Foraging patterns of Water Pipits (Anthus spinoletta) with nestlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Delivery Rate ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Alpine Habitat ◽  
Nest Distribution

Foraging patterns of pairs of Water Pipits (Anthus spinoletta) nesting in alpine habitat in Wyoming were examined for sex-specific differences in division of space, how foraging behavior changes with nestling age, and how foraging behavior is modified to reduce the risk of nest detection by predators. Parental investment (measured by number of deliveries to nestlings, fecal sac removal, and time spent incubating and brooding) was not useful in predicting patterns of sexual niche partitioning of foraging space. There were no consistent patterns as to which sex foraged farthest from the nest. Distribution of the orientation of trip departures from nests, however, was significantly different between pair members in all cases. The mechanism(s) maintaining this pattern of spatial segregation is not known, but it may be the result of female dominance during the breeding season. Delivery rate of food to nestlings was positively correlated to nestling age. There was a concurrent positive correlation between delivery rate and percentage of foraging trips less than 50 m from the nest. Adult pipits flew significantly longer distances from nests when departing with fecal sacs. This is probably an adaptation to reduce the probability of nest detection by predators, and represents a trade-off between energy-efficient foraging and reproductive success.

scholarly journals Foraging behavior and at-sea distribution of White-Tailed Tropicbirds in tropical ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. A. S. Campos ◽  
A. B. Andrade ◽  
S. Bertrand ◽  
M. A. Efe
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Nest Attendance ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Land Crab ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Foraging Pattern

Abstract We used miniaturized GPS loggers and site observations to access foraging patterns and nest behaviour of the White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus (WTTB), an endangered species at its South Atlantic breeding colony. Dual foraging pattern was observed with alternation between long and short foraging trips. Birds responsible for nest attendance engaged in short foraging trips with mean distance from colony of 25 ± 17 km, total distance covered of 79 ± 65 km and mean duration of 4.02 ± 5.28 hours. Birds flew by dawn and returned before dusk while partners were at sea for long foraging trips that ranged from four to 11 days, with mean maximum distance from colony of 105 ± 47.48 km. Chicks were usually left alone for hours and chick predation by Land Crab Johngartia lagostroma, egg consumption by Goniopsis cruentata and intra-specific competition are suspected to be responsible for high chick mortality rates.

Observations on the Flight Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Tasmanian Bats

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Oneill ◽  
RJ Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Direct Flight

Observations were made on the flight patterns and foraging behaviour of Tasmanian bat species, by the use of light tags and the release of individuals at dusk while it was still light enough to see clearly. Four distinct foraging patterns were observed, each being characteristic of a pair of species. These pairs were: Nyctophrlusgeoffroyi and N. timoriensis (slowest flight, undulating, closest to vegetation); Eptesicus vulturnus and E. regulus (highly manoeuvrable, faster than Nyctophilus, further from vegetation); E. sagittula and Chalinolobus morio (fast, direct flight, less manoeuvrable than smaller Eptesicus and fly higher); and Pipistrellus tasmaniensis and C. gouldii (faster, most direct flight, limited manoeuvrability, prefer open areas). There is a broad agreement between the flight patterns observed and the relative shape of the wing of each species.

scholarly journals Provisioning Rate and Attendance Patterns of Wandering Albatrosses at Bird Island, South Georgia

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D. Berrow ◽  
John P. Croxall
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Trip Duration ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Diomedea Exulans ◽  
Attendance Patterns ◽  
Provisioning Rate

Abstract We investigated foraging behavior of Wandering Albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) breeding at South Georgia to assess how sex and season-specific foraging patterns relate to provisioning performance. We estimated Wandering Albatross chicks require 60–65 kg of food over the chick-rearing period; males deliver 54% of this total. Meal size delivered by both sexes remained essentially constant throughout the post-brooding chick-rearing period, but foraging trip duration varied considerably. Females made consistently longer foraging trips and delivered smaller meals but transported an average load that was 20% heavier in proportion to their body mass than males. We suggest that chick-rearing places greater demands on females compared with males and Wandering Albatrosses work hard to deliver food during the first half of chick rearing (at the expense of their own condition), thereafter reduce their work rate, presumably so as not to compromise their survival.

EA Based Approach for Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Ritika . ◽  
Gantavya Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Turn On ◽  
User Activity

Appealing to the requirement of energy savings, many approaches of energy-efficient locating sensing have been explored. Methods beyond the action of locating are somehow auxiliary, and most of the attentions are focused on locating sensing based methods. A class of lightweight positioning systems has been developed to explore a large part of the energy-accuracy trade-off space. These systems either reduce accuracy requirements, or aggressively use other cues to determine when and where to turn on EA. Implicitly or explicitly, these systems generally make several assumptions about the environment or about user activity. In this research, we proposed an energy efficient cloud based VM in which tasks can be achieved using better SLA and less energy.

scholarly journals A Novel Plant Root Foraging Algorithm for Image Segmentation Problems

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianbo Ma ◽  
Kunyuan Hu ◽  
Yunlong Zhu ◽  
Hanning Chen ◽  
Maowei He
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Root Foraging ◽  
New Type ◽  
Optimization Methodology ◽  
Multimodal Problems ◽  
Segmentation Problem

This paper presents a new type of biologically-inspired global optimization methodology for image segmentation based on plant root foraging behavior, namely, artificial root foraging algorithm (ARFO). The essential motive of ARFO is to imitate the significant characteristics of plant root foraging behavior including branching, regrowing, and tropisms for constructing a heuristic algorithm for multidimensional and multimodal problems. A mathematical model is firstly designed to abstract various plant root foraging patterns. Then, the basic process of ARFO algorithm derived in the model is described in details. When tested against ten benchmark functions, ARFO shows the superiority to other state-of-the-art algorithms on several benchmark functions. Further, we employed the ARFO algorithm to deal with multilevel threshold image segmentation problem. Experimental results of the new algorithm on a variety of images demonstrated the suitability of the proposed method for solving such problem.

Foraging diversity in lactating New Zealand sea lions: insights from qualitative and quantitative fatty acid analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laureline Meynier ◽  
Patrick C.H. Morel ◽  
B. Louise Chilvers ◽  
Duncan D.S. Mackenzie ◽  
Pádraig J. Duignan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Signature Analysis ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Prey Resources ◽  
Phocarctos Hookeri

Lactating New Zealand (NZ) sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) exhibit different foraging patterns during their foraging trips, with benthic divers spending more energy at sea than mesopelagic conspecifics. We compared blubber fatty acids (FAs) of 14 benthic and 12 mesopelagic females captured at the Auckland Islands, NZ subantarctic, in late January 2000 using an analysis of similarities (ANOSIM). FA profiles between foraging types were significantly different (global R = 0.30, p = 0.001), suggesting a different use in prey resources. We then compared the diet predictions by quantitative FA signature analysis (QFASA) by using a prey FA library available in the region. Overall, diet predictions were significantly distinct between benthic and mesopelagic females (global R = 0.17, p = 0.022), although the diets consisted of the same prey but in different contributions. The results suggest benthic females do not compensate their higher foraging costs by feeding on prey with higher energy densities. Foraging areas of benthic females are not exploited by the trawling fishery; therefore, the benthic tactic might be a trade-off between a higher foraging cost and less resource competition.

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