Utilization of dry matter and elements by larvae of the sawflies Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) and Diprion similis (Hartig) feeding on Scots pine needles

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Slansky Jr. ◽  
W. H. Fogal
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Diprion Similis ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Phosphorus Intake ◽  
Scots Pine Needles

Consumption and proportions of dry matter and various elements utilized by late-instar larvae of Diprion similis (Hartig) and Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) feeding on previous years' needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were determined gravimetrically and by means of cellulose as an indigestible marker substance. The only discrepancy between the two methods was for phosphorus intake by N. sertifer females. Female larvae of D. similis utilized larger proportions of dry matter, nitrogen, and potassium and less phosphorous than female larvae of N. sertifer; both species utilized similar proportions of calcium and magnesium. Combined male–female groups of N. sertifer larvae utilized larger proportions of dry matter, potassium, and magnesium compared with female larvae. The proportions utilized were ranked as follows: nitrogen (50–59%), phosphorous (22–39%), magnesium (15–29%), calcium (9–15%), and potassium (6–17%). Nonpositive sodium budgets precluded calculation of utilization of this element. The proportions of dry matter utilized by these sawflies are similar to those for 10 species of foliage-consuming Hymenoptera and fall toward the lower end of the range of values for phytophagous insects. Nitrogen utilization figures for these sawflies fall within the range of values reported for insects that consume tree foliage.

scholarly journals Analysis of the parameters of the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of forest-forming species in the steppe zone of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sytnyk ◽  
V. M. Lovynska ◽  
Y. I. Gritsan ◽  
K. P. Maslikova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Range Of Values

The purpose this research is to study the parameters of leaf (needle) share in the trees’ greenery fraction and the content of absolutely dry matter in fresh leaves of black locust and Scots pine. The leaf (needle) share in the trees greenery fraction and the content of absolutely dry matter were determined by their quantitative measures (weight and volume). The results of the research reveal that the leaf share in the structure of a tree’s greenery fraction has a broad range of values: 43.0–72.8% for black locust and 49.1–75.4% for Scots pine. The minimum value of this parameter was recorded for an overmature Robinia specimen of 41 years of age, while the maximum was for a 3-year-old tree. For pine trees the lowest values of the given parameter were registered for the spcimens aged 38, 49 and 84, the maximum – for 30–31-year-old trees. For both investigated species it should be noted that there is a consistent pattern indicated by the following trend line: with the increase of tree age, height and trunk diameter, there is a decrease of leaf share value in the trees’ greenery fraction. Such characteristic parameter as absolutely dry mass has a sufficient range of values from 0.321 to 0.524, with the extreme values for the trees belonging to the young stock group in the case of the black locust. The absolutely dry matter content in Scots pine needles showed a significant variability of values from 0.426 to 0.620. The trend line shows a tendency of increase in the value of absolutely dry matter mass in the leaves of both investigated species with the increase in the values of the tree taxation parameters. There is no statistically proven dependency of the parameter indicating leaf share in the trees greenery fraction on the age, trunk diameter and height of trees. The most important biometric indicator, which shows a moderate relationship with the greenery fraction of a tree is the average diameter of the trunk of model trees of the two studied species. This is confirmed by values of correlation coefficients. The indicator of greenery fraction is inversely dependent on the height, trunk diameter and tree age, i.e. the increase in the values of these parameters leads to the decrease in the share of the photosynthetic active component of  trees of the studied tree species in the steppe zone. The value of leaf (needle) share in trees’ greenery fraction decreases with the increasing age, height and diameter values, which is quite natural. Correlation indices of absolutely dry matter according to age, height and diameter of sample trees have negative values, while the index of leaf (needle) share of trees’ greenery fraction has a direct correlation with all the studied influence factors. 

Digestible cell wall and undigested cellular contents of two grasses of low net energy value for growing cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Moir
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Net Energy Value ◽  
Range Of Values

SUMMARYIn two grasses of low net energy value for growth and fattening of cattle, digestible cell-wall values were close to 40% of forage organic matter (OM), similar to the expected value for grass. A value of 14% of forage OM for apparently undigested cellular contents in both grasses was just outside the range of values for grass. The data supported previous evidence that total cell wall is the only value that can be used at present to define grass in terms of its digestible dry matter.

Different responses of two carbon-based defences in Scots pine needles to nitrogen fertilization

Ecoscience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Björkman ◽  
Maarit Kytö ◽  
Stig Larsson ◽  
Pekka Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Scots Pine Needles ◽  
Carbon Based

scholarly journals Heavy metal concentrations in males and females of three pine diprionids (Hymenoptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Heliövaara ◽  
Rauno Väisänen ◽  
Eero Kemppi ◽  
Martin Lodenius
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Diprion Pini ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Unpolluted Site ◽  
Males And Females

Heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Fe, Ni, Cd) in the cocoons of three gregarious pine diprionids, Gilpinia socia, Diprion pini and Neodiprion sertifer, were compared between the species and sexes. The sawflies were reared in the laboratory in colonies from the first instar larvae, being fed on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestis) needles collected from a heavily polluted or a relatively unpolluted site. The levels of copper, iron and nickel were two to three times as high in N. sertifer as in the two other species. Cadmium showed bioaccumulation in all three species. In N. sertifur and G. socia reared on polluted needles, the metal concentrations were higher in males than in females.

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