Kin selection and adult female Richardson's ground squirrels: a test

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2344-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
Behavioural Asymmetries

A population of adult female Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) was experimentally manipulated so that on one half of the study area each of the 9 females had 2 or 3 closely related females (mother, daughter, or littermate sister) as neighbours (the "kin cluster group," KC), while the 10 females on the other half of the area did not have closely related females as contiguous neighbours (the "no kin cluster group," NKC). In the previous year, breeding success and behaviour of females on both halves of the study area were similar. Following the manipulation, KC females spent a greater proportion of their aboveground time feeding, were less vigilant, shared a greater proportion of their core area with their nearest neighbour, were less likely to be involved in interactions that led to chasing and fleeing, and had a much better breeding success compared with females in the NKC group. These results provide a preliminary demonstration that the association of adult female kin to Richardson's ground squirrels can be advantageous, and as such, the observed behavioural asymmetries based upon kinship could be maintained by kin selection.

Field observations on the social relationships between adult female and juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail R. Michener
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior

Field observations were conducted in southern Saskatchewan in 1969 and 1971. Adult female Richardson's ground squirrels and their own young engaged predominantly in nasal and cohesive contacts while adults and young from other litters engaged predominantly in agonistic contacts. Identification sometimes occurred at a distance based on the location and behavior of the other animal.Newly emerged juveniles remained close to the home burrow and engaged mainly in non-agonistic interactions with both their mothers and other adults. Not until juveniles were 6–7 weeks old and were familiar with the area used by the mother did they correctly identify adults regardless of where the interaction occurred.

Social behavior between adult female Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) and their own and alien young

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Michener ◽  
D. H. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
First Contact

Adult female Richardson's ground squirrels were paired at intervals with their own and unrelated young in a neutral cage. Little agonistic behavior occurred between related animals but such behavior was common when the adult and young were unrelated. Conversely, cohesive behavior was common between related animals but not between unrelated animals. A tendency for the adults to treat male and female young differently was noted. With only four exceptions (out of 48 tests) the first contact between adult and young was neutral, nose–nose being most common. The frequency of neutral behavior declined on the second contact and remained at the lower level. Implications of the study with regard to recognition, dispersal, and territory learning are discussed.

scholarly journals What Is Orientation in Dignitarian Thinking? Self, Other, Time and Space

2020 ◽  
pp. 174387212098228
Author(s):  
Stephen Riley
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Methodological Challenge ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Normative Discourse ◽  
The Government

Drawing upon Kant’s analysis of the role of intuitions in our orientation towards knowledge, this paper analyses four points of departure in thinking about dignity: self, other, time and space. Each reveals a core area of normative discourse – authenticity in the self, respect for the other, progress through time and authority as the government of space – along with related grounds of resistance to dignity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the methodological challenge presented by our different dignitarian intuitions, in particular the role of universality in testing and cohering our intuitions.

Effects of central injection of biogenic amines during arousal from hibernation

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. R162-R167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Glass ◽  
L. C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Apparent Specific Heat ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injections ◽  
Made In

Simultaneous measurements of heat production (HP) and heat loss (HL) and brain and rectal temperatures were made in Richardon's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) rewarming from hibernation at an ambient temperature of 6.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Calculations from HP and HL measurements from control animals showed that due to differential rewarming, there was a reduction of apparent specific heat of the animal to 0.59 cal/g. degrees C. This resulted in an energy saving of 30%. Three intracerebroventricular injections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of 56 microgram each at brain temperatures of 10, 20, and 30 degrees C caused initial suppression of HP and a greater overall HL, which resulted in a slower rate of arousal as compared to the controls. Injections of norepinephrine (NE) of 12.5 microgram each at similar brain temperatures caused a greater rate of HP, which resulted in a faster rate of arousal as compared to the controls. The respective actions of 5-HT and NE on thermoregulation during rewarming are similar to those in some euthermic hibernators and nonhibernating species. Our data indicated that these substances evoke thermoregulatory responses during arousal in much the same manner as during normothermia.

A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4985 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROTAKA TANAKA ◽  
DAISUKE SASAKI ◽  
SATOSHI KAMITANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
Hokkaido Island ◽  
A New Species

A new species of soft scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), Luzulaspis kinakikir Tanaka sp. nov., collected from Carex miyabei (Cyperaceae), on Hokkaido Island, Japan, is described and illustrated based on adult female morphology. The new species, which belongs to the Scotica group of Luzulaspis, is similar to L. filizae Kaydan, 2015, but can be distinguished from it by possessing multilocular pores with fewer loculi; numerous dorsal tubular ducts, obviously wider than the ventral tubular ducts, and by lacking dorsal tubular ducts on the head apex. An updated diagnosis of Luzulaspis and two identification keys, one to the Japanese species of Luzulaspis and the other to the species of the Scotica group of Luzulaspis, are provided.

SECRETION OF FSH AND LH IN THE PSEUDOPREGNANT RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. van Rees ◽  
C. A. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The pituitary LH- and FSH-content was estimated in rats made pseudopregnant by electrical stimulation of the cervix uteri; serum FSH was also estimated. An increase in both FSH- and LH-content was found, which was largest in the pituitary glands collected on the 7th day of pseudopregnancy. A similar increase in pituitary LH-content could be induced in normal adult female rats by a course of injections of 5 mg of progesterone daily. Serum FSH-levels did not show any clear-cut changes during pseudopregnancy, but rose at the end of it. In the discussion a connection is made between the similarity of the result of progesterone treatment and pseudopregnancy on one hand and between the ovulation-inhibiting effect of progesterone and its ability to increase pituitary FSH-and LH-levels on the other.

Movements of Two Rabid Raccoons, Procyon lotor, in Eastern Ontario

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Rosatte ◽  
Mike Allan ◽  
Rob Warren ◽  
Peter Neave ◽  
Todd Babin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The Other ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Inspection Agency ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Facial Area ◽  
Canadian Food Inspection Agency ◽  
Initial Capture

An adult female Raccoon Procyon lotor was captured about 3 km north of Mallorytown, Ontario, on 27 August 2004, as part of a government rabies control program. The animal was vaccinated against rabies, ear-tagged and released, and recaptured the next day 1.7 km south of the initial capture location. Upon recapture, the Raccoon had porcupine quills in its facial area and seemed agitated and was submitted for rabies testing. It was confirmed as rabies positive on 31 August 2004, by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Similarly, a juvenile male raccoon was captured, ear-tagged, vaccinated, and released near Junetown, Ontario (about 4 km NW of the other rabid Raccoon) on 5 September 2004. It was found dying in a residential window well on 22 September 2004, 700 meters from the original capture location. It was diagnosed as rabid on 23 September 2004.

scholarly journals The song remains the same: Juvenile Richardson’s ground squirrels do not respond differentially to mother’s or colony member’s alarm calls

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Hare ◽  
Kurtis J. Warkentin
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Alarm Call ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Limited Opportunity ◽  
Predator Model

Abstract Alarm calls are emitted by Richardson’s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii in response to avian and terrestrial predators. Conspecifics detecting these calls respond with increased vigilance, promoting predator detection and evasion, but in doing so, lose time from foraging. That loss can be minimized if alarm call recipients discriminate among signalers, and weight their response accordingly. For juvenile ground squirrels, we predicted that the trade-off between foraging and vigilance could be optimized via selective response to alarm calls emitted by their own dam, and/or neighboring colony members over calls broadcast by less familiar conspecifics. Alarm calls of adult female Richardson’s ground squirrels were elicited in the field using a predator model and recorded on digital audio tape. Free-living focal juveniles were subjected to playbacks of a call of their mother, and on a separate occasion a call from either another adult female from their own colony, or an adult female from another colony. Neither immediate postural responses and escape behavior, nor the duration of vigilance manifested by juveniles differed with exposure to alarm calls of the three adult female signaler types. Thus, juveniles did not respond preferentially to alarm calls emitted by their mothers or colony members, likely reflecting the high cost of ignoring alarm signals where receivers have had limited opportunity to establish past signaler reliability.

Waveforms and velocities for non-nearest-neighbour contact distributions

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Renshaw
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Negative Exponential Function ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
Negative Exponential

This paper examines a model for ecological and epidemiological spread. Expressions are derived for mean waveforms and expectation velocities for two specific contact distributions. Whilst one distribution may be bounded above by a negative exponential function the other may not, and these two situations respectively give rise to finite and infinite asymptotic expectation velocities.

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