Seasonal changes in body composition of mature female caribou and calves (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) on an arctic island with limited winter resources

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Adamczewski ◽  
C. C. Gates ◽  
R. J. Hudson ◽  
M. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus

Twelve collections of mature female caribou and calves (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) were conducted between June 1982 and June 1984 on Coats Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, to study seasonal changes in body composition in this winter mortality limited population. Mature females depleted reserves of dissectible fat and muscle considerably during both winters of the study, particularly the second, when nearly all dissectible fat and 32% of estimated fall muscle mass were lost. Recovery of fat and muscle was rapid during the two summers, because of good quality forage and little environmental disturbance. Lactation appeared to slow fattening in early summer 1983, but by October females achieved fatness similar to that in 1982, when a majority of females in summer and fall were nonlactating. Low rumen fill and consistently high fat and muscle levels in fall 1982 and 1983 suggested that mature females then approached "set points" in body fat and muscle content. Calves grew rapidly in summer; most of this growth was lean tissue, and their losses of body fat and muscle were severe during winter. Mature females and calves increased rumen fill substantially over winter to compensate for highly fibrous food. This made total body weight a much poorer predictor of condition than carcass weight. The liver, kidneys, and empty rumen were heaviest in summer in response to high forage quality. Poor condition of females was associated with light fetuses in May 1984.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

scholarly journals Total Body Fat Content versus BMI in 4-Year-Old Healthy Swedish Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Forsum ◽  
Eva Flinke Carlsson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Marie Löf
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
High Body ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Measurement Session ◽  
Total Body

Childhood overweight and obesity, a worldwide problem, is generally identified using BMI (body mass index). However, this application of BMI has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition. Therefore, we used air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to study 4.4-year old boys and girls since this method is accurate in young children if they accept the requirements of the measurement. The purpose was to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat in these children. Body composition was assessed in 76 (43 boys, 33 girls) of the 84 children brought to the measurement session. Boys and girls contained25.2±4.7and26.8±4.0% body fat, respectively. BMI-based cut-offs for overweight could not effectively identify children with a high body fat content. There was a significant (P<0.001) but weak (r=0.39) correlation between BMI and body fat (%). In conclusion, requirements associated with a successful assessment of body composition by means of ADP were accepted by most 4-year-olds. Furthermore, BMI-based cut-offs for overweight did not effectively identify children with a high body fatness and BMI explained only a small proportion of the variation in body fat (%) in this age group.

scholarly journals Reproductive period and fecundity of Serrapinnus piaba (Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from the rio Ceará Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacira Silvano ◽  
Cristina L. C. Oliveira ◽  
Clarice B. Fialho ◽  
Hélio C. B. Gurgel
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
Test Correlation

Specimens of Serrapinnus piaba were collected monthly from April 2001 to April 2002 in the rio Ceará Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The reproductive period, determined through the monthly variation of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and maturation stages, occurred from January to April. Non-parametric Spearman test was performed in order to test correlation of monthly GSI variation in males and females with water temperature, rainfall and day length. Rainfall and Temperature were correlated with GSI variation in females only and day length showed a negative correlation with GSI variation of males only. It was verified the presence of hooks on the anal fin of mature and maturing males along all the period of study. The absolute fecundity mean was 441 (±178.08) oocytes, determined by the number of yolky oocytes counted in 27 mature female gonads. The relative fecundity, estimated by the number of yolky oocytes divided by milligram of total body weight was 0.74 (± 0.19).

scholarly journals Prediction of the <i>in vivo</i> Body Composition of Pigs Based on Cross- Sectional Region Analysis of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scans

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
A. Scholz ◽  
V. Pursel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Dxa Scans

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cross-sectional scan as an alternative to the total body DXA scan for predicting the body composition of pigs in vivo. A total of 212 pigs (56 to 138 kg live body weight) were scanned by DXA. The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat and lean in the total body and in 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide): 5 in the front leg/thoracic region, 4 in the abdominal region, and 5 in the back leg region. Regression analysis was used to compare total body and cross-sectional DXA results and chemical analysis of total body fat, protein and water. The relation (R2) between the percentage fat in individual slices and the percentage of total body fat measured by DXA ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 and by chemical analysis from 0.71 to 0.85, respectively. The relation between the percentage of lean in the individual slices and chemical analysis for percentage of total body protein and water ranged from 0.48 to 0.60 and 0.56 to 0.76, respectively. These results indicate that total body composition of the pig can be predicted (accurately) by performing a time-saving single-pass cross-sectional scan.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS, BLOOD PROFILE AND BODY COMPOSITION OF SHEEP FED WITH CA-SAPONIFIED LEMURU OIL COATED BY HERBS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Asep Sudarman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Blood Profiles

<p>This study was aimed to evaluate the physiological status, blood profiles and body composition of sheep fed with Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by herbs. Twenty fat-tailed sheep (av. BW 23±1.2 kg) were used in this experiment by using Completely Randomized Design with five treatments ration and four replications of each. Sheep fed with concentrate containing 3% Ca-saponified lemuru oil and king grass (1:1) ad libitum. Treatments were control diet without herbs (R1); Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by curcumae domestica (R2); coated by Zingiber officinale Rosc (R3); coated by Eugenia polyantha (R4) and coated by Pluchea indica Less (R5). Data of physiological parameters were measured three times a day, in the morning, at noon and afternoon. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment through jugular vein, together with zero sample for Urea Space measurement. The variables observed were physiological data (heart rate, respiration rate, and rectal temperature), blood profiles (erythrocyte, hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), leucocytes) and body composition (water, protein and fat) measured using Urea Space technique. Results of the study showed that sheep fed with Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by herbs was not significantly different on heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature among treatments. Meanwhile, total leucocytes, neutrophil cell, and lymphocytes significantly increased (P&lt;0.05) by the treatment. Body composition percentage (water, protein and fat) were same in all treatments, except the total body fat and energy retained. In conclusion, supplementation of 3% Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by Curcumae domestica, Zingiber officinale Rosc, Eugenia polyantha and Pluchea indica Less in fat-tailed sheep had no effect on physiological parameters, but improved the leucocyte and neutrophil cells. Total body fat and energy retained lower compared to control treatment.</p><p>(Key words: Body composition, Ca-saponified, Herbs, Lemuru oil, Urea space)</p>

scholarly journals 349 Empty body composition and retained energy of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Kaitlyn Wesley ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

Abstract This experiment was designed to quantify the empty body composition of Jersey steers administered an aggressive implant strategy. Jersey steers {n = 30; initial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg} were randomly assigned to one of two implant strategies: negative control (CON), or implanted with Revalor 200 (200 mg trenbalone acetate / 20 mg estradiol 17-β; (REV) every 70 d (d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) during a 420 d feeding period. Steers were harvested on d 421; 6 CON and 6 REV steers were randomly selected for collection of blood, hide, ground viscera, bone, and ground lean and fat to determine empty body composition. Proximate analysis was completed for each sample to determine total body percentages of moisture, crude protein, fat, and ash. Data were analyzed via independent t-test. Percentage empty body moisture (46.48% CON vs 49.69% REV) and empty body protein (15.32% CON vs 17.58% REV) were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in REV cattle. In contrast empty body fat (33.51% CON vs 26.93% REV) was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for CON cattle. Empty body ash did not differ (P &gt; 0.10; 4.69% CON vs 5.80% REV) between treatments. Negative control steers contained a total empty body protein to total empty body fat ratio of 0.44:1 compared to 0.62:1 for REV steers. These data suggest that an aggressive implant strategy alters composition of gain during the finishing of Jersey steers toward increased protein and decreased fat.

INFLUENCE OF DIET COMPOSITION AND CALORIC INTAKE ON BODY WEIGHT OF WARM- AND COLD-ACCLIMATED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2225-2235
Author(s):  
A. DesMarais ◽  
P. A. Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Body

The well known reduction in growth rate of cold-acclimated rats has been shown to depend on a decreased gain in total body fat, without change in the gain in lean body weight. This has been observed in rats fed Lab Chow or a high-fat diet ad libitum. In those groups fed a high-carbohydrate diet ad libitum or calorie-restricted high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets, exposure to cold had no effect on the gain in neither total body weight nor lean body weight, which were already reduced by the diet; in those animals, the significant decrease in the gain in total body fat upon exposure to cold was compensated by a slight but unsignificant increase in the gain in lean body weight, so that differences in gain in total body weight were not significant.

A comparative study on growth, body composition and carcass tissue distribution in Omani sheep and goats

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. MAHGOUB ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Growth, body composition and distribution of carcass tissues were compared in Omani sheep and goats. Animals had ad libitum access to Rhodes-grass hay (8 % CP) and a concentrate diet (16% CP) from weaning until slaughter. The two species had similar birth weights but sheep had higher preweaning (181 g/day), postweaning (175 g/day) and overall (179 g/day) growth rates than goats (120, 102 and 111 g/day, respectively) and thus they reached slaughter weights earlier. Sheep had higher slaughter weight (22·26 kg), empty body weight (20·39 kg), hot carcass weight (12·48 kg) and dressing out percentage (55·94%) than goats (21·17, 18·82, 11·48 kg and 53·97%, respectively). Sheep also had higher proportions of skin, liver and lungs and trachea (P<0·01) than goats, which had higher proportions of head, feet and gut contents. As proportions of carcass weight, sheep had higher fat (25·08%) but lower muscle content (57·24%) than goats (15·72 and 65·88%, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two species in proportion of carcass bone (13·76 and 14·17%). These effects resulted in sheep having a lower muscle: bone ratio (4·19 and 4·68) and higher fat: muscle ratio (0·44 and 0·24). Sheep had higher proportions of non-carcass, carcass and total body fat in the empty body weight (EBW) than goats. However, sheep had less non-carcass but more carcass fat than goats when fats were expressed as proportions of total body fat. Sheep had higher proportions of muscles in the proximal hind limb, distal hind limb (P<0·01), around the spinal column, connecting forelimb to thorax and high-priced muscle group (P<0·05), but lower proportions of muscles in the abdominal wall, proximal forelimb (P<0·05), distal forelimb (P<0·01), connecting neck to forelimb, intrinsic muscles of neck and thorax (P<0·05) and total forequarter muscles (P<0·01) than goats. As proportions in carcass bone, sheep had higher axial skeleton (P<0·05) but lower forelimb than goats. Among species/sex/slaughter weight groups, castrated male and female goats had the lowest growth rates. Castrates and female sheep, particularly at heavier liveweights, had higher carcass and non-carcass fat contents than intact males and goats of all sexes. Although Omani goats produced leaner carcasses and had higher proportions of some non-carcass offals than Omani sheep, they had slower growth rates and a less attractive muscle distribution. This may negatively affect their potential for large scale meat production under Omani conditions.

scholarly journals Six-compartment body composition model: Inter-method comparisons of total body fat measurement

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZM Wang ◽  
P Deurenberg ◽  
SS Guo ◽  
A Pietrobelli ◽  
J Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body
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