Occurrence of alimentary tract helminth parasites of pollock (Pollachius virens L.) on the Scotian Shelf

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1695-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Marine Parasites ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes ◽  
Support Evidence

Examination of the alimentary tracts of 456 pollock (Pollachius virens L.) revealed the presence of 15 helminth species or groups representing four phyla. Prevalence ranged from 76.6 in anisakid nematodes to negligible levels (<1.0) in some other species, with "ubiquitous" marine parasites Derogenes varicus, Hemiurus levinseni, anisakid nematodes, and Echinorhynchus gadi showing highest values. Changes in prevalence were related to a change from a largely crustacean diet to a largely fish diet with increasing fish length. Differences in prevalence of the more common parasites between the central and southwestern Scotian Shelf support evidence for separate pollock populations in the two areas.

Helminth parasites of the alimentary tract of the hakes (Merluccius, Urophycis, Phycis: Teleostei) of the Scotian Shelf

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis ◽  
Separate Population

Alimentary tracts of the five common hakes of the Scotian shelf (Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis, Phycis chesteri, Merluccius bilinearis, Merluccius albida) were examined for helminth parasites. A total of 29 species was found: 17 Digenea, 4 Cestoda, 6 Nematoda, 2 Acanthocephala. The greatest numbers of species were found in the closely associated U. tenuis (25) and U. chuss (19). Phycis chesteri hosted a moderate number (14) but included 3 digeneans that are typical of deep water (Anomalotrema koiae, Lethadena profunda, Paraccacladium jamiesoni) not found in the other hakes. The merlucciids were characterized by low numbers of parasite species, particularly of digeneans, but showed high prevalence of the host-specific cestode Clestobothrium crassiceps. The effects of geographic distribution, fish length, and depth of capture on parasite prevalence were examined for those parasites that were adequately represented. There was little difference in geographical distribution except in the case of C. crassiceps, in which distribution suggested a separate population of M. bilinearis on the Scotian Shelf from that of the Gulf of Maine. Fish length and depth of capture had little effect on parasite prevalence.

Incidence of Trematode Parasites of American Plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) of the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of St. Lawrence in Relation to Fish Length and Food

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides ◽  
Trematode Parasites

The following digenetic trematodes were found in the alimentary tract of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) from the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of St. Lawrence: Derogenes varicus, Fellodistomum furcigerum, Lecithaster gibbosus, Stenakron vetustum, Steringotrema ovacutum, Zoogonoides viviparus, Hemiurus levinseni, Otodistomum veliporum (larvae), Podocotyle atomon, Prosorhyncus squamatus.The incidence of several trematode species changed with length of fish and associated changes in the fish’s diet. Incidence of D. varicus and S. vetustum decreased with increase of host length, whereas incidence of R. ovacutum and Z. viviparus increased. Lecithaster gibbosus and S. furciger showed little change in incidence. Correlations between parasite incidence and frequency of occurrence of food items indicated that small crustaceans may be intermediate hosts for S. vetustum and D. varicus; sea urchins may be intermediate hosts for R. ovacutum and brittle stars for Z. viviparus.

Helminth parasites of the alimentary tract of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) and Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum)) on the Scotian Shelf

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1476-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Scott ◽  
Shelley A. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Atlantic Halibut ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Greenland Halibut ◽  
Hippoglossus Hippoglossus ◽  
Greenland Halibut Reinhardtius Hippoglossoides ◽  
Reinhardtius Hippoglossoides

Examination of the alimentary tracts of 272 Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.)) and 71 Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum)) from the Scotian Shelf yielded a total of 25 helminth parasite species, 23 from H. hippoglossus (16 Digenea, 3 Cestoda, 2 Acanthocephala, 2 Nematoda) and 16 from R. hippoglossoides (11 Digenea, 3 Cestoda, 1 Acanthocephala, 1 Nematoda). Parasite prevalence and intensity were low (< 50% and < 10%, respectively) in both hosts, except for Derogenes varicus and Steganoderma formosum in H. hippoglossus and anisakid nematodes in R. hippoglossoides. Consideration of change in parasite prevalence and mean intensity in relation to fish length and diet suggests fish prey as transport hosts for D. varicus in larger halibuts, and crustaceans as the intermediate hosts for S. formosum before transmission to its principal host, H. hippoglossus. Geographical change in parasite prevalence and intensity was in the form of southwest to northeast clines along the Shelf, probably related to environmental factors. There was no evidence for stock differentiation in either of the hosts based on parasite fauna.

Intra- and interspecific density-dependent effects on growth in helminth parasites of the cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. DEZFULI ◽  
S. VOLPONI ◽  
I. BELTRAMI ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo Sinensis ◽  
Contracaecum Rudolphii

The action of intra- and interspecific competition, mediated by density-dependent effects on growth, was investigated among the 3 helminth species found in the alimentary tract of 104 cormorants, Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. Intraspecific density-dependent effects on worm sizes were observed in the abundant nematode Contracaecum rudolphii, as shown by a negative correlation between mean worm size and intensity of infection. Higher intensities of infection by C. rudolphii were also associated with more variable worm sizes in the nematode Syncuaria squamata, suggesting a one-sided and density-dependent interspecific effect. There was also clear evidence of some form of negative interaction between the nematode S. squamata and the acanthocephalan Southwellina hispida from two fronts. First, there was a strong negative correlation between the intensities of infection of the 2 species across hosts. Second, sizes of worms of 1 species became more variable as the number of worms of the other species per host increased, and vice versa. This interspecific density-dependent effect on growth was thus apparently symmetrical. We also found evidence that worm size is a predictor of egg output in the 3 helminth species, indicating that intra- and interspecific density-dependent effects on growth can affect population dynamics in these worms. These results illustrate the complex nature of density dependence in helminth growth, and how its effects can act both within and among species.

Helminth parasites of the Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 from Canary Islands, Central North Atlantic, with comments on their relations with other Atlantic regions

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graça Costa ◽  
Serena Cavallero ◽  
Stefano D’Amelio ◽  
Lia Paggi ◽  
Maria Santamaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Chub Mackerel ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Scomber Colias ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes

AbstractEleven parasite taxa were found infecting 68 Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 from the Canary Islands, Central North Atlantic. The most abundant parasites were the gill monogenean Pseudokuhnia minor (P = 54.4%), larval anisakid nematodes (P = 11.8%) in the body cavity, a larval tetraphyllidean infecting bile ducts (P = 8.8%) and didymozoid digeneans infecting the gills (P = 7.4%). No correlation between fish length and abundance of infection with these parasites was found. Within the Atlantic, the comparison of present results with previous reports on the occurrence of parasites in this fish host, might suggest that there is more than one population unit of Atlantic chub mackerel in the Eastern Atlantic.

Helminth parasites of redfish (Sebastes fasciatus) from the Scotian Shelf, Bay of Fundy, and eastern Gulf of Maine

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Total Species

Examination of alimentary tracts of 319 redfish (Sebastes fasciatus) from the Scotian Shelf, Bay of Fundy, and eastern Gulf of Maine yielded 13 helminth species: 7 Digenea, 3 Cestoda, 2 Nematoda, and 1 Acanthocephala. Total species composition was virtually identical with that found in the redfish of the Labrador–Newfoundland area. Prevalence and intensity of infection were low and showed little variation with area or fish length except in the case of the nematodes Anisakidae for which low prevalence and intensity (3.9 and 1.0, respectively) in the eastern Gulf of Maine contrasted with higher values (39.1–71.4 and 1.7–7.7, respectively) in the remainder of the survey area. The general pattern of species numbers was low numbers (2–4) in the fish of the Gulf of Maine and southwest Nova Scotia, and higher numbers (8–13) in those of the central and northeast Scotian Shelf. Small- to intermediate-sized fish contained more species (7–12) than the largest fish (4). The combination of exceptionally low prevalence of Anisakidae and low parasite species numbers in redfish of the eastern Gulf of Maine area suggests that the stock there is distinct from those of the Scotian Shelf and Bay of Fundy.

Nematodes and cestodes of rodents in South Africa: baseline data on diversity and geographic distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spickett ◽  
K. Junker ◽  
G. Froeschke ◽  
V. Haukisalmi ◽  
S. Matthee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract Currently, descriptive information on the host range and geographic distribution of helminth parasites associated with naturally occurring rodents in South and southern Africa is scant. Therefore, we embarked on a countrywide study to: (1) identify gastrointestinal helminths and their host range, and (2) provide baseline data on the geographic distribution of helminths across the country. Altogether, 55 helminth taxa were recovered from at least 13 rodent species (n = 1030) at 26 localities across South Africa. The helminth taxa represented 25 genera (15 nematodes, nine cestodes and one acanthocephalan). Monoxenous nematodes were the most abundant and prevalent group, while the occurrence of heteroxenous nematodes and cestodes was generally lower. The study recorded several novel helminth–host associations. Single-host-species infections were common, although multiple-host-species infections by helminth species were also recorded. Monoxenous nematodes and some cestodes were recovered countrywide, whereas heteroxenous nematodes were restricted to the eastern regions of South Africa. The study highlights the as yet unexplored diversity of helminth species associated with naturally occurring rodent species and provides initial data on their geographical distribution in South Africa.

Checklist of helminth parasites of cetaceans from Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2548 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ L. LUQUE ◽  
LUÍS C. MUNIZ-PEREIRA ◽  
SALVATORE SICILIANO ◽  
LIEGE R. SIQUEIRA ◽  
MAGDA S. OLIVEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Helminthological Collection ◽  
Unpublished Information

Based on published records and unpublished information retrieved from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC), a checklist of the helminth parasites of cetaceans from Brazil was generated. A total of 215 records of 18 species of helminths were associated with 22 species of cetaceans in Brazil. Six species determined only to genus were also included. The majority of these helminth species are nematodes (33.3%) and trematodes (33.3%), which total 66.6% of the helminth fauna of cetaceans from Brazil. The Acanthocephala represents 22.2% of species, and the Cestoda 11.1%.

Digenean parasite communities in flatfishes of the Scotian Shelf and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2804-2811 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Yellowtail Flounder ◽  
Limanda Ferruginea

Prevalence of digenean parasites in four major flatfishes of the Scotian Shelf and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), is compared between hosts in relation to geographic distribution, season, feeding behavior, and fish length. The 13 parasite species indicate overlap of feeding habits among hosts but also considerable diversity in feeding behavior, supporting the evidence from examination of stomach contents. Prevalence of digeneans in different final hosts varied between geographic areas and may be used to characterize the populations of the comparatively sedentary flatfish populations. Seasonal variation in prevalence was consistent from area to area but differed between parasites, from the expected increase in summer in some, concomitant with increased feeding, to a winter increase in others, probably related to a seasonal change of diet. Fish length had little effect on parasite prevalence in yellowtail flounder and witch flounder but had a notable effect on plaice and winter flounder from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, again apparently related to change of diet.

Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2123 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS C. MUNIZ-PEREIRA ◽  
FABIANO M. VIEIRA ◽  
JOSÉ L. LUQUE
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Helminthological Collection ◽  
New Host ◽  
Unpublished Information ◽  
New Host Records

Using available records, unpublished information retrieved from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC) and published reports, a checklist of the recorded helminth parasites of endangered vertebrates from Brazil was generated. A total of 772 records and 186 helminth species (6 Acanthocephala, 83 Nematoda, 23 Cestoda, 64 Trematoda, 10 Monogenea) in 76 host species (7 Actinopterygii, 8 Chondrichthyes, 1 Amphibia, 10 Reptilia, 22 Aves, 28 Mammalia) from Brazil were listed in the present work, including 39 undetermined helminth species and 10 new host records. This is the first compilation of the helminth parasites of threatened vertebrates in Brazil and in the Neotropics.

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