The diet of Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia) in west Hudson Strait and northeast Hudson Bay

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1148-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Gaston ◽  
D. G. Noble

We collected feeding adult Thick-billed Murres at several different localities within the foraging range of the colonies at Digges Sound through the breeding seasons in 1980, 1981, and 1982. Examination of prey remains from the stomach and foregut showed that the majority of birds contained prey covering a range of sizes from 0.01 to 47 g wet weight at ingestion. The total energy equivalent of prey found in the majority of stomachs was less than 10% of the birds' probable daily requirements. Comparison of species diversity of prey with that recorded for Thick-billed Murres in the high Arctic suggested that a greater range of prey is available in the low Arctic waters of Hudson Strait. We found little indication of consistent variation in pery occurrence among different feeding areas or within seasons. However, significant variation in diet occurred among years. Problems inherent in the method and the extent of variation among individual birds from the same sample make it difficult to make valid generalizations about the importance of different prey taxa in the diet of the murres.

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knud Falk ◽  
Jan Durinck

The diet of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) wintering in coastal western Greenland was studied by analyzing the stomach contents of 202 birds supplied by local hunters in four regions, from October 1988 to March 1989. Fish and crustaceans were present in 68 and 71% (frequency of occurrence), respectively, of all stomachs containing prey remains (n = 195). Fish made up 81% wet weight, and crustaceans most of the remaining 19%, except for < 1% squid (Gonatus sp.) and polychaetes (Nereis sp.). Capelin (Mallotus villosus) was the dominant prey species (61% wet weight), followed by Thysanoessa spp. (17%), Parathemisto spp. (1%), and Meganyctiphanes norvegica (1%). Euphausiids were the most abundant crustaceans (95% wet weight of all crustaceans), except in October, when hyperid amphipods were dominant (89%). Crustaceans were important in the murres' diet only in the northern part of the survey area; birds in the southern part preyed almost exclusively upon capelin. Most birds were in good body condition (based on the amount of body fat), but murres from the southern area had a slightly higher mean fat index than those from the northern area (7.19 vs. 5.35). We suggest that differences in body condition may be related to the higher proportion of fish, which is of higher caloric value, in the diet of murres in the southern area.


The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Hipfner ◽  
Anthony J. Gaston ◽  
H. Grant Gilchrist

Abstract We used data collected across 28 years (1975–2002) to compare how timing of laying and egg size respond to environmental variability in two low-arctic and two high-arctic Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia) populations. Ice conditions strongly affect food availability to marine birds in the Arctic, and the percentage of the sea's surface covered by ice within 300 km of the breeding colony varied more among years near the start of laying at our high-arctic study colonies (Prince Leopold and Coburg Islands, Nunavut, Canada) than at our low-arctic study colonies (Coats and Digges Islands, Nunavut). However, mean values differed little. These results indicate that Thick-billed Murres breeding in the High Arctic experience more variable ice conditions, but not necessarily more severe ice conditions, during the period of egg formation. In response, both median laying date and mean egg size varied more among years at high-arctic than at low-arctic colonies. Several lines of evidence suggested that the variation was a result of within-female effects, i.e., phenotypic plasticity rather than different individuals breeding in years in which environmental conditions differed. Previous studies have shown that Thick-billed Murres lay eggs later in years of heavier ice coverage, especially in the High Arctic where ice conditions can be severe, and only in the High Arctic was later laying associated with reduced egg size. The relationship tended towards a negative asymptote suggesting that each female may have her own minimum egg size. Our results show that Thick-billed Murres that inhabit a more variable environment display greater variability in life-history traits. More generally, they offer insight into mechanisms linking environmental heterogeneity to phenotypic variation in life-history traits. Variación en el Tamaño del Huevo y la Fecha de Puesta en Poblaciones Reproductivas de Uria lomvia en el Ártico Bajo y el Ártico Alto Resumen. Empleamos datos colectados a lo largo de 28 años (1975–2002) para determinar cómo el ajuste temporal de la puesta y del tamaño del huevo responde a la variabilidad ambiental en dos poblaciones del Ártico bajo y dos poblaciones del Ártico alto de Uria lomvia. Las condiciones del hielo afectaron fuertemente la disponibilidad de alimentos para las aves marinas en el Ártico. El porcentaje de la superficie del mar cubierta por hielo a menos de 300 km de la colonia reproductiva varió más entre años cerca del inicio de la puesta en nuestras colonias de estudio del Ártico alto (Islas Prince Leopold y Coburg, Nunavut, Canadá) que en nuestras colonias de estudio del Ártico bajo (Islas Coats and Digges, Nunavut). Sin embargo, los valores medios difirieron poco. Estos resultados indican que los individuos de Uria lomvia que crían en el Ártico alto experimentan condiciones de hielo más variables, pero no necesariamente más severas, durante el período de la formación del huevo. Como respuesta, tanto la fecha mediana de puesta y la media del tamaño del huevo variaron más entre años en las colonias del Ártico alto que en las del Ártico bajo. Varias líneas de evidencia sugirieron que esta variación fue el resultado de variaciones propias de las hembras (i.e., plasticidad fenotípica) y no de variación entre individuos diferentes que criaron en años en los cuales las condiciones ambientales difirieron. Estudios previos han mostrado que Uria lomvia realiza su puesta más tarde en los años de mucha cobertura de hielo, especialmente en el Ártico alto, donde las condiciones de hielo pueden ser severas, y sólo en el Ártico alto la demora de la puesta se asoció con una reducción del tamaño del huevo. La relación tendió hacia una asíntota negativa, sugiriendo que cada hembra podría tener su propio tamaño mínimo del huevo. Nuestros resultados muestran que los individuos de Uria lomvia que habitan un ambiente más variable muestran mayor variabilidad en los rasgos de historia de vida. De modo más general, nuestros resultados ofrecen información sobre los mecanismos que vinculan la heterogeneidad ambiental con la variación fenotípica en los rasgos de historia de vida.


Ocean Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. G. Nurser ◽  
S. Bacon

Abstract. The first (and second) baroclinic deformation (or Rossby) radii are presented north of ~60° N, focusing on deep basins and shelf seas in the high Arctic Ocean, the Nordic seas, Baffin Bay, Hudson Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, derived from climatological ocean data. In the high Arctic Ocean, the first Rossby radius increases from ~5 km in the Nansen Basin to ~15 km in the central Canadian Basin. In the shelf seas and elsewhere, values are low (1–7 km), reflecting weak density stratification, shallow water, or both. Seasonality strongly impacts the Rossby radius only in shallow seas, where winter homogenization of the water column can reduce it to below 1 km. Greater detail is seen in the output from an ice–ocean general circulation model, of higher resolution than the climatology. To assess the impact of secular variability, 10 years (2003–2012) of hydrographic stations along 150° W in the Beaufort Gyre are also analysed. The first-mode Rossby radius increases over this period by ~20%. Finally, we review the observed scales of Arctic Ocean eddies.


1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Booth ◽  
Paul Barrett

Phylctochytrium arcticum Barr and Rhizophlyctis harderi Uebelmesser are reported as additional taxa in soils of Truelove Lowland (Devon Island, N.W.T.) and Nowakowskiella spp., Olpidium pendulum Zopf, Pythium irregularae Buisman. Pythium spp., Phlyctochytrium arcticum, and Rhizophydium sphaerotheca Zopf are readily detectable as active organisms in Lowland microhabitats. Species diversity is greatest in mesic and warm soils and species composition of water-logged soils is different than dry soils. Soil acidity effects on distribution are discussed and autecological considerations of Nowakowskiella elegans and R. sphaerotheca with respect to pH, percentage N, C, and P, milliequivalents Ca2+ and Mg2+, moisture, and temperature are presented.


1978 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
S Funder

The Holocene stratigraphy in Scoresby Sund is based on climatic change as reflected by fluctuations in fjord and valley glaciers, immigration and extinction of marine molluscs, and the vegetation history recorded in pollen diagrams from five lakes. The histories are dated by C-14, and indirectly by emergence curves showing the patterns of isostatic uplift. From c. 10100-10400 to 9400 yr BP the major fjord glaciers showed oscillatory retreat with abundant moraine formation, the period of the Milne Land Moraines. The vegetation in the ice-free areas was a sparse type of fell field vegetation but with thermophilous elements indicating temperatures similar to the present. From 9400 yr BP the fjord glaciers retreated rapidly in the narrow fjords, the few moraines formed are referred to the Rødefjord stages and indicate topographically conditioned stillstands. At 8000 yr BP the low arctic Betula nana immigrated into the area, and in the period until 5000 yr BP dense dwarf shrub heath grew in areas where it is now absent. In the fjords the subarctic Mytilus edulis and Pecten islandica lived, suggesting a climate warmer than the present. From c. 5000 yr BP the dense dwarf shrub heath began to disappear in the coastal areas, and a 'poor' heath dominated by the high arctic Salix Arctica and Cassiope tetragona expanded. These two species, which are now extremely common, apparently did not grow in the area until c. 6000 yr BP. In lakes in the coastal area minerogenic sedimentation at c. 2800 yr BP, reflecting the general climatic deterioration.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Bianchini ◽  
Mark L. Mallory ◽  
Birgit Braune ◽  
Derek C.G. Muir ◽  
Jennifer F. Provencher

Contaminant levels and trends have been monitored in eggs of seabirds from the Canadian Arctic since 1975. Nearly 50 years of monitoring have provided key information regarding the temporal and spatial variation of various contaminant classes in different seabird species. However, previous work has primarily assessed individual or related contaminant classes in isolation. There is therefore a need to collectively consider all of the contaminants monitored in seabird eggs to determine where monitoring has been successful, to find areas for improvement, and to identify opportunities for future research. In this review, we evaluated monitoring data for the major legacy and emerging contaminants of concern in five seabird species from three High Arctic and three Low Arctic colonies in Canada. We review the history of Canada’s Arctic seabird egg monitoring program and discuss how monitoring efforts have changed over time; we summarize temporal, spatial, and interspecies variations in Arctic seabird egg contamination and identify important knowledge gaps; and we discuss future directions for ecotoxicology research using seabird eggs in Arctic Canada. Ultimately, this paper provides a high-level overview of the egg contaminant monitoring program and underscores the importance of long-term and continued seabird contaminant monitoring in Arctic Canada.


1976 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 15-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert McGhee

Most of our knowledge regarding the Paleoeskimos of Arctic Canada is derived from the “core area” of Paleoeskimo occupation, a rough circle of some 1,000 km diameter including the coasts of Fury and Hecla Strait, Hudson Bay, and Hudson Strait. This is the area in which Dorset culture was first recognized, the source of most of our larger collections, and the area where continuity of development throughout the Paleoeskimo sequence has been demonstrated (Meldgaard 1962; Taylor 1968a; Maxwell 1973). The number and size of archaeological collections from this area suggest that it supported a larger Paleoeskimo population than did other regions of Arctic Canada, while the temporal distribution of components and continuities of style suggests that the region was occupied continuously throughout the Paleoeskimo period.In the fringe areas surrounding this central core, continuous occupation has not yet been demonstrated through any major segment of the Paleoeskimo sequence. Work in these fringe areas has rapidly progressed during the past decade, and it now seems certain that most of the temporal gaps and cultural discontinuities are not the result of poor archaeological sampling but reflect a situation of sporadic occupation occurring at different times in different regions. One of the striking features of the Paleoeskimo population was its propensity for expanding and retracting its geographical range, and this is the phenomenon which this paper will attempt to document. The primary aim of the paper is to sort out who lived where and when; a secondary aim is to suggest how they may have got there and what happened to them.


Ibis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
KNUD FALK ◽  
SILVANO BENVENUTI ◽  
LUIGI DALL'ANTONIA ◽  
KAJ KAMPP ◽  
ALBERTO RIBOLINI

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