Province ◽  
Feral Populations ◽  
Norway Rats

We studied the distribution of introduced mammals in six nature reserves of New Caledonia's southern province. Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans) were common in both rainforest and shrubland but their abundance decreased with increasing altitude. Ship rats (Rattus rattus) were abundant in rainforest but less numerous in shrubland and their abundance did not increase with altitude. We found no Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) or house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) in reserves. Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) used mainly rainforest but also shrubland and preferred foraging in valleys with alluvial soils. Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) selected shrubland over rainforest. Feral cats (Felis catus) were widely distributed in the reserves, whereas dogs (Canis familiaris) strayed into reserves but did not form feral populations.

Antibody responses against Echinococcus multilocularis antigens in naturally infected Rattus norvegicus

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ito ◽  
M. Okamoto ◽  
H. Kariwa ◽  
T. Ishiguro ◽  
A. Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Capillaria Hepatica ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽  
Norway Rats

AbstractTwo Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus, were found to be naturally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis in Japan. One of them was simultaneously infected with at least three different sized metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis. These two R. norvegicus rats and another R. norvegicus naturally infected with T. taeniaeformis and Capillaria hepatica were examined to see if they showed any antibody responses against these two cestode parasites with the view to obtaining more information on the importance of rats as the intermediate host for E. multilocularis. These R. norvegicus showed very poor antibody responses against the two cestode species, although the Wistar rats, R. rattus, experimentally infected with a single smaller sized metacestode of T. taeniaeformis showed stronger responses not only against T. taeniaeformis but also against E. multilocularis. Therefore the three R. norvegicus naturally infected with E. multilocularis and/or T. taeniaeformis demonstrated virtually no immune response, at least against these cestodes.

scholarly journals Factors affecting carriage and intensity of infection of Calodium hepaticum within Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from an urban slum environment in Salvador, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. WALKER ◽  
T. CARVALHO-PEREIRA ◽  
S. SERRANO ◽  
G. PEDRA ◽  
K. HACKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Calodium Hepaticum ◽  
Norway Rats ◽  
Slum Areas

SUMMARYUrban slum environments in the tropics are conducive to the proliferation and the spread of rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens to humans. Calodium hepaticum (Brancroft, 1893) is a zoonotic nematode known to infect a variety of mammalian hosts, including humans. Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) are considered the most important mammalian host of C. hepaticum and are therefore a potentially useful species to inform estimates of the risk to humans living in urban slum environments. There is a lack of studies systematically evaluating the role of demographic and environmental factors that influence both carriage and intensity of infection of C. hepaticum in rodents from urban slum areas within tropical regions. Carriage and the intensity of infection of C. hepaticum were studied in 402 Norway rats over a 2-year period in an urban slum in Salvador, Brazil. Overall, prevalence in Norway rats was 83% (337/402). Independent risk factors for C. hepaticum carriage in R. norvegicus were age and valley of capture. Of those infected the proportion with gross liver involvement (i.e. >75% of the liver affected, a proxy for a high level intensity of infection), was low (8%, 26/337). Sixty soil samples were collected from ten locations to estimate levels of environmental contamination and provide information on the potential risk to humans of contracting C. hepaticum from the environment. Sixty percent (6/10) of the sites were contaminated with C. hepaticum. High carriage levels of C. hepaticum within Norway rats and sub-standard living conditions within slum areas may increase the risk to humans of exposure to the infective eggs of C. hepaticum. This study supports the need for further studies to assess whether humans are becoming infected within this community and whether C. hepaticum is posing a significant risk to human health.

Capillaria hepatica in Wild Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Vancouver, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Rothenburger ◽  
Chelsea G. Himsworth ◽  
Victoria Chang ◽  
Manigandan LeJeune ◽  
Frederick A. Leighton
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Capillaria Hepatica ◽  
Norway Rats

Comparative studies of Giardia spp. in small mammals in southern Ontario. I. Prevalence and identity of the parasites with a taxonomic discussion of the genus

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Grant ◽  
Patrick T. K. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Brown Rat ◽  
Giardia Muris

Giardia microti Kofoid and Christiansen, 1915 was identified in 98.8% (322 of 326) of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and G. peromysci Filice, 1952 emend, in 98% (48 of 49) of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) that were livetrapped at six locations in southern Ontario. One feral brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) was infected with Giardia simoni Lavier, 1924 and Giardia muris Grassi, 1881. Laboratory rats (Wistar strain) harboured only G. simoni and laboratory mice (C3H strain) were infected with G. muris. Golden hampsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected with Giardia mesocricetus Filice, 1952 emend.Giardia spp. were separated into two morphologically distinct groups. Trophozoites of G. muris and G. mesocricetus were almost as wide as long and had round or oval centrally situated median bodies. Trophozoites of G. microti, Giardia peromysci, and G. simoni were elongate with long curved median bodies lying perpendicular to the long axis of the trophozoite.Further differentiation of species was not possible by comparing trophozoite morphology but was accomplished by comparing the average lengths and widths of trophozoites.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of WBA 8119 as a rodenticide for use against warfarin-resistant and non-resistant rats and mice

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Redfern ◽  
J. E. Gill ◽  
M. R. Hadler
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Commensal Species ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARYFeeding tests were carried out in the laboratory to evaluate WBA 8119 as a potential new rodenticide against wild common rats (Rattus norvegicus), ship rats (R. rattus) and house mice (Mus musculus). The results obtained are compared with data previously obtained for difenacoum, another member of the same series of 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulants.With warfarin-resistant and non-resistant common rats, complete kills were obtained using a concentration of 0·0005% for 2 days, or 0·001 % for 1 day: a 1-day test at 0·0005% killed 6 out of 10 and 17 out of 20 of the two types respectively. At 0·005% complete kills of resistant ship rats were obtained after 2 days exposure and of resistant house mice after 1 day, but at 0·002% for 2 days there was some survival. Non-resistant ship rats and house mice were all killed after 2 days feeding on 0·002% bait.In 2-day palatability tests, R. norvegicus showed no significant aversion to the poison at 0·002% and 100% mortality was obtained. The poison was significantly unpalatable to R. rattus at 0·005% and to M. musculus at 0·005% and 0·002 %, although with the last species these concentrations gave complete kills.It is concluded that WBA 8119 has greater activity than other known anticoagulants against the three commensal species examined. The laboratory results suggest that concentrations between 0·0005% and 0·002% would be suitable for field use against common rats, and between 0·002% and 0·005% for ship rats and house mice.

Winter coexistence of voles in spruce forest: relevance of seasonal changes in aggression

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1004-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian N. Turner ◽  
Michael R. Perrin ◽  
Stuart L. Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Vole Population ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Interspecific Aggression ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Short Period

Beginning in November 1973, numerous meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) moved onto a spruce forest grid occupied by red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi). A resident meadow vole population resulted, the two species coexisting until April 1974, when most meadow voles disappeared from the grid during a relatively short period. Interspecific aggression levels, as determined from voles temporarily removed from the populations and tested in paired encounters in a laboratory arena, were low during the winter, but increased when males of both species entered reproductive condition in the spring. Microtus was generally dominant in early breeding period encounters, but this dominance declined concurrently with the meadow voles' disappearance from the forest. It is argued that meadow voles did not leave the forest to breed, or because the snow cover melted, since this species will live and reproduce in forest in the absence of Clethrionomys. The results are interpreted as support for an earlier hypothesis that competitive habitat exclusion varies seasonally with reproduction-related aggression. Thus, these species apparently may coexist in either of their preferred habitats when interspecific aggression is low (the nonbreeding season), but this relationship terminates when interspecific aggression levels increase with the resumption of breeding in the spring.

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