Phagodrilus gen.nov. (Lumbriculidae): systematics and biology of a predaceous oligochaete from western North America

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2304-2311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy McKey-Fender ◽  
William M. Fender

The genus Phagodrilus (Lumbriculidae) is erected for Phagodrilus macnabi sp.nov., a predaceous worm with a paryngeo-esophageal region resembling that of Agriodrilus, a monotypic genus from Lake Baikal, often cited as a potential progenitor of the leeches. The pharynx or gizzard of Phagodrilus has the opposite dorsoventral orientation of its triangular section to that of Agriodrilus (apex dorsad in Phagodrilus, ventrad in Agriodrilus). While the latter appears closely related to Lamprodrilus in terms of its reproductive system, Phagodrilus resembles the Stylodrilus–Hrabea complex. These characteristics clearly indicate separate origins of the predatory habit and convergence of these two taxa, which suggests reexamination of the relationship between them and the leeches and branchiobdellids.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pratt

Two viruses, clover yellow mosaic (CYMV) and white clover mosaic (WCMV), were separated from mixed natural infections of various clovers by inoculation of differential hosts. The host reactions of four CYMV and two WCMV isolates were studied in detail. Precipitin tests showed that the two viruses are not related serologically. In cross-absorption tests different host reactions characterizing individual CYMV isolates were reflected in serological interactions; with WCMV isolates the relationship was less clearly defined. A comparison of isolates from different parts of the world by serological methods showed that CYMV is common in western North America, while WCMV occurs in Europe, North America, and New Zealand. Pea mottle and pea wilt viruses may be equated with CYMV and WCMV respectively.


1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387-1396
Author(s):  
James E. O'Hara

Baeomyia n.g. is described for a group of small (2–3 mm long) tachinids belonging to the Siphona group of the Siphonini. All known specimens were collected in western North America, with two species recorded from southern British Columbia (Baeomyia xanthogaster n. sp. and Baeomyia juniperi n. sp.) and three species recorded from desert localities in the American Southwest (type-species Baeomyia hurdi (Reinhard), Baeomyia antennata n. sp. and Baeomyia sonorensis n. sp.). Keys to adult males and females are provided for separation of species. Systematics of the Siphonini and Siphona group are reviewed, including a discussion of the synapomorphies upon which each is defined. Baeomyia species are inferred to form a monophyletic taxon within the Siphona group on the basis of five synapomorphies, though the relationship between the genus and other Siphona group taxa is unresolved. The apparent disjunction of Baeomyia species into northern and southern ranges may be the result of relatively recent speciation events, because differences among species are slight. A detailed zoogeographic analysis of the distribution pattern must await further phylogenetic data.


Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 356 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
SATOSHI AOKI ◽  
TETSUO OHI-TOMA ◽  
JIN MURATA

Oxalis trilliifolia Hooker (1831:118; as “trilliifolium”) is distributed in western North America. The species was previously treated in a monotypic genus as Hesperoxalis triliifolia (Hook.) Small (1907: 27). However, it was recently included in Oxalis subsect. Oxalis by Lourteig (2000). It was the only species that could not be included in our previous phylogenetic analysis of O. subsect. Oxalis (Aoki et al. 2017). After the publication of our previous study, we obtained one DNA sample of O. trilliifolia from the DNA Bank of the Missouri Botanical Garden, i.e., MO-275113, which was collected from Oregon, USA. We confirmed a duplicate sheet of its voucher specimen that was deposited in herbarium P (Porter P. Lowry II 5059), even though we were unable to find the voucher specimen at MO. Therefore, its phylogenetic position was provided here, following the protocol from our previous study (Aoki et al. 2017).


Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1937 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ORTEGA-BLANCO ◽  
A. P. RASNITSYN ◽  
X. DELCLÒS

A new species of the family Anaxyelidae (Eosyntexis parva n. sp.) is described. This is the first record of the family from Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber. The specimen is mostly well preserved, except for dorsally. This makes it possible to identify several important details rarely or never observed in compression fossils. Eosyntexis spp. and the closely related genus Cretosyntexis are confined to the Eurasian Lower Cretaceous, whereas the extant monotypic genus Syntexis is restricted to western North America. The morphology of this new species suggests xylophagous habitus, and its relation with Syntexis libocedrii implies a possible relationship with burned wood, apparently a frequently available resource in northern Spanish forests of the Lower Cretaceous.


The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Koenig

Abstract I examined 38 years of Christmas Bird Count data in order to resolve conflicting earlier findings as to whether eruptions of boreal seed-eating birds are synchronized and occur at regular intervals. A total of 15 species was analyzed, including several largely insectivorous boreal species. Interspecific synchrony was common, with 34 species pairs (32% of a possible 105) statistically synchronous across all or part of North America and clusters of up to five species exhibiting significant synchrony in all pairwise combinations. Within-species synchrony was significant between eastern and western North America for five species. The relationship between interspecific synchrony and diet was weak and significantly higher among species in the same diet category in western North America only. Periodicity as measured by temporal autocorrelations in mean winter density at lags of up to three years was significant for eight of the species in at least one of the geographic regions; four of these (Red-breasted Nuthatch [Sitta canadensis], Red Crossbill [Loxia curvirostra], Common Redpoll [Carduelis flammea], and Pine Siskin [Spinus pinus]) exhibited a significant pattern of alternating cycles of low and high densities in at least one of the geographic regions analyzed. These results confirm that eruptions of boreal seed-eating birds are sometimes interspecifically synchronous events. However, the weak relationship with diet supports the hypothesis that factors in addition to food play an important role in both causing and synchronizing eruptions. Furthermore, synchrony varies dramatically through time, and thus conclusions regarding both the patterns and causes of eruptions are likely to differ depending on the time frame considered. Sincronía y Periodicidad de las Erupciones de Aves Boreales Resumen. Examiné 38 años de datos de los Conteos Navideños de Aves para resolver conflictos en hallazgos previos sobre si las erupciones de aves granívoras están sincronizadas y ocurren a intervalos regulares. Un total de 15 especies fue analizado, incluyendo varias especies boreales principalmente insectívoras. La sincronía interespecífica fue común, con 34 pares de especies (32% de 105 posibles) estadísticamente sincrónicas a través de todo o parte de América del Norte, y grupos de hasta cinco especies exhibiendo significativa sincronía en todas las combinaciones pareadas. La sincronía intraespecífica entre el Este y Oeste de América del Norte fue significativa para cinco especies. La relación entre sincronía interespecífica y dieta fue débil y sólo significativamente mayor entre especies en la misma categoría de dieta en el Oeste de América del Norte. La periodicidad, medida como la autocorrelación temporal de la densidad invernal promedio con un desfase temporal de hasta tres años, fue significativa para ocho de las especies en al menos una de las regiones geográficas; cuatro de estas especies (Sitta canadensis, Loxia curvirostra, Carduelis flammea y Spinus pinus) exhibieron un patrón significativo de alternancia de ciclos de baja y alta densidades en al menos una de las regiones geográficas analizadas. Estos resultados confirman que las erupciones de aves boreales granívoras a veces son eventos sincrónicos interespecíficos. Sin embargo, la débil relación con la dieta apoya la hipótesis que otros factores además del alimento juegan un rol importante tanto en causar como en sincronizar las erupciones. Más aún, la sincronía varía dramáticamente en el tiempo, y por ello las conclusiones sobre los patrones y las causas de las erupciones probablemente diferirán dependiendo de la escala temporal considerada.


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