Corpus cardiacum stimulated trehalose efflux from cockroach (Periplaneta americana) fat body: control by calcium

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Steele ◽  
T. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cockroach fat body incubated in a simple physiological saline solution releases trehalose to the surrounding medium. The output of trehalose occurs in the absence of ambient Ca2+ and decreases slowly with time. In two separate experiments, 0.1 mM CaCl2 added to the saline increased the output of trehalose on average by 70% but higher concentrations of Ca2+ did not further increase the efflux of trehalose. Stimulation of trehalose efflux by corpus cardiacum extract is absolutely dependent on extracellular Ca2+, no increase occurring beyond the basal level in the absence of the ion. The activity of corpus cardiacum extract increases as the concentration of CaCl2 is increased to 0.5 mM. This concentration of Ca2+ in the saline permits the extract to increase trehalose efflux by as much as 60% above the basal level. Corpus cardiacum extract, as well as the hypertrehalocaemic agents cyclic AMP and theophylline, increase significantly the influx of Ca2+ into fat body in vitro. The basal efflux of trehalose from fat body and that stimulated by corpus cardiacum extract is not dependent on extracellular Mg2+.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus gasseri: effects on mouse intestinal flora enzyme activity and isoflavonoids in the caecum and plasma

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoi Tamura ◽  
Mayumi Ohnishi-Kameyama ◽  
Kazuki Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Lactobacillus Gasseri ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Old Mice

The effects of Lactobacillus gasseri JCM 1131T on isoflavonoid levels within the caecum and plasma were assessed in adult mice. Male 5-week-old mice were fed an AIN 93M diet for 30 d. Two groups of mice were administered either L. gasseri JCM 1131T (the LGI group) or physiological saline solution (the control (CI) group) daily for 5 d before dissection. The plasma daidzein concentration was significantly higher in the LGI group, however, their plasma equol concentration was significantly less than in the CI group. The total amount of equol present as aglycone in the caecum was significantly greater in the CI group, but there was no significant difference in the total daidzein present as caecal aglycone. In an in vitro incubation of daidzin with the faecal flora of mice, the equol concentration was significantly higher in the CI group. The numbers of lactobacilli present were significantly higher in the LGI group. The present data suggest that the administration of L. gasseri is likely to influence the effect of isoflavonoids on the host via changes in the gastrointestinal environment.

Antidiuretic action of cyclic AMP, corpus cardiacum, and ventral ganglia on fluid absorption across locust ileum in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2655-2661 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lechleitner ◽  
N. Audsley ◽  
J. E. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Ventral Ganglion ◽  
Osmotic Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Permeability

Locust ileal fluid transport (3.0–3.5 μL/h per ileum) and tissue volume were nearly constant after the 1st hour of incubation in physiological saline. Inhibition of absorption by KCN + iodoacetic acid and by azide indicated metabolic dependence of fluid transport. Fluid absorption occurred against osmotic concentration differences of up to 600 mosmol (luminal osmolarity > hemocoel osmolarity). Fluid absorption was stimulated by cyclic AMP, by both nervous and glandular lobes of the corpus cardiacum, and by the fifth ventral ganglion in a dose-dependent manner. All stimulants caused ilea to absorb against larger osmotic concentration differences. Stimulants in corpus cardiacum and fifth ventral ganglion extracts increased the osmotic permeability of the ileal wall at low osmotic concentration differences, whereas cyclic AMP had a much smaller effect on osmotic permeability. The absorbate remained hyperosmotic to the luminal saline under all conditions, and stimulants increased absorbate osmolarity.

Erythrophagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica.- Ultrastructural Study

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 156-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Treviño ◽  
Alfredo Feria-Velasco ◽  
I. Ruiz de Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Axenic Conditions

Although erythrophagocytosis by various species of Entamoeba is a well known phenomenon this has not yet been studied in detail at the ultrastructural level. The present work deals with the description of the incorporation process of erythrocytes by trophozoites of E. histolytica. For this study, trophozoites of E. histolytica, HK-9:NIH strain cultured in axenic conditions and washed human erythrocytes were placed on a hot plate at 37°C in physiological saline solution. After 5 minutes, 2.5% glutarldehyde was added and the samples were processed according to conventional techniques for electron microscopy.Based upon light microscopy studies on living trophozoites in contact with erythrocytes, it seems that erythrophagocytosis only takes place in one pole of the parasite.

Resection of bone by sagittal saw: Investigation of effects of blade speed, feed rate, and irrigation on temperature rise

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199948
Author(s):  
Ehsan Shakouri ◽  
Pezhman Ghorbani ◽  
Pedram Pourheidari ◽  
Saeed Fotuhi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
The State ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Saw Blade ◽  
Oscillation Rate

Heat generation during bone cutting by sagittal saw may lead to temperature rise and possible incidence of thermal necrosis. The aim of the present research is to examine the effect of saw blade oscillation rate, blade feed rate, and irrigation by physiological saline solution on the bone temperature rise during sawing in order to determine the desired conditions for reducing the extent of thermal damage. For this purpose, empirical tests of bovine femur cutting were performed in 15 states, including five levels for the blade oscillation rate (10,000–18,000 cpm with 2000 cpm intervals) and three levels for the feed rate (10–30 mm.min−1 with 10 mm.min−1 intervals) for dry conditions; and five states, including five levels for the blade oscillation rate (10,000–18,000 cpm with 2000 cpm intervals) and one level in feed rate of 20 mm.min−1 for the irrigation conditions. The results indicated that the bone temperature rise had a direct relationship with the blade oscillation rate and an inverse relationship with its feed rate. In the state of no cooling, the minimum temperature rise (Δ T = 65.45°C) occurred at the blade speed of 10,000 cpm and feed rate of 30 mm.min−1, while in the state of sawing with irrigation, the temperature rise almost did not exceed the allowable range (Δ T ≤ 10°C). The results suggested that to lower the possibility of incidence of osteonecrosis in the bone resection by sagittal saw, cooling with physiological saline solution or application of the minimum blade oscillation rate and maximum feed rate is recommended.

scholarly journals Interactions between adenylate cyclase and the yeast GTPase-activating protein IRA1.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4591-4598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Mitts ◽  
J Bradshaw-Rouse ◽  
W Heideman
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase System ◽  
Gtpase Activating Protein ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Sepharose 4B ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Cyclic Amp Synthesis

The adenylate cyclase system of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains many proteins, including the CYR1 polypeptide, which is responsible for catalyzing the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP, RAS1 and RAS2 polypeptides, which mediate stimulation of cyclic AMP synthesis by guanine nucleotides, and the yeast GTPase-activating protein analog IRA1. We have previously reported that adenylate cyclase is only peripherally bound to the yeast membrane. We have concluded that IRA1 is a strong candidate for a protein involved in anchoring adenylate cyclase to the membrane. We base this conclusion on the following criteria: (i) a disruption of the IRA1 gene produced a mutant with very low membrane-associated levels of adenylate cyclase activity, (ii) membranes made from these mutants were incapable of binding adenylate cyclase in vitro, (iii) IRA1 antibodies inhibit binding of adenylate cyclase to the membrane, and (iv) IRA1 and adenylate cyclase comigrate on Sepharose 4B.

scholarly journals A Study of the Diverse Races of Entamoeba histolytica distinguishable from one another by the dimensions of their Cysts

Parasitology ◽  
1918 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Dobell ◽  
Margaret W. Jepps
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
E Coli ◽  
True Value ◽  
Apparent Loss ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Apparent Reduction ◽  
Pure Lines

1. Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn (vel E. dysenteriae Councilman and Lafleur), the human dysentery amoeba, is a collective species. It comprises a number of distinct races, strains, or pure lines, distinguishable from one another by the size of the cysts which they produce.2. How many such distinct races exist is still undetermined; but we have demonstrated the existence of at least five.3. There is no evidence that the different races differ in their geographical distribution, or in any character save size.4. These races remain constant in character within a given host; and the dimensions of the cysts are not determined by the action of the host upon the parasite, since two different races may coexist side by side in the same host.5. Different values for the dimensions of the cysts are obtained when these are measured in different media. Taking the measurements of living cysts suspended in physiological saline solution as representing the true value, we find that the dimensions of cysts in iodine solution are approximately the same; but that cysts which have been suitably fixed, stained, and mounted in balsam, have undergone an apparent reduction of approximately 10% from the true diameter.6. The most suitable fixative for E. histolytica cysts we have found to be a modification of Schaudinn's fluid. (Saturated aqueous solution of corrosive sublimate, two parts; absolute alcohol, one part; glacial acetic acid, 4–5%.) Cysts fixed in this fluid undergo no measurable shrinkage or swelling in the process.7. The apparent loss of size observed in cysts which have been fixed, stained, and mounted in balsam, is due chiefly to the invisibility of the cyst wall in the mounting medium.8. It follows from what has been said above (5 and 6) that to obtain an approximately true value for the dimensions of the living cysts from measurements made upon those suitably fixed, stained, and mounted in balsam, these measurements should be multiplied by the factor 9. We find no evidence of the existence of a sexual dimorphism in the cysts belonging to a single race, such as has been described by Mathis and Mercier.10. Since cysts of E. histolytica may be found with all diameters from about 5μ. to about 20μ—a range overlapping or covering the dimensions of the cysts of the two common harmless intestinal amoebae of man (E. coli and E. nana) and of other cysts and cyst-like bodies occurring in human faeces—it is of considerable practical importance to recognize and distinguish the diverse races of E. histolytica which differ from one another in the dimensions of the cysts which they produce.

On intravenous infusions for blood loss

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-350
Author(s):  
N. D. Perumov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Single Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution

The author believes that the infusion of gummy-arabic solution and the drip method of intravenous infusions of physiological saline solution are approximately equivalent and superior to a simple single infusion of physiological solution.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effectiveness and safety of intravenous and topical regimens of tranexamic acid in complex tibial plateau fracture: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimeng Wang ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Leilei Song ◽  
Teng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Plateau Fracture

Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in orthopedic surgery. However, no study has investigated TXA in complex tibial plateau fracture surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to confirm the safety and effectiveness of i.v. (intravenous) TXA and topical TXA.Material and methods This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. The control group received an equal amount of placebo (physiological saline solution); the i.v. group received 1.0 g TXA by intravenous injection before the tourniquet was inflated and before the surgical incision was closed, and the topical group received 3.0 g TXA in 75 mL of physiological saline solution 5 minutes prior to the final tourniquet release. Perioperative blood loss, vascular events, wound complications, and adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. The pain, knee function, and quality of life (QoL) assessments were based on their corresponding scoring systems.Results Baseline data were comparable for all groups. The i.v. group showed the best results for total blood loss (TBL) and hidden blood loss (HBL) (424.5 ± 49.4 mL and 219.3 ± 33.4 mL, respectively, all P values < 0.001). Patients in the i.v. group had lesser real Hb decrease than those in the control group (0.9 vs 1.5, P＜0.001) and topical group (0.9 vs 1.2, P = 0.026). The blood coagulation level as measured using fibrinolysis (D-dimer) was lower in the i.v. group than in the control and topical groups on POD1 and POD3; however, this difference was not significant; the fibrin-degradation products also showed a similar trend. Patients in the topical group experienced less pain than those in the control group on POD2, POD4, and PO6W. The VAS pain score was 3.6 vs. 4.4 (POD2, P＜0.05), 2.8 vs 3.3 (POD4, P＜0.05), and 2.1 vs. 2.6 (PO6W, P＜0.001) in the topical group vs control group, respectively. No significant differences were identified in vascular events, wound complications, adverse reactions, knee function, and QoL among the three groups.Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study that showed both i.v. TXA and topical TXA are safe and effective for complex tibial plateau fractures. The i.v. regimen effectively reduced blood loss during the perioperative period, whereas patients under the topical regimen had less vascular events, wound complications, and a lower incidence of adverse reactions compared to those in the i.v. group.

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