Lipid content and energy expenditure in the spawning migration of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1902-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Crawford ◽  
R. Roland Cusack ◽  
Timothy R. Parlee
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Blueback Herring ◽  
Alosa Aestivalis ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Very High ◽  
Immature Fish

For the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) total lipid content was neither size nor sex specific. The lipid content of alewife and blueback herring from the LaHave River, Nova Scotia, was similar at 7.6 and 7.0%, respectively. However, in samples from the Margaree River there was a significant difference in lipid content between alewife and blueback herring (7.8% vs. 5.4%, respectively). The difference appeared to be a consequence of water temperature since late migrants of both species had a significantly lower lipid content. For alewife migration in the LaHave River, a distance of 31 km, lipid content declined by 22%, whereas in the Margaree River lipid loss was 18% over 32 km. Lipid content was also dependent on reproductive maturity, with lipid levels of 14.4, 8.7, and 5.4% in immature, prespawning, and spent alewife from site 1 on the Margaree River. Immature fish were characterized by a very high lipid content associated with the visceral organs. Protein utilization was not evident in the prespawning migration of alewife from the LaHave River. Based on lipid depletion the migration energetics of alewife in the two rivers were similar at 21.68 and 18.53 kJ∙kg−1∙km−1 in the LaHave and Margaree Rivers, respectively.

scholarly journals Identification of the molecular regulation of differences in lipid deposition in dedifferentiated preadipocytes from different chicken tissues

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Na Luo ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Huanxian Cui ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Ppar Signaling ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background A body distribution with high intramuscular fat and low abdominal fat is the ideal goal for broiler breeding. Preadipocytes with different origins have differences in terms of metabolism and gene expression. The transcriptome analysis performed in this study of intramuscular preadipocytes (DIMFPs) and adipose tissue-derived preadipocytes (DAFPs) aimed to explore the characteristics of lipid deposition in different chicken preadipocytes by dedifferentiation in vitro. Results Compared with DAFPs, the total lipid content in DIMFPs was reduced (P < 0.05). Moreover, 72 DEGs related to lipid metabolism were screened, which were involved in adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid transport and fatty acid synthesis, lipid stabilization, and lipolysis. Among the 72 DEGs, 19 DEGs were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, indicating its main contribution to the regulation of the difference in lipid deposition between DAFPs and DIMFPs. Among these 19 genes, the representative APOA1, ADIPOQ, FABP3, FABP4, FABP7, HMGCS2, LPL and RXRG genes were downregulated, but the ACSL1, FABP5, PCK2, PDPK1, PPARG, SCD, SCD5, and SLC27A6 genes were upregulated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the DIMFPs. In addition, the well-known pathways affecting lipid metabolism (MAPK, TGF-beta and calcium) and the pathways related to cell communication were enriched, which may also contribute to the regulation of lipid deposition. Finally, the regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs was proposed based on the above information. Conclusions Our data suggested a difference in lipid deposition between DIMFPs and DAFPs of chickens in vitro and proposed a molecular regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs. The lipid content was significantly increased in DAFPs by the direct mediation of PPAR signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of tissue-specific fat deposition and the optimization of body fat distribution in broilers.

scholarly journals Genetics and Hatchery Management: A Parentage-based Tagging Approach to Blueback Herring Conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather K. Evans ◽  
Kara B. Carlson ◽  
Russ Wisser ◽  
Morgan E. Raley ◽  
Katy M. Potoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Method ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Blueback Herring ◽  
River Herring ◽  
Alosa Aestivalis ◽  
Additional Challenge ◽  
Nextgeneration Sequencing

Abstract Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis populations throughout the East Coast have declined precipitously since the late 1980s and were listed as a Species of Concern in 2006 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Natural resource agencies are attempting to restore this species to viable and sustainable levels with fry stockings cultured in hatcheries. To evaluate the long-term contribution of stockings to populations, agencies need an accurate method to track these stocking efforts. Genetic parentage-based tagging is recognized as a feasible means of assessing hatchery contribution of stocked fish to rivers of interest. However, Blueback Herring lack a reliable set of genetic markers to conduct parentage-based tagging. To this end, we analyzed previously described microsatellites as well as new microsatellite markers identified through NextGeneration sequencing to create a suite of 14 Blueback Herring markers useful for parentage-based tagging. The markers were successful in parentage analysis for Blueback Herring collected from the Chowan River, North Carolina. An additional challenge in the management of Blueback Herring is the ability to phenotypically distinguish Blueback Herring from the closely related Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. Furthermore, recent studies provide evidence that these two species, collectively referred to as river herring, may be hybridizing with one another in some systems. Microsatellite marker AsaC334 can be utilized to discriminate between the two species, as well as to identify their F1 hybrids, thereby providing another genetic tool for hatchery management.

High lipid content enhances the rate of oxygen diffusion through fish skeletal muscle

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. R42-R47 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Desaulniers ◽  
T. S. Moerland ◽  
B. D. Sidell
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Conditions ◽  
Intracellular Movement ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Determinant

The diffusion coefficient for O2 (Do2) and the solubility constant for O2 (alpha O2) were measured at 15 degrees C in oxidative muscle from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) that had been acclimated to 5 degrees and 25 degrees C. This design allowed us to test the hypothesis that changes in composition of the tissue that are known to occur during thermal acclimation may affect O2 movement. Our measurements permitted calculation of the diffusion constant for O2 (Ko2) through the tissue, which is a primary determinant of capacity for O2 flux. Under isothermal conditions, alpha O2 was 3.59 +/- 0.20 x 10(-2) and 6.64 +/- 0.27 x 10(-2) ml O2.cm-3.atm-1 in tissues from 25 degrees- and 5 degrees C-acclimated animals, respectively. Because O2 is more soluble in lipid than aqueous phase, higher alpha O2 in tissues from cold-acclimated animals can be accounted for by the 13-fold increase in lipid content that is known to occur in oxidative muscle of striped bass during acclimation from 25 degrees to 5 degrees C. When measured under similar isothermal conditions, Do2 showed no significant difference between animals acclimated to warm or cold temperature; Do2 through tissues from 25 degrees- and 5 degrees C-acclimated animals was 2.50 +/- 0.18 and 2.57 +/- 0.40 cm2/s, respectively. Because alpha O2 increases, the calculated KO2 (DO2. alpha O2) is greater in tissue from cold- than from warm-acclimated fish. At physiological temperature, elevated lipid content in oxidative muscle of cold-acclimated striped bass should result in enhanced intracellular movement of O2 and at least partially offset the expected decrease in DO2 at cold temperature.

Evidence for temperature-dependent shifts in spawning times of anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Lombardo ◽  
Jeffrey A. Buckel ◽  
Ernie F. Hain ◽  
Emily H. Griffith ◽  
Holly White
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Blueback Herring ◽  
River Herring ◽  
Alosa Aestivalis ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

We analyzed four decades of presence–absence data from a fishery-independent survey to characterize the long-term phenology of river herring (alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus; and blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis) spawning migrations in their southern distribution. We used logistic generalized additive models to characterize the average ingress, peak, and egress timing of spawning. In the 2010s, alewife arrived to spawning habitat 16 days earlier and egressed 27 days earlier (peak 12 days earlier) relative to the 1970s. Blueback herring arrived 5 days earlier and egressed 23 days earlier (peak 13 days earlier) in the 2010s relative to the 1980s. The changes in ingress and egress timing have shortened the occurrence in spawning systems by 11 days for alewife over four decades and 18 days for blueback herring over three decades. We found that the rate of vernal warming was faster during 2001–2016 relative to 1973–1988 and is the most parsimonious explanation for changes in spawning phenology. The influence of a shortened spawning season on river herring population dynamics warrants further investigation.

Predation on copepods by an Alaskan cladorhizid sponge

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les Watling
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Very High ◽  
Prey Items ◽  
Scanning Electron

Deep water cladorhizids are now generally thought to be carnivorous. While the methods of prey capture have been established for species of Asbestopluma, and perhaps Chondrocladia, information is sparse for species of Cladorhiza. The external morphology of the deep-sea Alaskan species, Cladorhiza corona, was examined immediately after collection, and then again later using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All sponges examined had captured, and in most cases, fully encased, prey items which for the most part consisted of planktonic copepods. The hypothesis of this paper is that the primary process of prey capture is by means of a sticky substance and that prey stick to the sponge on contact. The abundant cladorhizid anisochelae do not seem to be arranged in a manner such that they can be used for prey capture as has been seen in Asbestopluma. Digestion of the prey occurs in a temporary cavity created by migrating sponge cells. Within this cavity lipid from the copepod is liberated, then absorbed and transported to the central part of the sponge. It is not known how much of the remaining tissue of the copepod is digested. Copepods have very high lipid content so their capture would provide the sponge with abundant energy from each prey item. The sponges seem to have their highest density in areas where bottom flow and migrating copepod numbers are both high.

Effects of aerosol on lightning in Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengguo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Plateau Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Microphysical Processes ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Very High

&lt;p&gt;The influence of aerosol on lightning is very dependent on environmental factors, including thermal factors, humidity factors, and terrain factors. ADTD cloud-to-ground lightning data, ERA5 reanalysis data, and MERRA2 reanalysis data were applied to discuss the influence of aerosol on lightning activity in Sichuan basin. Thermodynamic factors were the main reasons for the difference in lightning density between the plateau and the basin. The results showed that the influence of aerosol on lightning activity in the basin and the plateau regions showed a significant difference, showing a positive correlation on the plateau and a negative correlation on the basin. In the plateau area, the aerosol concentration was relatively low, and the aerosol stimulated the lightning activity by influencing the microphysical processes. In the basin area, the aerosol load was very high, and the aerosol showed a more significant radiation effect. By reducing the solar radiation reaching the ground, the convective energy on the ground was reduced, and the intensity of lightning activity was finally suppressed.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP UPJA (USAHA PELAYANAN JASA ALSINTAN) DI KECAMATAN TAWANGSARI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Listya Gustani Husnayati ◽  
Suwarto Suwarto ◽  
Hanifah Ihsaniyati
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
High Category ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survey Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The aim of this research is to know the peasants’ perception factors to UPJA, to analyze the peasants’ perception to UPJA, to analyze the correlation between the peasants’ perception maker with the peasants’ perception to UPJA, and to analyze the difference of the peasants’ perception to UPJA based on the farmers area and peasants’ position in the peasants’ group. The basic method used in this research was descriptive quantitative with survey technique. The location of the research was determined by the purposive that was in Tawangsari District Sukoharjo Regency, by taking 2 peasants’ group that was Ngudi Rejeki in Dalangan and Ngudi Makmur in Majasto Village. The sample was determined by multistage cluster random sampling technique, as many as 60 farmer’s respondents. The data analysis used was rank spearman  and  U  Mann-Whitney.  The  result  of  this  research  indicate  that  the perception form factor was the age of the farmers in the medium category, formal education in the high category, non-formal education in the low category, experience in the medium category, income in the very high category, wide land in the very broad categories and the economic environment in the medium category. The Peasants’ Perception to UPJA that was 61.67% farmer’s respondents had the good perception to UPJA.  There  was  a  significant  relation  between  non-formal  education  and  the economic environment with peasants’ perception to UPJA at 99% level of confidence, at 90% level there was a significant relation between the experience, income and land area with the peasants’ perception to UPJA, while the age and formal education there was no significant correlation with the farmers perception to UPJA. There was a significant difference perception to UPJA based on peasants’ area and peasants’ position in peasants’ group.

scholarly journals STUDI KOMPARATIF MOTIVASI BELAJAR BERDASARKAN TINGKAT PEREKONOMIAN KELUARGA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 PANGARIBUAN, KECAMATAN PANGARIBUAN, KAB. TAPUT TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2017/2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Ronny Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Very High ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study aimed to determine the difference of learning motivation based on the level of grade 7 students’ economy, at SMP 1 Pangaribuan, subdistrict of Pangaribuan, North Sumatra province. There were 68 students as the samples consisting of 38 students from economically well-off families and 30 students from economically destitute families. A questionaire was used to collect data from those participants. After conducting analysis, firstly, it was found that rcount rtable (0,05.30), which was 0.715 0.361. Meanwhile, the reliability of instrument were obtained r11 = 0.924 at a very high interpretation. Secondly, it can be concluded that the research hypothesis was accepted due to a significant difference in learning motivation based on the level of students’ social economy was discovered. The difference for learning motivation from students’ achievement of economically well- off families reached at 81.80%. Whereas, learning motivation for students’ achievement of economically destitute families reached 73.61 %.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan motivasi belajar berdasarkan tingkat perekonomian keluarga siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan, Kecamatan Pangaribuan, Kab. Taput Tahun Pembelajaran 2017/2018. Hipotesa penelitian Terdapat perbedaan  motivasi  belajar  yang signifikan berdasarkan tingkat perekonomian keluarga siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan, Kecamatan Pangaribuan, Kab. Taput Tahun Pembelajaran 2017/2018. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan, terkecuali siswa yang menerima bantuan operasional sekolah, berjumlah 156 orang (ekonomi mampu 89 orang dan ekonomi kurang mampu 67 orang). Sampel sebanyak 38 orang untuk kategori siswa keluarga mampu dan 30 orang untuk kategori siswa keluarga tidak mampu. Data dikumpulkan dengan angket tertutup sebanyak 30 item. Ujicoba diberikan kepada 30 siswa kelas VIII yang bukan responden penelitian. Dengan hasil  uji validitas intrumen sebanyak 30 item dengan rhitung rtabel (0,05.30) yaitu 0,715 0,361. Hasil uji reliabilitas instrumen diperoleh r11 = 0,924 berada pada interpretasi sangat tinggi, Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan hipotesa penelitian diterima yaitu Terdapat perbedaan motivasi belajar yang signifikan berdasarkan tingkat perekonomian keluarga siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan, Kecamatan Pangaribuan, Kab. Taput Tahun Pembelajaran 2017/2018. Perbedaan motivasi belajar siswa diketahui dari Pencapaian tingkat motivasi belajar dari siswa yang berasal dari keluarga ekonomi mampu mencapai 81,80%. Sedangkan pencapaian motivasi belajar siswa yang berasal dari keluarga ekonomi kurang mampu adalah 73,61%.Keywords: learning motivation; well-off families; destitute families; junior high school

scholarly journals Lipid content and fatty acids compositions in commercial cuts of young goat meat

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado ◽  
Ivana Silva Gomes ◽  
Cassiane da Silva Oliveira Nunes ◽  
Graciele de Queiroz Andrade ◽  
Tatiana Barreto Rocha Nery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Important Activity ◽  
Goat Farming

ABSTRACT: Brazil has the largest herd of goats of the American continent, with more than 9 million head. Goat farming is considered a growing and important activity for the economy, mainly in the northeastern region of Brazil .In this research, were determined the lipid content and the composition of fillet and shank fatty acids of young goats, registered in the inspection sector of the Ministry of Agriculture and marketed in the city of Salvador (Bahia). The average percentage of total lipids in the fillet was 1.68±0.04 and in the shank of 4.02±0.09, this is a significant difference between the cuts (P<0.05). Twenty-seven (27) fatty acids were identified in the cuts, most are palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1ω9) present in 21.32%, 20.39%, 34.49% in the fillet and 21.74%, 21.94%, 33.38% in the shank, respectively. The total sums of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged of 42.75 to 45.23% and 14.04 to 12.35% between fillet and shank cuts, respectively. The ratio of PUFA/SFA was 0.35 for fillet and 0.15 for shank, and the ratio ω6/ω3 was 3.07 for fillet and 2.27 for shank. Therefore, is a significant difference in total lipid content and fatty acid composition in commercial cuts of beef fillet and shank.

Proximate composition of soybean cultivars BRS 232, BRS 257 and BRS 258 grown in an organic system

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Hevelyse Munise Celestino dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo Alvares de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Flavia de Oliveira ◽  
Graciela Benites Acunha de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>The objective of this work was to evaluate the proximate composition of soybeans cultivars BRS 232 (commodities), BRS 257 and BRS 258 (both special cultivars for human consumption), all produced in an organic system. The grains were milled in a fine powder, and chemical analysis (protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and moisture) were carried out according to Institute Adolfo Lutz (2005) and the values expressed in dry basis. There was no significant difference (p&gt; 0.05) between ash and protein content for the cultivars analyzed. The BRS 232 cultivar showed lower lipid content compared to other cultivars. The carbohydrate content of all cultivars analyzed showed statistical difference between them (p &lt;0.05) with higher levels for BRS 232, followed by BRS 257 and BRS 258. The soybean cultivars BRS 232, BRS 257 and BRS 258 produced in the organic system showed high levels of proteins, characterizing these soybean cultivars as a good source of protein for human consumption. The special cultivars for human consumption BRS 257 and BRS 258 showed yet high lipid content, providing more energy, which can be an advantage for human consumption.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i2.26</p>

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