Utilization of dry matter and bioelements in larvae of Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr. (Hym., Diprionidae) feeding on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Oecologia ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Larsson ◽  
Olle Tenow
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer

Utilization of dry matter and elements by larvae of the sawflies Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) and Diprion similis (Hartig) feeding on Scots pine needles

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Slansky Jr. ◽  
W. H. Fogal
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Diprion Similis ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Phosphorus Intake ◽  
Scots Pine Needles

Consumption and proportions of dry matter and various elements utilized by late-instar larvae of Diprion similis (Hartig) and Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) feeding on previous years' needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were determined gravimetrically and by means of cellulose as an indigestible marker substance. The only discrepancy between the two methods was for phosphorus intake by N. sertifer females. Female larvae of D. similis utilized larger proportions of dry matter, nitrogen, and potassium and less phosphorous than female larvae of N. sertifer; both species utilized similar proportions of calcium and magnesium. Combined male–female groups of N. sertifer larvae utilized larger proportions of dry matter, potassium, and magnesium compared with female larvae. The proportions utilized were ranked as follows: nitrogen (50–59%), phosphorous (22–39%), magnesium (15–29%), calcium (9–15%), and potassium (6–17%). Nonpositive sodium budgets precluded calculation of utilization of this element. The proportions of dry matter utilized by these sawflies are similar to those for 10 species of foliage-consuming Hymenoptera and fall toward the lower end of the range of values for phytophagous insects. Nitrogen utilization figures for these sawflies fall within the range of values reported for insects that consume tree foliage.

scholarly journals Extracts of pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) inhibit Cryptosporidium parvum growth in cell culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Marie Blomstrand ◽  
Heidi Larsen Enemark ◽  
Øivind Øines ◽  
Håvard Steinshamn ◽  
Inga Marie Aasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe widespread apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is responsible for severe gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. The treatment options are limited, and the efficacy of available drugs is low. Bark contains condensed tannins (CT), which are bioactive compounds previously shown to inhibit parasite development. Here, we examined the anti-cryptosporidial properties of bark extract of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) against C. parvum by means of an in vitro growth inhibition test. We hypothesised that bark extracts would have dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the development of C. parvum in cell culture.Bark extracts from Scots pine extracted with acetone, methanol, and water as solvents were investigated using human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells infected with C. parvum. Oocysts were inoculated onto the cell monolayer and bark extract was added at seven different concentrations. Parasite growth inhibition was quantified by qPCR.The acetone and methanol extracts demonstrated a sigmoid dose-dependent inhibition of C. parvum. The IC50 values were 244.6 and 279.1 µg dry matter extract/mL, and 25.4 and 24.1 µg CT/mL, for acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. The IC50 for both extracts were similar, both with regard to the dry matter concentration of each extract and to CT concentrations.Given the limited treatment options available for Cryptosporidium spp., the evidence generated in our study encourages further investigation into the in vitro and in vivo effects of pine bark extracts against C. parvum.

scholarly journals Effect of Prunus serotina Ehrh. Volatile Compounds on Germination and Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Halarewicz ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Paulina Bączek
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

In temperate European forests invaded by Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry), a reduction in the spontaneous regeneration capacity of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) is observed. It could be caused by various factors, including allelopathic properties of this invasive plant. In this study the phytotoxic effect of P. serotina volatile compounds on P. sylvestris and the seasonal variation in this effect were assessed. Simple assays showed that volatiles emitted from P. serotina leaves significantly inhibited root growth of P. sylvestris seedlings. Their negative effect on stem growth was much weaker. The strongest phytotoxic effect on Scots pine seedlings was caused by the volatiles emitted from the youngest black cherry leaves. In fresh foliage of P. serotina, nineteen volatile organic compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The dominant compound was benzaldehyde. On the basis of tests of linalool alone, it was found that this monoterpene present in the volatile fraction has a strong allelopathic potential and inhibits germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of pine seedlings. The results of our research suggest that volatile compounds from P. serotina leaves could limited survival of P. sylvestris individuals in the seedling phase.

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