Labyrinthuloides haliotidis n.sp. (Protozoa: Labyrinthomorpha), a pathogenic parasite of small juvenile abalone in a British Columbia mariculture facility

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1996-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bower
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Haliotis Rufescens ◽  
Small Juvenile ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Multiple Fission ◽  
Pathogenic Parasite ◽  
Active Swimming

Labyrinthuloides haliotidis n.sp. is an achlorophyllous eucaryotic protist that is pathogenic to juvenile abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana and Haliotis rufescens) less than 190 days of age (postsetting). Within the muscle and nervous tissue of the head and foot of susceptible abalone and in axenic nutrient culture media at 10 °C, vegetative stages of L. haliotidis proliferated by binary fission and produced ectoplasmic nets from sagenogenetosomes located on the cell periphery. When the abalone died and the parasites were released from the decaying tissue or when culture forms were washed free of nutrient medium and placed in sea water, internal multiple fission (sporulation) occurred within some cells, producing zoosporoblasts. After 24 to 72 h of incubation at 10 °C, the zoosporoblasts ruptured to release from 3 to about 10 infective biflagellated zoospores. After about 24 h of active swimming, or on contact with a glass surface, the zoospores shed their flagella. Ultrastructure of vegetative stages and zoospores related this species more closely to the thraustochytrids than to the labyrinthulids. Confusion still prevails concerning the higher taxonomic affinities of this group of organisms. In keeping with recent publications on the taxonomy of the kingdom Protozoa, L. haliotidis was considered to be a protozoan of the phylum Labyrinthomorpha and not allied with the fungi.

Pathogenicity and host specificity of Labyrinthuloides haliotidis (Protozoa: Labyrinthomorpha), a parasite of juvenile abalone

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 2008-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bower
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oyster Tissue ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Haliotis Rufescens ◽  
Small Juvenile ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gain Access

Infections with Labyrinthuloides haliotidis, an achlorophyllous, eucaryotic protist, were lethal to almost all juvenile abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana and Haliotis rufescens) less than 6 months of age in an abalone mariculture facility in British Columbia, Canada. In laboratory experiments, L. haliotidis isolated from infected abalone or grown in axenic nutrient medium was infective for abalone (H. kamtschatkana) less than 4.0 mm in shell length and 140 days of age. Ten days after exposure to at least 104 parasites in 20 mL of sea water, about 90% of these abalone died with numerous parasites throughout the tissues of the head and foot. By about 190 days of age, regardless of shell size, abalone mortalities were reduced to less than 50% after exposure to about 105 parasites. Finally, by about 340 days of age, most juvenile abalone (4.0 to 10.5 mm in shell length) did not succumb after three consecutive exposures, 13 days apart, to between 2 × 105 and 5 × 106L. haliotidis. Larger abalone (15 to 25 mm in shell length) did not become infected following intramuscular injections of about 1.5 × 104L. haliotidis. Small juvenile scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) and juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas), both less than 8 months of age, were also resistant to infection. However, two of the oysters with badly cracked shells became infected. This suggests that if L. haliotidis can gain access, it is capable of using living oyster tissue as a source of nutrients for growth and multiplication.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Biodegradation of Petroleum Contaminants by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Caspian Sea Coastline Waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Samira Mehrdad ◽  
◽  
Keivan Saeb ◽  
Lobat Taghavi ◽  
Masood Ghane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Predominant Strain

Background: Water plays an essential role in supporting life on earth and sea worldwide, requiringclean, safe, high quality and sustainable resources. Nowadays, many water resources have been contaminatedwith toxic compounds originating from petroleumdue to economical and industrial developments. There is anurgent need to clean up the waters with environmentally friendlyand inexpensive methods. This study investigated the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) using Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in southern Caspian Sea coastline. Methods: Coastline sediment samples were collected, with P. aeruginosa being the predominant strain. The bacteria were cultured in triplicates in the presence of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% of gasoline andunder specific experimental conditions of varying temperature, pH, salinity, shaker speed, and incubation periods. The data representing the gasoline biodegradation in the samples were statistically analyzed. Results: At optimized experimental conditions for temperature, pH, salinity, incubation period, and shaker speed, maximum biodegradation of TPH was achieved by culturing P. aeruginosa strains with the sea water samples containing varying concentrations of gasoline. Conclusion: The gram-negative bacteria, P. aeruginosa, almost completely biodegraded TPH contaminants from the samples’ culture media over 28 days of incubation. We conclude that the use of P. aeruginosa is an efficient method for the biodegradation of Caspian coastal waters contaminated with TPH.

scholarly journals Use of Biofuel Industry Wastes as Alternative Nutrient Sources for DHA-Yielding Schizochytrium limacinum Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4398
Author(s):  
Sofoklis Bouras ◽  
Nikolaos Katsoulas ◽  
Dimitrios Antoniadis ◽  
Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Lipid Yield ◽  
Biofuel Industry ◽  
Schizochytrium Limacinum

The simultaneous use of crude glycerol and effluent from anaerobic digestate, both wastes derived from the biofuel industry, were tested in the frame of circular economy concept, as potential low-cost nutrient sources for the cultivation of rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oil microalgae strain Schizochytrium limacinum SR21. Initially, the optimal carbon and nitrogen concentration levels for high S. limacinum biomass and lipids production were determined, in a culture media containing conventional, high cost, organic nitrogen sources (yeast extract and peptone), micronutrients and crude glycerol at varying concentrations. Then, the effect of a culture media composed of crude glycerol (as carbon source) and effluent digestate at varying proportions on biomass productivity, lipid accumulation, proximate composition, carbon assimilation and fatty acid content were determined. It was shown that the biomass and total lipid content increased considerably with varying effluent concentrations reaching 49.2 g L−1 at 48% (v/v) of effluent concentration, while the lipid yield at the same effluent concentration reached 10.15 g L−1, compared to 17.0 g L−1 dry biomass and 10.2 g L−1 lipid yield when yeast extract and peptone medium with micronutrients was used. Compared to the control treatment, the above production was obtained with 48% less inorganic salts, which are needed for the preparation of the artificial sea water. It was shown that Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 was able to remediate 40% of the total organic carbon content of the biofuel wastes, while DHA productivity remained at low levels with saturated fatty acids comprising the main fraction of total fatty acid content. The results of the present study suggest that the simultaneous use of two waste streams from the biofuel industry can serve as potential nutrient sources for the growth of Schizochytrium limacinum SR21, replacing the high cost organic nutrients and up to one half the required artificial sea water salts, but upregulation of DHA productivity through optimization of the abiotic environment is necessary for industrial application, including aqua feed production.

Use of Ultra-violet-irradiated Sea Water in the Preparation of Culture Media

Nature ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 211 (5048) ◽  
pp. 483-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. HAMILTON ◽  
A. F. CARLUCCI
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ultra Violet

Influence des conditions de culture préalables et de la présence du gènerpoSpour la survie deSalmonella typhimuriumen eau de mer exposée à la lumière solaire

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Maatouk ◽  
S Zaafrane ◽  
J M Gauthier ◽  
A Bakhrouf
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Sunlight Irradiation ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Isogenic Strains

The effect of sunlight exposure on Salmonella typhimurium isogenic strains harboring an rpoS gene functional (rpoS+) or not functional (rpoS–) was investigated in microcosms of sterile sea water at 20 °C. The two strains rapidly lost their ability to produce colonies on solid culture media. The detrimental action of sunlight was more important when the salinity of sea water increased. The survival of stationary phase cells was influenced by RpoS. Bacteria grown in media with high salinity or osmolarity and transferred to sea water in stationary phase were more resistant to irradiation than those grown in media with low salinity. Prior growth under oxidative (0.2 mmol/L of H2O2) or amino acid starved (minimal medium) conditions did not modify the survival of either strain when they were exposed to sunlight. Bacteria were more resistant when cells were incubated in sea water in the dark prior to being exposed to sunlight. The resistance to sunlight irradiation was also greater in clones of both strains isolated from microcosms exposed to sunlight for 90 min, then further inoculated into sea water and reexposed to sunlight.Key words: Salmonella typhimurium, sea water, sunlight, rpoS, σs.

Effect of regorafenib on angiogenesis in neuroendocrine tumors in vitro.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
Tanja Milosavljevic ◽  
Elise Juge ◽  
Adrianne Reeks ◽  
Jennifer Owens ◽  
Yi-Zarn Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Multikinase Inhibitor ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Angiogenic Response ◽  
Nutrient Culture

232 Background: Regorafenib, a potent multikinase inhibitor, targets a broad range of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including but not limited to VEGFR, PDGFR, and FGFR, which play an integral role in angiogenesis. Human neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) rely on RTKs to mediate tumor neovascularization, development, and metastasis. Similar kinase inhibitors like PTK787 profoundly inhibit angiogenesis in human NETs. We hypothesized that Regorafenib would have antiangiogenic and antitumor effect on human NETs. This study demonstrates inhibitory activity of Regorafenib on pathologic angiogenesis in vitro using our human tumor angiogenesis model (HTAM). Methods: Human NETs were collected in cell culture media in the O.R. and transported to the laboratory at 4⁰C. Tumors were minced into 2 mm fragments, embedded in a fibrin-thrombin clot and supplemented with a nutrient culture media. Neovessels were visually scored and evaluated based on three parameters: percent initiation, angiogenic growth, and overall angiogenic response. An effective concentration was selected for all successive HTAM assays based on dose response experiments. Angiogenesis data was obtained for 77 patients and analyzed for significance using paired samples t-test (MedCalc). Results: Dose-dependent inhibition of angiogenesis was observed for all NETs (n = 77): primary tumors (n = 11), lymph nodes (n = 28) and organ (n = 38) metastases. Selected dose of Regorafenib [1100 nM] achieved statistically significant inhibition of angiogenic growth (59%) and overall angiogenic response (44.5%) in all NETs (p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant inhibition of percent initiation for all NETs except in primary tumors (p = 0.0260). Conclusions: Regorafenib is an effective antiangiogenic agent for NETs in-vitro. Regorafenib targets angiogenic growth in all NETs and inhibits initiation of angiogenesis exclusively in NET primary tumors. This suggests preferential use of Regorafenib for NET patients who have not yet developed metastases. Alternatively, Regorafenib could be an effective adjuvant treatment for advanced stage patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Culture Conditions to Obtain Fatty Acids from Saline Microalgae Species:Dunaliella salina,Sinecosyfissp., andChroomonassp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Castilla Casadiego ◽  
A. R. Albis Arrieta ◽  
E. R. Angulo Mercado ◽  
S. J. Cervera Cahuana ◽  
K. S. Baquero Noriega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Omega 6

The use of the saline microalgae,Dunaliella salina, Sinecosyfissp., andChroomonassp., was explored as an alternative source for the production of fatty acids using fertilizer and glycerol as culture media. The nutrient medium used contained “Nutrifoliar,” a commercial fertilizer, and/or glycerol, in natural sea water. The microalgae were placed in cultures with different conditions. The parameters that favored the largest production of fatty acids were 24 hours of agitation and illumination, 1620 L/day of air supply, 2.25 L of air/min, and a temperature of 32°C using “Nutrifoliar” as the culture media. Results indicated that, from 3 g of microalgae in wet base ofChroomonassp., 54.43 mg of oil was produced. The chromatographic characterization of oil obtained revealed the presence of essential fatty acids such as 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (omega-3) and 4,7,10-hexadecatrienoic acid (omega-6) from the speciesDunaliella salina.On the other hand, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (omega-6) and cis-11-eicosenoic acid (omega-9) were identified from the speciesChroomonassp. The temperature variations played an important role in the velocity of growth or the production of the algae biomass, the amount of oil, and the ability to produce fatty acids.

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN KULTUR ROTIFER DENGAN TANGKI VOLUME KECIL

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Philip Teguh Imanto
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Culture Container

Keberhasilan pembenihan ikan sangat dipengaruhi keberhasilan produksi jasad pakan rotifer secara tepat dan efisien. Penelitian kultur rotifer dengan tangki volume kecil bertujuan untuk mendapatkan efisiensi produksi yang paling optimal dan memenuhi prinsip dasar akuakultur low volume high density. Penelitian menggunakan tangki polyethylene dengan volume 500 L dan volume media awal 100 L, padat tebar awal 200 ind. rotifer per mL dengan sediaan pakan dasar fitoplankton Nannocloropsis occulata, ragi roti (0,05 g/mio.rot./feeding) dan suplemen Scott emulsion (0,005 g/mio.rot./feeding). Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap; tahap pertama (I) tanpa penambahan air laut, peningkatan volume hanya dari penambahan 15 L Nannochloropsis tiap hari sampai hari kelima, tahap kedua (II) dengan penambahan alga 40 L dan air laut 40 L; serta tahap ketiga (III) dengan menggandakan pemberian ragi roti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada percobaan tahap I: total produksi rata-rata 122,37 x 106 ind. rotifer, pada tahap II: 97,67 x 106 ind. rotifer, dan pada tahap III: dicapai rata-rata total produksi tertinggi dengan 187,17 x 106 ind. rotifer per tanki kultur 500 L. Pengelolaan kultur pada tahap III memberikan hasil terbaik dengan simpangan terkecil antar tangki kultur ulangan, dan membuktikan sebagai pengelolaan terbaik untuk kultur rotifer dengan tangki volume kecil. Success of marine seed production is highly influenced by effective and efficient production performance of life food rotifer. Observation on rotifer culture using small volume tank was aimed to get the optimum production and efficiency, to fulfill the basic principle of aquaculture “low volume high density”. Polyethylene tanks of 500 L. were used as culture container, with initial 100 liter sea water as culture medium and initial density of 200 ind. rotifer per mL. N. occulata, baker yeast (0.05 g/mio.rotifer/feeding) and Scott emulsion (0.005 g/mio.rotifer/feeding) were used as basic feed, and applied differently among three trials. First trial without seawater addition, increasing volume of culture media was only from 15 L. of N. occulata within 5 days culture, second trial was done with addition of seawater of 40 L and 40 L of N. occulata every day; and the last trial with twice dosage of baker yeast from trial I and II. The result showed that the average total production from the first trial was 122.37 x 106 ind. rotifer and the second trial was decreased to 97.67 x 106 ind. rotifer. Highest average total production was achieved by the last trial with 187.17 x 106 ind. rotifer per culture tank 500 L. Culture management on the third trial gave the best result with the lowest deviation among replication tanks, and proved as the best management practice for small-scale culture container.

Comparison of artificial and natural sea water as culture media for juvenile lobsters

Aquaculture ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie Lee Gallagher ◽  
W.Duane Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Culture Media

Artificial culture of Labyrinthuloides haliotidis (Protozoa: Labyrinthomorpha), a pathogenic parasite of abalone

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 2013-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bower
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Minimum Essential Medium ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Zoospore Production ◽  
Pine Pollen ◽  
Pathogenic Parasite ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Labyrinthuloides haliotidis was isolated from infected abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) and successfully cultured in minimum essential medium with 10% fetal calf serum at 10 °C for at least 1 year. On transfer to sea water, some subcultures produced numerous motile biflagellate zoospores while zoospore production of other subcultures was poor. On return to minimum essential medium, zoospores transformed into rapidly dividing vegetative forms. Labyrinthuloides haliotidis was not fastidious in its nutrient requirements and vegetative forms grew well in several different liquid media, on agar containing 10% bovine serum, and on pine pollen (Pinus contorta) in sea water. The mean diameter of the round vegetative forms often varied significantly (Student's t-test, P < 0.05) but the overall range in diameter (3.1 to 16.2 μm) observed in the various media was similar. Best growth occurred at 10 °C and in media made up with 30‰ sea water. No growth occurred at 28 °C or above, or in thioglycollate culture medium at 10 °C. Although L. haliotidis grew on pine pollen in sea water, zoosporoblasts and zoospores were not produced. The disappearance of precipitated proteins in agar medium around colonies of L. haliotidis and the destruction of host tissue around the parasite in infected abalone suggest that extracellular digestion occurs with this organism.

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