Infection of post-teneral tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis) with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis

A significant proportion of post-teneral male Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and post-teneral male and female Glossina morsitans centralis Machado develop mature infections of Trypanosoma brucei brucei Plimmer and Bradford without being starved before feeding upon infected rabbits.

A method of studying the efficiency of traps for tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) and other insects

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Vale ◽  
J. W. Hargrove
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Below Ground

AbstractAn incomplete ring of electrified nets was placed round a trap or round an electrified net and visual target in woodland infested with Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. and G. pallidipes Aust. in Rhodesia. The distribution of catches in these systems was used to estimate the minimum efficiencies with which the trap or net and target captured flies that were initially attracted by odours derived from a herd of cattle hidden below ground. With mature tsetse, the estimates for the trap were 23 and 21% for male and female G. morsitans, respectively, and 70 and 49% for male and female G. pallidipes. For the net and target, the corresponding figures were 29, 30, 53 and 43. The coefficient of variation of such estimates (about 10%) was low enough to suggest that the technique affords a quick and reliable means of screening the efficiency of many trap designs. Factors responsible for the efficiency of the trap were elucidated. Data for other insects were obtained.

scholarly journals A novel vehicle-mounted sticky trap; an effective sampling tool for savannah tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009620
Author(s):  
Jackson Muyobela ◽  
Christian W. W. Pirk ◽  
Abdullahi A. Yusuf ◽  
Njelembo J. Mbewe ◽  
Catherine L. Sole
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Rapid Sampling ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Design Experiments

Background Black screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method for Glossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) that is independent of the operator’s ability to capture flies against BFR, for effective and rapid sampling of G. m. morsitans Westwood and G. m. centralis Machado. We also determined the influence of the VST colour (all-blue, all-black or 1:1 blue-black), orientation and presence of odour attractants on tsetse catch. Methodology/Principal findings Using randomised block design experiments conducted in Zambia, we compared and modelled the number of tsetse flies caught in the treatment arms using negative binomial regression. There were no significant differences in the catch indices of the three colour designs and for in-line or transversely oriented panels for both subspecies (P > 0.05). When baited with butanone and 1-octen-3-ol, VST caught 1.38 (1.11–1.72; P < 0.01) times more G. m. centralis flies than the un-baited trap. Attractants did not significantly increase the VST catch index for G. m. morsitans (P > 0.05). Overall, the VST caught 2.42 (1.91–3.10; P < 0.001) and 2.60 (1.50–3.21; P < 0.001) times more G. m. centralis and G. m. morsitans respectively, than the BFR. The VST and BFR took 10 and 35 min respectively to cover a 1 km transect. Conclusion/Significance The VST is several times more effective for sampling G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis than the BFR and we recommend its use as an alternative sampling tool.

Involvement of the X chromosome in fertility of male and female hybrids of Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intrachromosomal Recombination ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

In hybrid females of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado that carried four well-separated marker genes, suppression of intrachromosomal recombination occurred between the loci for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) and arginine phosphokinase (Apk) on the X chromosome. Fertility of backcross females was not influenced by whether they mated with G. m. morsitans or G. m. centralis, but it was higher in females that received both of their X chromosomes from G. m. morsitans than it was in females that received one X chromosome from G. m. morsitans and the other from G. m. centralis.

Survival and behaviour of tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae) released in the field: a comparison between wild flies and animal-fed and in vitro-fed laboratory-reared flies

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Vale ◽  
J. W. Hargrove ◽  
A. M. Jordan ◽  
P. A. Langley ◽  
A. R. Mews
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wing Damage ◽  
Blood Meals

AbstractMale and female Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. which emerged from puparia produced by animal-fed and in vitro-fed colonies in England were marked distinctively with non-toxic paint and released into a natural habitat of G. morsitans and G. pallidipes Aust. in Rhodesia. Concurrently, adults of both species which emerged from locally-collected puparia were marked and released. Recaptures from artificial refuges, odour attractants and mobile baits at periods up to 59 days after release and at distances up to 1800 m from the release site indicated no clear differences between native G. morsitans and the two laboratory-reared groups in respect of body size, amount of fat present at emergence, survival, dispersal, availability to a range of baits, diet, speed of taking a first meal, wing damage and insemination rate. Although the blood-meal identifications for marked female G. morsitans were similar to those for both sexes of unmarked flies, blood-meals from marked males showed a relatively high proportion of bovid identifications. Unmarked flies caught were generally older than marked catches. The ratio of females to males in unmarked samples (1:1 for G. morsitans, 2:1 for G. pallidipes) was roughly double that in marked catches.

Postmating barriers to gene flow among species and subspecies of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1727-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis

Postmating barriers to gene flow between closely related species and subspecies of tsetse flies include (i) reduced fecundity of hybridized and hybrid females and (ii) sterility of hybrid and backcross males, owing mainly to incompatibility between X and Y chromosomes from two different taxa or, possibly, incompatibility between the X from one taxon and autosomes from the other. There are also maternally inherited factors that confer unidirectional sterility upon males; these factors may influence the direction of gene flow. When Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis are crossed, these factors appear to be unstable and lose their effectiveness as barriers to gene flow when hybrid females, from several consecutive generations, are backcrossed to G. m. centralis. In hybrid females of the morsitans group, intrachromosomal recombination is suppressed in the X chromosomes, but it may occur at near normal levels in at least part of linkage group II. Some backcross flies with chromosomes composed of segments from two different taxa are fertile. Naturally occurring hybrids have been found, but it appears that hybridization zones are narrow. It remains to be determined whether introgression of genes plays a significant role in the evolution of tsetse flies.

Electrophoretic and hybridization comparison of Glossina morsitans morsitans, G. m. centralis, and G. m. submorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2694-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Identity Based

Two colonies of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, two colonies of Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead, and one colony of Glossina morsitans centralis Machado, each originating from a different geographic location, were compared genetically and by their ability to hybridize. There were marked asymmetries in results of intersubspecific hybridization. Most F1 males were sterile but most F1 females were fertile. Nei's mean genetic identity (based on 12 loci) and four hybridization indices (based upon proportion of females fertilized, puparia produced per fertilized female, F1 adults per fertilized female, and proportion of females fertilized in backcross experiments) yielded the same results: intrasubspecific similarities are greater than intersubspecific similarities, and G. m. centralis is more similar to G. m. morsitans than it is to G. m. submorsitans. Evidence is presented indicating that a phenogram based upon allele frequencies is as good as phenograms based upon hybridization as a means of representing relationships among tsetse flies.

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