scholarly journals Total Body Fat Content versus BMI in 4-Year-Old Healthy Swedish Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Forsum ◽  
Eva Flinke Carlsson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Marie Löf
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
High Body ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Measurement Session ◽  
Total Body

Childhood overweight and obesity, a worldwide problem, is generally identified using BMI (body mass index). However, this application of BMI has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition. Therefore, we used air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to study 4.4-year old boys and girls since this method is accurate in young children if they accept the requirements of the measurement. The purpose was to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat in these children. Body composition was assessed in 76 (43 boys, 33 girls) of the 84 children brought to the measurement session. Boys and girls contained25.2±4.7and26.8±4.0% body fat, respectively. BMI-based cut-offs for overweight could not effectively identify children with a high body fat content. There was a significant (P<0.001) but weak (r=0.39) correlation between BMI and body fat (%). In conclusion, requirements associated with a successful assessment of body composition by means of ADP were accepted by most 4-year-olds. Furthermore, BMI-based cut-offs for overweight did not effectively identify children with a high body fatness and BMI explained only a small proportion of the variation in body fat (%) in this age group.

Total body fat content and fat topography are associated differently with in vivo glucose metabolism in nonobese and obese nondiabetic women

Diabetes ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
S. Del Prato ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
G. Gulli ◽  
A. Solini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Dietary-lifestyle patterns associated with adiposity and metabolic abnormalities in young men: cross-sectional study (MeDiSH Project)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Lonnie ◽  
Lidia Wadolowska ◽  
Joanna Kowalkowska ◽  
Elzbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
High Body ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the associations of dietary-lifestyle patterns (DLPs) with adiposity and metabolic abnormalities in young Polish men. The cross-sectional study included 367 men 19–40-year-old. Dietary and lifestyle behaviours were determined with food frequency questionnaire (Jezewska-Zychowicz et al. 2018, http://www.knozc.pan.pl). DPLs were derived with Principal Component Analysis. Body size and composition was assessed using measuring tapes and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Adiposity was determined by the assessment of excessive body weight (body mass index, BMI = 25–29.9kg/m2 for overweight and ≥ 30kg/m2 for obesity), body-fat content (percentage body fat, %BF > 25%), central obesity status (waist circumference, WC > 102cm) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM < 31kg/m2). Metabolic abnormalities were determined if parameters exceeded: 100mg/dL for fasting blood glucose (FBG), 150mg/dL for triglycerides (TG), 200mg/dL for total cholesterol (TC) and at least one component of blood pressure (BP) was above the norm (SBP ≥ 130mmHg or/and DBP ≥ 80mmHg). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and verify the association between variables. Four DLPs were derived, explaining 33% of the variance. Greater adherence (upper vs. bottom tertile) to “Protein food, fried-food and recreational physical activity” (DLP1) and “Healthy diet, activity at work, former smoking” (DLP4) patterns was associated with higher odds of being overweight (odds ratio, OR = 2.12, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI: 1.15–3.89; 3.05,1.69–5.53) but with high SMM (2.62, 1.53–4.49; 3.27, 1.91–5.59) and lower odds of central obesity (0.36, 0.16–0.83; 0.30, 0.12–0.74) and high body-fat content (0.22, 0.11–0.43; 0.37, 0.19–0.72). In addition, men from the upper tertile of DLP1 had lower odds of increased TC (0.43, 0.24–0.75). Greater adherence to “Sandwiches and convenience foods” pattern (DPL2) was associated with higher odds of central obesity (3.36,1.38–8.12), high body-fat content (3.69, 1.88–7.24) and high TC (2.50, 1.47–4.59) and lower odds of high SMM (0.54,0.32–0.90). Greater adherence to “Fast foods and stimulants” pattern (DLP3) was associated with higher odds of general and central obesity (2.56,1.00–6.56; 3.54, 1.53–8.19), high body-fat content (4.47, 2.05–9.73), but not with metabolic abnormalities. No associations between upper tertiles of DLPs and FBG, TG and BP were found. The clustering of dietary and lifestyle behaviours in men revealed that healthy diet attempts combined with active lifestyle, at work or leisure time, reduced risk of adiposity and metabolic abnormalities, despite some unhealthy components, former smoking or fried-food consumption. The study strengthens previous findings that unhealthy dietary behaviours have an adverse effect on adiposity outcomes and metabolic health, potentially through the mechanisms associated with central obesity.

Oxygen consumption, activity and body fat in normal and hairless mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Consumption Activity ◽  
Total Body

The oxygen consumption and spontaneous activity of A2G ( hr/+), A2G ( hr/hr) and NMRI mice in groups of 2, 3, or 5 were measured, and body fat content was also determined. Average rates of oxygen consumption were found to be lowest in the A2G ( hr/+) and highest in the A2G ( hr/hr) mice, and conversely for the proportion of total body fat. There was no difference in activity of A2G ( hr/+) and A2G ( hr/hr), but the NMRI mice were more active.

scholarly journals Rabbit Lines Divergently Selected for Total Body Fat Content: Correlated Responses on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Rozália Kasza ◽  
Tamás Donkó ◽  
Zsolt Matics ◽  
István Nagy ◽  
Ádám Csóka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Lean Line ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Total Body

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of divergently selected rabbits for total body fat content (fat index) on growth performance and carcass traits. The fat index was determined at 10 weeks of age by computed tomography and lasted for four consecutive generations. The rabbits with the lowest fat index belonged to the lean line and those of the highest values belonged to the fat line. At generation four, 60 rabbits/line were housed in wire-mesh cages and fed with commercial pellet ad libitum from weaning (5 w of age) to slaughtering (11 w of age). Growth performance, dressing out percentage and carcass adiposity were measured. The lean line showed a better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) than the fat line. Furthermore, the carcass of the lean rabbits had the highest proportion of fore (p < 0.020) and hind (p < 0.006) parts. On the contrary, rabbits of the fat line had the highest carcass adiposity (p < 0.001). The divergent selection for total body fat content showed to be effective for both lean and fat lines. Selection for lower total body fat content could be useful for terminal male lines, while the selection for higher total body fat content could be an advantage for rabbit does in providing fat (energy) reserves.

scholarly journals Impact of milk and nutrient intake of piglets and sow milk composition on piglet growth and body composition at weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Kaae Hojgaard ◽  
Thomas Sønderby Bruun ◽  
Peter Kappel Theil
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Piglet Growth

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of milk intake, milk composition, and nutrient intake on piglet growth in lactation and body composition at weaning. To evaluate the body composition of piglets, data from one experiment (44 Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc piglets) were used to develop prediction equations for body pools of fat, protein, ash, and water based on live weight and deuterium dilution space (exp. 1). Furthermore, a total of 294 piglets (Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) from 21 sows of second parity were included in a second experiment (exp. 2). In exp. 2, piglet live weight was recorded on days 3, 10, 17, and 25 of lactation. On the same days, the milk intake and body composition were measured, using the deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution technique. Piglet weight gain was highly positively correlated with the intake of milk and the intake of milk constituents each week and on an overall basis having r values ranging from 0.65 to 0.93 (P &lt; 0.001). When evaluating regressions for piglet growth, the milk intake in combination with the milk protein concentration explained 85% and 87% of the total variation in piglet gain in the second and third week of lactation, respectively, whereas milk intake was the only predictor of piglet gain in the first week of lactation explaining 81% of the variation. Fat, protein, and energy retention rates were all highly positively correlated with the daily intake of milk and intake of milk nutrients with r values ranging from 0.76 to 0.94 (P &lt; 0.001). Piglet gain and retention rates were rather weakly correlated with the milk composition with r values ranging from 0.01 to 0.50 (being either negative or positive). Curvilinear response curves were fitted for live weight gain and body fat content at weaning in response to milk protein concentration, showing that live weight gain was slightly greater and body fat content was slightly lower at 4.9% milk protein, but it should be emphasized that the quadratic effects did not reach significance. Body fat content at weaning was positively related with the intake of milk (R2 = 0.44, P &lt; 0.001) and milk fat (R2 = 0.46, P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, milk intake had a major impact on the piglet growth rate, and milk fat intake greatly influenced the body fat percentage at weaning, whereas milk composition per se only played a minor role for these traits.

Validation and calibration of DEXA body composition in mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. E454-E459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brommage
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Obesity In Mice ◽  
Measured Ratio ◽  
Tissue Contents ◽  
Selection Of

Validated methods of determining murine body composition are required for studies of obesity in mice. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a noninvasive approach to assess body fat and lean tissue contents. Similar to DEXA analyses in other species, body fat measurements in mice show acceptable precision but suffer from poor accuracy. Because fat and lean tissues each contain various components, these inaccuracies likely result from selection of inappropriate calibration standards. Analysis of solvents showed that the PIXImus2 DEXA gave results consistent with theoretical calculations. Male mice weighing 26-60 g and having body fat percentages ranging from 3 to 49% were analyzed by both PIXImus2 DEXA and chemical carcass analysis. DEXA overestimated mouse fat content by an average of 3.3 g, and algorithms were generated to calculate body fat from both measured body fat values and the measured ratio of high- to low-energy X-ray attenuations. With calibration to mouse body fat content measured by carcass analysis, the PIXImus2 DEXA gives accurate body composition values in mice.

Body fatness, insulin sensitivity and muscle oxygen supply in adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona E. ARROWSMITH ◽  
Julie WARD ◽  
Kieron ROONEY ◽  
Adamandia D. KRIKETOS ◽  
Louise A. BAUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Muscle blood flow can be reduced in insulin-resistant states. The present study examined the importance of body fatness and insulin sensitivity as variables that may be associated with muscle oxygen supply. We studied 38 adolescents (22 males, 16 females; age 15.3–18.6 years; body mass index 17.7–34.7kg/m2) and used near-IR spectroscopy to measure the muscle re-oxygenation rate after ischaemic finger flexion exercise. Total body fat content was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by homoeostasis model assessment. Regional lipid compartments were also assessed for potential associations with muscle oxygen supply. Abdominal adiposity (visceral and subcutaneous) was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and soleus intramyocellular lipid levels were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Total body fat content (r = 0.67, P<0.001), abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.78, P<0.001), abdominal visceral fat area (r = 0.54, P<0.001) and intramyocellular lipid levels (r = 0.68, P<0.001) were significantly related to forearm re-oxygenation half-time. After adjusting for insulin sensitivity, both total body fat content (r = 0.395, P = 0.02) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.543, P = 0.001) remained positively associated with relatively reduced muscle oxygen supply in adolescent subjects. After adjusting for body fat content, abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0. 511, P = 0.002) was significantly associated with muscle oxygen supply. Thus muscle oxygen supply is associated with body fat content, and certain fat compartments may be more influential than others.

scholarly journals Effects of Strength Training Combined with Specific Plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump height and lower limb strength development in elite male handball players: a case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Mourão ◽  
Eduardo Abade
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Body Fat Content

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of a strength training program combined with specific plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump (VJ) height and strength development of lower limbs in elite male handball players. A 12-week program with combined strength and specific plyometric exercises was carried out for 7 weeks. Twelve elite male handball players (age: 21.6 ± 1.73) competing in the Portuguese Major League participated in the study. Besides the anthropometric measurements, several standardized jump tests were applied to assess VJ performance together with the strength development of the lower limbs in an isokinetic setting. No significant changes were found in body circumferences and diameters. Body fat content and fat mass decreased by 16.4 and 15.7% respectively, while lean body mass increased by 2.1%. Despite small significance, there was in fact an increase in squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and 40 consecutive jumps after the training period (6.1, 3.8 and 6.8%, respectively). After the applied protocol, peak torque increased in lower limb extension and flexion in the majority of the movements assessed at 90°s-1. Consequently, it is possible to conclude that combining general strength-training with plyometric exercises can not only increase lower limb strength and improve VJ performance but also reduce body fat content.

Use of NMR for measurement of total body water and estimation of body fat

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 836-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Lewis ◽  
W. L. Rollwitz ◽  
H. A. Bertrand ◽  
E. J. Masoro
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Nmr Method ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Free Induction ◽  
Total Body

A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method is described for quantitatively measuring total body water (TBW) and for estimating the fat content of baboons. The hydrogen associated with water was measured as the amplitude of the free-induction decay voltage following a series of 90 degree radio frequency pulses at the Lamour frequency for hydrogen with a pulse length of 14 microseconds and a peak measuring time of 50 microseconds. TBW was calculated by multiplying the peak amplitude (volts) by the experimentally determined constant for a water standard (g water/V). This NMR method yielded TBW contents similar to those obtained in the same baboons by direct gravimetric procedures. In contrast, the widely used 3H2O-dilution method usually and variably overestimated body water. By providing an accurate measure of body water, this NMR procedure provides a rapid, noninvasive, reasonably accurate way of estimating body fat content.

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